scholarly journals Experiences of introducing new drugs for drug-resistant TB at the ALERT Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2017–2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-52
Author(s):  
E. Tesema ◽  
F. Wares ◽  
A. Bedru ◽  
C. Negeri ◽  
Y. Molla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Addis Ababa ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Qtc Prolongation ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Early Results ◽  
Centre Hospital

BACKGROUND: Drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) remains a major public health concern. DR-TB patient data from ALERT (All Africa Leprosy, Tuberculosis and Rehabilitation Training Centre) Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, who received bedaquiline (BDQ) and/or delamanid (DLM) containing regimens were analysed.RESULTS: From 2017 to 2019, 51 DR-TB patients were enrolled. Of 33 patients, 31 (93.9%) had culture converted at 6 months. Of those with final outcomes, 77% (n = 10) were cured. Thirty (58.8%) developed adverse events, the most frequent of which were gastrointestinal disorders (70%), haematological disorders (16.7%) and QTc prolongation (16.7%). Twenty patients discontinued the offending drug permanently.CONCLUSION: With close monitoring, introduction of new DR-TB regimens brought good early results, which encouraged wider programmatic implementation in Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Antimicrobial Resistance Traits of Escherichia coli from Wild Birds and Rodents in Singapore

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5606
Author(s):  
Kar Hui Ong ◽  
Wei Ching Khor ◽  
Jing Yi Quek ◽  
Zi Xi Low ◽  
Sathish Arivalan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Escherichia coli (E. coli) poses a public health concern worldwide. Wild birds and rodents, due to their mobility, are potential vehicles for transmission of AMR bacteria to humans. Ninety-six wild birds’ faecal samples and 135 rodents’ droppings samples were collected and analysed in 2017. Forty-six E. coli isolates from wild birds and rodents were subjected to AMR phenotypic and genotypic characterisation. The proportion of E. coli isolates resistant to at least one of the antimicrobials tested from wild birds (80.8%) was significantly higher than that of isolates from rodents (40.0%). The proportion of E. coli isolates resistant to each antimicrobial class for wild birds was 3.8% to 73.1% and that for rodents was 5.0% to 35.0%. Six out of 26 E. coli isolates from wild birds (23.1%) and two out of 20 (10.0%) isolates from rodents were multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains. These MDR E. coli isolates were detected with various antimicrobial resistance genes such as blaTEM-1B and qnrS1 and could be considered as part of the environmental resistome. Findings in this study suggested that wild birds and rodents could play a role in disseminating antimicrobial resistant E. coli, and this underscores the necessity of environment management and close monitoring on AMR bacteria in wild birds and rodents to prevent spreading of resistant organisms to other wildlife animals and humans.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance of potentially human‐pathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from riding horses

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pouya Reshadi ◽  
Fatemeh Heydari ◽  
Reza Ghanbarpour ◽  
Mahboube Bagheri ◽  
Maziar Jajarmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

Abstract Background Transmission of antimicrobial resistant and virulent Escherichia coli (E. coli) from animal to human has been considered as a public health concern. This study aimed to determine the phylogenetic background and prevalence of diarrheagenic E. coli and antimicrobial resistance in healthy riding-horses in Iran. In this research, the genes related to six main pathotypes of E. coli were screened. Also, genotypic and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance against commonly used antibiotics were studied, then phylo-grouping was performed on all the isolates. Results Out of 65 analyzed isolates, 29.23 % (n = 19) were determined as STEC and 6.15 % (n = 4) as potential EPEC. The most prevalent antimicrobial resistance phenotypes were against amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (46.2 %) and ceftriaxone (38.5 %). blaTEM was the most detected resistance gene (98.4 %) among the isolates and 26.15 % of the E. coli isolates were determined as multi-drug resistant (MDR). Three phylo-types including B1 (76.92 %), A (13.85 %) and D (3.08 %) were detected among the isolates. Conclusions Due to the close interaction of horses and humans, these findings would place emphasis on the pathogenic and zoonotic potential of the equine strains and may help to design antimicrobial resistance stewardship programs to control the dissemination of virulent and multi-drug resistant E. coli strains in the community.

An Overview of the Activities of Cefiderocol Against Sensitive and Multidrug- Resistant (MDR) Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 1908-1916
Author(s):  
Manaf AlMatar ◽  
Osman Albarri ◽  
Essam A. Makky ◽  
Işıl Var ◽  
Fatih Köksal
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Penicillin Binding Proteins ◽  
The Public

The need for new therapeutics and drug delivery systems has become necessary owing to the public health concern associated with the emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms. Among the newly discovered therapeutic agents is cefiderocol, which was discovered by Shionogi Company, Japan as an injectable siderophore cephalosporin. Just like the other β-lactam antibiotics, cefiderocol exhibits antibacterial activity via cell wall synthesis inhibition, especially in Gram negative bacteria (GNB); it binds to the penicillin-binding proteins, but its unique attribute is that it crosses the periplasmic space of bacteria owing to its siderophore-like attribute; it also resists the activity of β-lactamases. Among all the synthesized compounds with the modified C-7 side chain, cefiderocol (3) presented the best and well-balanced activity against multi-drug resistant (MDR) Gram negative bacteria, including those that are resistant to carbapenem. İn this article, an overview of the recent studies on cefiderocol was presented.

scholarly journals Recombinant ESAT-6-Like Proteins Provoke Protective Immune Responses against Invasive Staphylococcus aureus Disease in a Murine Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 339-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao Zhong Zhang ◽  
Yan Hong Hua ◽  
Bin Yu ◽  
Candy Choi Yi Lau ◽  
Jian Piao Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Passive Immunization ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Staphylococcus aureusis a common pathogen found in the community and in hospitals. Most notably, methicillin-resistantS. aureusis resistant to many antibiotics, which is a growing public health concern. The emergence of drug-resistant strains has prompted the search for alternative treatments, such as immunotherapeutic approaches. To date, most clinical trials of vaccines or of passive immunization againstS. aureushave ended in failure. In this study, we investigated two ESAT-6-like proteins secreted byS. aureus,S. aureusEsxA (SaEsxA) and SaEsxB, as possible targets for a vaccine. Mice vaccinated with these purified proteins elicited high titers of anti-SaEsxA and anti-SaEsxB antibodies, but these antibodies could not preventS. aureusinfection. On the other hand, recombinant SaEsxA (rSaEsxA) and rSaEsxB could induce Th1- and Th17-biased immune responses in mice. Mice immunized with rSaEsxA and rSaEsxB had significantly improved survival rates when challenged withS. aureuscompared with the controls. These findings indicate that SaEsxA and SaEsxB are two promising Th1 and Th17 candidate antigens which could be developed into multivalent and serotype-independent vaccines againstS. aureusinfection.

scholarly journals Structure-Based Discovery of Inhibitors Against MurE in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 618-625
Author(s):  
Junie B. Billones ◽  
Marielle Alyanna T. Bangalan
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Peptidoglycan Biosynthesis ◽  
Experimental Drugs

The rise of superbugs is a serious public health concern. It is estimated to kill around 10 million people a year by 2050 and will overtake cancer as the number one cause of death worldwide. One of the most prevalent drug-resistant pathogen is Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Intense efforts have been devoted to the discovery and development of anti-MRSA drug. Muramyl ligase E (MurE), an enzyme involved in the peptidoglycan biosynthesis of the bacterial cell wall, is a highly druggable target in MRSA. In this study, virtual screening of approved and experimental drugs in the Drug Bank database was performed based on a pharmacophore derived from the structure of MurE. Molecular docking was subsequently done with the top hits. The top hits and their derivatives were further evaluated for their predicted pharmacokinetics properties. This drug repurposing effort has identified four experimental drugs that are predicted to bind more strongly to MurE than the drug Fosfomycin. One of the top hits, DB01758, exhibited all the characteristics of a good drug candidate, albeit it is likely to be non-biodegradable.

scholarly journals The Future Perspectives of Drug Repurposing and Treatment for the Drug Resistant Breast Cancer: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panneerselvam Theivendren ◽  
Selvaraj Kunjiappan ◽  
Yashoda Mariappa Hegde ◽  
Kaveena Ravi ◽  
Sivakumar Vellaichamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
The Future ◽  
New Treatment

Breast cancer is a major health concern as it is the second leading cause of death from cancer. There are several well-known risk factors that contribute to breast cancer. Despite the various treatment options available, complete cure is still difficult due to heterogenicity of BC subtypes. As a result, identifying BC subtypes is critical for determining the optimal treatment approach. Over the last several years, new drugs targeting particular therapeutic targets have resulted in significant advances in the treatment of breast cancer. Nonetheless, resistance to treatment is the “major” issue, and a significant increase in survival rates has been the main focus for researchers. The purpose of this review article is to provide a broad overview of the molecular basis of drug resistance in breast cancer, as well as a detailed assessment of current treatment options, potential new treatment methods for drug-resistant breast cancer and repurposed drugs used for treatment. The possibility of non-cancer drugs being studied for breast cancer in the future, as well as the obstacles and bottlenecks of drug repurposing, is also highlighted. Finally, we go through present problems and future prospects in drug-resistant breast cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Dog bite as a public health concern in Addis Ababa

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Mengistu ◽  
K Hussen ◽  
A Ali ◽  
G Getahun ◽  
D Sifer
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
Public Health Concern

scholarly journals Whole-Genome Sequencing of Two Extensively Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Beenish Rufai ◽  
Sarman Singh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant

The emergence of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) presents a considerable challenge and a public health concern due to the high mortality rate of this disease. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of XDR-TB isolates is thus essential for understanding the mechanism of drug resistance.

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