scholarly journals Macrofungi of raised and transitional bogs of Pomerania

2013 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 1-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Stasińska
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Community Type ◽  
Rare Plant ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Eriophorum Vaginatum ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Ecological Scale

<p>The mycology of peatlands, with their specific plant communities and numerous rare plant species, has been underexplored and is poorly recognized. The main objectives of this study were to identify the species richness and diversity of macromycetes in raised and transitional bogs of Pomerania and to establish correlations between macroscopic fungi and peatland communities occurring in the area in view of environmental conditions. Investigations spanning a period of ten years were conducted at 134 sites (71 raised and 63 transitional bogs) in eight non-forest peatland communities (<em>Caricetum lasiocarpae</em>, <em>Caricetum limosae</em>, <em>Caricetum rostratae</em>, <em>Eriophoro angustifolii-Sphagnetum recurvi</em>, <em>Rhynchosporetum albae</em>, <em>Erico-Sphagnetum medii</em>, <em>Sphagnetum magellanici</em>, and the <em>Eriophorum vaginatum-Sphagnum fallax</em> community) and two forest communities (<em>Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum</em> and <em>Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis</em>) in which 108 permanent observation plots were established for detailed examinations. A total of 191 macromycete species were recorded in the peatlands. The smallest number of species was recorded in <em>Rhynchosporetum albae</em> (12 species) and <em>Caricetum rostratae</em> (15 species). Phytocoenoses richest in fungi were <em>Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum</em> (102 species) and <em>Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis</em> (121 species). The number of macromycete species recorded in individual peatland communities depends on the community type and is not conditioned by the number of observations and the number and the total area of permanent plots. Five mycosociologico-ecological groups of macroscopic fungi were distinguished based on numerical analyses. Four groups comprise species of fungi associated with a specific phytocoenosis or a group of phytocoenoses. One group consists of fungi with a broader ecological scale. The majority of environmental variables representing the substrate’s chemical properties, humidity and pH show a statistically significant influence on the diversity of macroscopic fungi species in the peatland communities. Cartogram maps of the distribution of 21 species of peatland fungi are included and geographico-ecological features of the species are briefly described.</p>

scholarly journals Effect of environmental gradients on diversity and plant community distribution in remnant dry Afromontane forest of Mount Duro, Nagelle Arsi, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Mengistu Teshome ◽  
Zebene Asfaw ◽  
Gemedo Dalle
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Community Type ◽  
Diversity Assessment ◽  
Bersama Abyssinica

Abstract For forest ecosystem management to be effective, explicit understanding of the species diversity-environmental relationship along elevation gradient is crucial. This study aimed at identifying and describing plant communities and also documenting their species diversity. Evaluation of relationships between selected environmental variables and species diversity was another objective of this study. Systematic sampling techniques were used to collect vegetation data in a total of forty two sample plots (size=20×20 m). Within main plots, four sub-plots of 5×5 m were established at four corners and – one sub-plot of the same size in the center. These plots were used for shrub and herb diversity assessment. Within each sample plot, all plant species were documented and their scientific names were identified. Environmental variables, such as: elevation, aspect and slope, were also recorded for each main plot. Species diversity was determined using Shannon-Wiener diversity index and evenness in R statistical software. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering method was used for plant community classification. The total of 44 plant species belonging to 30 families was documented. Four plant community types were identified with different diversity, evenness and species richness. These plant communities were: Afrocurpus falcatus-Ficus sur, Maesa lanceolata-Bersama abyssinica, Vernonia myriantha-Urera hypselodendron and Croton machrostachus-Tecleanobilis occurring at average elevation of 2521, 2429, 2329, and 2364 m asl, respectively. Maesa lanceolata-Bersama abyssinica community type exhibited the highest species diversity and evenness followed by Croton machrostachus-Teclea nobilis community type showing the fact that median elevation ranges were rich in species. Elevation and slope gradient explained significant variation in species richness in the studied forest. For effective conservation of biodiversity and sustainable management of the forest ecosystem, further research on the impacts of anthropogenic disturbances and soil properties is recommended as a result of this study.

scholarly journals Shifts in soil and plant functional diversity along an altitudinal gradient in the French Alps

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexia Stokes ◽  
Guillermo Angeles ◽  
Fabien Anthelme ◽  
Eduardo Aranda-Delgado ◽  
Isabelle Barois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Community ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Biophysical Properties ◽  
Tropical Zone ◽  
Soil Microbial

Abstract Objectives Altitude integrates changes in environmental conditions that determine shifts in vegetation, including temperature, precipitation, solar radiation and edaphogenetic processes. In turn, vegetation alters soil biophysical properties through litter input, root growth, microbial and macrofaunal interactions. The belowground traits of plant communities modify soil processes in different ways, but it is not known how root traits influence soil biota at the community level. We collected data to investigate how elevation affects belowground community traits and soil microbial and faunal communities. This dataset comprises data from a temperate climate in France and a twin study was performed in a tropical zone in Mexico. Data description The paper describes soil physical and chemical properties, climatic variables, plant community composition and species abundance, plant community traits, soil microbial functional diversity and macrofaunal abundance and diversity. Data are provided for six elevations (1400–2400 m) ranging from montane forest to alpine prairie. We focused on soil biophysical properties beneath three dominant plant species that structure local vegetation. These data are useful for understanding how shifts in vegetation communities affect belowground processes, such as water infiltration, soil aggregation and carbon storage. Data will also help researchers understand how plant communities adjust to a changing climate/environment.

COMPREHENSIVE WAY OF CALCULATING ECOLOGICAL (ENVIRONMENTAL SPACE) FACTORS OF PLANT COMMUNITIES ENVIRONMENT FOR AMPLITUDE ECOLOGICAL SCALES

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
G. N. Buzuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Indicator Method ◽  
Ecological Index ◽  
Ecological Scales ◽  
Ecological Scale ◽  
Environmental Space ◽  
Instrumental Methods ◽  
The Ideal

Despite intensive development of instrumental methods of environmental factors analysis for plant communities their assessment with ecological scales still remains important. The main advantage of ecological scales is their ability to reflect generalized and average characteristics of ecological regimes due to significant inertia in response of plant communities composition to the change of certain characteristics of the environment. The main ways of calculation while using ecological scales are the medium-sized method and the ideal indicator method (of linear regression) including modified algorithm of calculating the level of edaphic and climatic factors of the environment with amplitude ecological scales. The aim of this work was to improve further the method for assessing the level of ecological factors (ecological space) in plant communities. For calculations and visualization of the results obtained we used Excel and our own programs written in the Matlab media. The basis of the method is finding the factor averagely weighed for the level calculated by the traditional way and by the method of the ideal indicator. It is proposed to set the weight of factors in both methods of calculation both explicitly and depending on the ecological index reflecting correspondence (adequacy) of the plant community composition to the level of ecological factors prevailing in the habitat. They can also be calculated by linear or non-linear dependencies relative to the middle of amplitude ecological scale. The conclusion is that it is possible to predict the content of secondary metabolites in plants based on assessing the level of ecological factors for plant communities.

scholarly journals Macromycetes of oak-hornbeam forests in the Białowieża National Park - monitoring studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Skirgiełło
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
National Park ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Plant Association ◽  
Multiple Signals ◽  
Białowieża National Park ◽  
European Oak

Mycosociological observations were carried out between 1994-1996 on permanent plots within a <i>Tilio-Carpinetum</i> association in the Białowieża National Park. The project was carried out with international cooperation within the "Mycological monitoring in European oak forests" programme which was a result of multiple signals concerning the disappearance of oaks in our continent. Almost 40 years before mycosociological research in the same plant association and at the same plots were carried out. Studies were mainly concerned with analysing the terrestrial macromycetes, predominantly <i>Boletales</i> and <i>Agaricales</i>. They analysed the occurrence of saprotrophic and mycorrhizal fungi. Totaly 215 species from the above listed ecological groups, but there were only 34 species common to both studies. Dominating species within the mycorrhizal group were found.

Coastal salt-marshes plant communities of the Salicornietea fruticosae class in Apulia (Italy)

Biologia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saverio Sciandrello ◽  
Valeria Tomaselli
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Salt Marsh Vegetation ◽  
Marsh Vegetation ◽  
Apulia Region ◽  
Coastal Salt Marshes ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Halocnemum Strobilaceum

AbstractAn overview of the salt-marsh herbland and scrub vegetation belonging to the class Salicornietea fruticosae Br.-Bl. et Tx. ex A. Bolòs y Vayreda 1950 in Apulia is presented. Data available from literature have been supplemented with original relevés performed in different locations of the Apulia region. On the basis of a total of 297 relevés, fifteen communities have been defined, according to the traditional phytosociological system based on dominant and/or diagnostic taxa. For comparison purposes, the salt-marsh vegetation has been classified using numerical methods. The results obtained show that most of the clusters correspond to specific associations, and confirm the division into vegetation alliances and orders. Numerical analysis also allowed us to assign the proper allocation of some associations and plant communities drawn from literature. Five alliances, with plant communities characterized by specific ecological features, have been discriminated: Sarcocornion alpini and Arthrocnemion glauci (lower marshes), Salicornion fruticosae (middle marshes), Inulion crithmoidis and Suaedion brevofoliae (upper marshes). In addition, during the field work, a population of Halocnemum strobilaceum (Arthrocnemo-Halocnemetum strobilacei), new record for the Apulia region, has been found.

Environmental factors responsible for shaping an open peatland – forest complex on the hypermaritime north coast of British Columbia

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 2380-2394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taro Asada ◽  
Barry G Warner ◽  
Jim Pojar
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Groundwater Table ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Minimum Level ◽  
Peat Accumulation ◽  
Upland Forest ◽  
Vegetation Gradient

The relationships between the distribution of plant communities and environmental factors were studied in an open peatland – forest complex of the hypermaritime north coast of British Columbia. The entire vegetation gradient, from open through forested peatlands to upland forest, was primarily explained by slope and minimum level of groundwater table. Environmental conditions in the upland Tsuga–Rhytidiadelphus forest were considerably different from those of the other communities; differences were small among the Sphagnum open peatland, the Pinus–Sphagnum woodland, the Chamaecyparis–Fauria forest, and the Thuja–Gaultheria forest. Highest level of groundwater table, conductivity minimum, pH, and dissolved oxygen merely helped distinguish the upland Tsuga–Rhytidiadelphus forest from all other communities. The wet Thuja–Gaultheria forest could be more vulnerable than the upland Tsuga–Rhytidiadelphus forest to local hydrological changes caused by harvesting. Consecutive intraannual measurements of environmental variables are important in clarifying the relationships between distribution of plant communities and environmental variables, especially for communities with peat accumulation.

A Quantitative Study of Soil-Plant Relations in the Eastern Goldfields of Western Australia.

1998 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Fergusson ◽  
AJ Graham
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Field Site ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
Exchangeable Ca

The soil and plants at a 27.4 ha field site near Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, were surveyed and analysed with multivariate statistics. Cluster analysis identified four distinct plant communities at the study site. These were: Acacia acuminata shrubland Eucalyptus gvfithsii woodland Eucalyptus salrnonophloia woodland 'Ground Covers' - areas characterised by the presence of generalist herbs, low shrubs and weeds, and the absence of dominant upper storey species. Discriminant function analysis identified site elevation and soil exchangeable Ca as the primary environmental discriminants between the plant communities. Using these two variables, sample points were classified into one of the four plant communities. The two methods of classification matched well, with classification based on the two environmental variables providing an indication of which plant community would be most likely to establish in disturbed areas. This type of information can be important to revegetation programs in the region, guiding the use of appropriate plant species under different rehabilitation conditions. Key wcrds: environmental variables, plant communities, multivariate analysis, classification, revegetation

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