scholarly journals Porosty – wskaźniki niżowych lasów puszczańskich w Polsce [Lichens – indicators of lowland old-growth forests in Poland]

2014 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 223-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystyna Czyżewska ◽  
Stanisław Cieśliński
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Native Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Old Growth Forests ◽  
The Status ◽  
Białowieża National Park ◽  
And Function

Old-growth forests arę natural biocoenoses, which developed and function without apparent impacts of human activity, which are adjusted to their habitats and remain in perfect biocoenotic equilibrium. In a forest environment there occurs a high diversity of seminal and cryptogamic plants and fungi, including lichenized fungi (lichens). The disappearance of old-growth forests affected by human activity or their strong fragmentation and isolation are the greatest danger for numerous typically forest lichens. On the basis of selected lichens - indicators of old-growth forests we undertook an attempt at detecting well-preserved lowland areas, which are at present biocentres of typically forest species. The most important features of indicatory species were considered the following: they are native species growing exclusively in forest communities; they are permanent components of forest biocoenoses, while their biological-ecological properties are adjusted to the phytoclimate and biotopes of forest environment; they inhabit specific forest habitats; they are typical epiphytes and epixylites inhabiting old live trees and dead wood of various stages of decomposition; they do not grow in managed forests. A total of 71 species that will serve the function of obligatory indicators (IND) of old-growth forests were selected for Poland's natural lowland forests (see Table 1). 53 of these species are presently strongly threatened, possessing the status of the Red List Categories (CR, EN and VU). The following 10 forest areas were evaluated: Białowieża National Park (58 IND), the reserves of Budzisk (34 IND), and Starożyn (29 IND) in North-Eastern Poland, reserves of Borki (29 IND), Las Warmiński (17 IND) and Krutynia (18 IND) in Northern Poland, and the reserves of Spała (15 IND), Zagożdżon (13 IND), Białe Ługi (10 IND) and Żyznów (4 IND) in Central Poland (Table 2). The highest number of old-growth forests occur in the Białowieża National Park (84%). This value indicates that the Białowieża Ntional Park may now be considered a model comparitive object, the biocentre of epiphytic and epixylic forest species of old-growth forests representing the total ecological amplitude of biodiversity and occupied habitats. In all the 10 biocentres there occur 66 indicatory species of old-growth forests, the highest number of which, ca 88%, occur in the Białowieża National Park, while 51.5% in the Budzisk reserve in the Knyszyńska Forest.

Pollen productivity estimates from old-growth forest strongly differ from those obtained in cultural landscapes: Evidence from the Białowieża National Park, Poland

The Holocene ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambroise G Baker ◽  
Marcelina Zimny ◽  
Andrzej Keczyński ◽  
Shonil A Bhagwat ◽  
Kathy J Willis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Old Growth Forest ◽  
Białowieża National Park ◽  
Pollen Productivity

Analyse de la réponse de la végétation aux trouées naturelles dans une futaie âgée de Quercus ilexL. en Corse (île Méditerranéenne)

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1125-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Panaïotis ◽  
Roger Loisel ◽  
Maurice Roux
Keyword(s):  
Structural Organization ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Plant Succession ◽  
Random Permutations ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Natural Evolution ◽  
Statistical Tools ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Old Growth Forests

Green oak (Quercus ilexL.) is the most common forest species growing under Mediterranean climate. Because of important past anthropic perturbations, green oak old-growth forests are very unfrequent and constitute, for that reason, a most interesting domain where to analyze the natural evolution of green oak stands. Such forests exist in Corsica and this study deals with vegetation successions as they occur in naturally occuring gaps. Because of the taxonomic poorness (32 species), two statistical tools (canonical correspondence analysis and random permutations) were used to take into account vegetation spatial structure according to types (herbaceous, shrubby, or arborescent). These statistical analyses show that plant succession does not really exist in gaps of green oak old-growth forests but rather a structural organization of common species found in the maquis. Results support the hypothesis about the internal dynamics of these forests going through a maquis phase.

Understory patch dynamics and ungulate herbivory in old-growth forests of Olympic National Park, Washington

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward G. Schreiner ◽  
Kirsten A. Krueger ◽  
Douglas B. Houston ◽  
Patricia J. Happe
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Standing Crop ◽  
National Park ◽  
Patch Dynamics ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Patch Type ◽  
Ungulate Herbivory ◽  
Olympic National Park ◽  
Old Growth Forests

The relationship between native ungulates (mainly Roosevelt elk, Cervuselaphus L.) and the occurrence of three patch types in an old-growth (220- to 260-year-old) Sitka spruce (Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carrière)–western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) temperate coniferous rain forest was investigated on the South Fork Hoh River in Olympic National Park. The distribution, frequency, and size of two understory patches (grass, moss) and patches where shrubs had escaped herbivory (refugia) were sampled along transects. Vegetation standing crop, percent cover, species richness, and equitability along transects were compared with conditions in two 8-year-old 0.5-ha ungulate exclosures. Ungulate herbivory profoundly affected the distribution and abundance of understory patch types. Grass-dominated patches disappeared following 8 years of protection from ungulate herbivory. Ungulates maintained a reduced standing crop, increased forb species richness, and determined the distribution, morphology, and reproductive performance of several shrub species. There is clearly a dynamic relationship between patch type, tree fall, and ungulate herbivory in these old-growth forests. Our results show that ungulate herbivory is a driving force shaping vegetation patterns in coastal coniferous forests.

scholarly journals Ecotourism Management Structuring at The Salak Mountain II Resort, Halimun Salak National Park

2019 ◽  
pp. 281
Author(s):  
Andrianto Kusumoarto ◽  
Ryan Hidayat ◽  
Siti Jubei ◽  
Atie Ernawati
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
National Park ◽  
Interpretive Structural Modeling ◽  
Development Activity ◽  
The Status ◽  
Conservation Of Natural Resources ◽  
And Function ◽  
Development And Management

The Salak Mountain II Resort Area, Halimun Salak National Park has several ecotourism objects that have a good ecotourist attraction. In the Salak Mountain II Resort area,  there are several actors who have a role in management, where there are several obstacles faced during the course of the activity. The objectives in this study are 1) identifying elements in the management structure variables; 2) analyze the goals variable of ecotourism development, needs variable of ecotourism development, activity programs variable of ecotourism development, obstacles variable of ecotourism development, and actors variable of ecotourism development; 3) making the model of ecotourism management structuring. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative with Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) analysis. The results of the study shown that the desired goals in managing the area are the conservation of natural resources and their ecosystems, and providing education to the community about environmental management. The desired need in area management is the existence of ecotourism legality. Some of the desired program activities in regional development and management are agrotourism, local cultural and artistic attractions, ecotourism, and natural recreation. Some obstacles in the development and management of the area are the limited human resources that have knowledge, skills in managing ecotourism areas and changes in the status of the utilization zone to the ecotourism zone. Salak Mountain II Resort Office, Koperasi Khalifah, Village-Owned Business Entity are actors who have very strong driving factors and function as variable linkage. Each element in the variable has different strengths as a driver and dependency.

scholarly journals Insects inhabiting two old-growth forest polypore species

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atte Komonen ◽  
Juha Siitonen ◽  
Marko Mutanen
Keyword(s):  
Forest Species ◽  
Insect Communities ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Old Growth Forest ◽  
Old Growth Forests ◽  
Eastern Finland

This paper describes insect communities inhabiting two old-growth forest polypores Amylocystis lapponica and Fomitopsis rosea (Polyporaceae). Basidiocarps of both species were collected from old-growth forests in southern and eastern Finland and Russia. Samples of A. lapponica and F. rosea basidiocarps revealed insect communities of more than 50 species each, including many rare old-growth forest species. Here we report the rearing results and discuss the biology of the beetle Hallomenus sp. (Melandryidae) inhabiting A. lapponica and the beetle Cis dentatus (Cisidae), the moth Agnathosia mendicella (Tineidae) and the fly Elfia cingulata (Tachinidae) inhabiting F. rosea. Distribution maps of C. dentatus and A. mendicella in Finland are given.

scholarly journals High plant diversity and slow assembly of old-growth grasslands

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (31) ◽  
pp. 18550-18556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish N. Nerlekar ◽  
Joseph W. Veldman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Large Herbivores ◽  
Global Test ◽  
Grassland Species ◽  
Arrested Succession ◽  
Grassland Conservation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
And Function

Earth’s ancient grasslands and savannas—hereafter old-growth grasslands—have long been viewed by scientists and environmental policymakers as early successional plant communities of low conservation value. Challenging this view, emerging research suggests that old-growth grasslands support substantial biodiversity and are slow to recover if destroyed by human land uses (e.g., tillage agriculture, plantation forestry). But despite growing interest in grassland conservation, there has been no global test of whether old-growth grasslands support greater plant species diversity than secondary grasslands (i.e., herbaceous communities that assemble after destruction of old-growth grasslands). Our synthesis of 31 studies, including 92 timepoints on six continents, found that secondary grasslands supported 37% fewer plant species than old-growth grasslands (log response ratio = −0.46) and that secondary grasslands typically require at least a century, and more often millennia (projected mean 1,400 y), to recover their former richness. Young (<29 y) secondary grasslands were composed of weedy species, and even as their richness increased over decades to centuries, secondary grasslands were still missing characteristic old-growth grassland species (e.g., long-lived perennials). In light of these results, the view that all grasslands are weedy communities, trapped by fire and large herbivores in a state of arrested succession, is untenable. Moving forward, we suggest that ecologists should explicitly consider grassland assembly time and endogenous disturbance regimes in studies of plant community structure and function. We encourage environmental policymakers to prioritize old-growth grassland conservation and work to elevate the status of old-growth grasslands, alongside old-growth forests, in the public consciousness.

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