scholarly journals Roślinność synantropijna Bolimowskiego Parku Krajobrazowego [The synanthropic vegetation of Bolimów Nature Park]

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 177-210
Author(s):  
Aurelia U. Warcholińska
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Habitat Variability ◽  
Synanthropic Vegetation ◽  
Structure Of Communities ◽  
Nature Park ◽  
Local Habitat

This paper present the result of researches on the synanthropic vegetation of the Bolimów Nature Park. In the study area 25 synanthropic associations and 1 community, of the <em>Secalietea, Chenopodietea, Artemisietea</em> and <em>Planlaginetea</em> classes, were identified. Species richness and the structure of communities were stated on the basis of the published material and field observations. Its phytosociological characteristics and conditions of occurrence arę given. Moreover, local habitat variability and distribution as well as causes of threat and possibility of protection of the associations were presented.

Termite diversity and abundance across fire-induced habitat variability in a tropical moist savanna (Lamto, Central Côte d'Ivoire)

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanvaly Dosso ◽  
Souleymane Konaté ◽  
Daouda Aidara ◽  
K. E. Linsenmair
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Fire History ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Plant Species Richness ◽  
Gallery Forest ◽  
Habitat Variability ◽  
Savanna Woodland ◽  
Species Abundances ◽  
Forest Island

Abstract:At Lamto, little is known about animal community responses to habitat variability resulting from fires and the mosaic pattern of the vegetation in general and in particular about that of termites which play key roles in this ecosystem. With a standardized method, data were collected on termites from four habitats differing in their vegetation cover and fire-history: annually burned savanna, savanna woodland, forest island and gallery forest. A range of environmental variables was measured and correlated with species abundances. The number of termite species collected in the savanna woodland was very close to that found in the gallery forest while the forest island was the richest habitat. The species richness of the savanna woodland and forest island seemed partly due to their heterogeneous and transitional vegetation structures and variable food resources. With regard to the fire-history of habitats, Connell's intermediate disturbance hypothesis offers an explanation for differences in the patterns of habitat-specific species richness. Variation in species abundances was significantly correlated with only two environmental variables (soil pH and woody plant species richness). The pH appeared as the most influential factor for fungus-growers while tree invasion in the savanna strongly reduces the abundance of grass-feeding species (e.g. Trinervitermes geminatus). Although not significantly correlated with species abundances, soil carbon showed a positive correlation with the dominant soil-feeder Basidentitermes potens. As for wood-feeders, they were not strongly correlated with woody plant species richness; this fact might be linked to their use for other sources of nourishment. Overall, it appears that habitat variability in the Lamto reserve contributes to the maintenance of different subsets of the termite community.

scholarly journals Wild Bee Conservation within Urban Gardens and Nurseries: Effects of Local and Landscape Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Egerer ◽  
Jacob Cecala ◽  
Hamutahl Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Landscape Features ◽  
Wild Bee ◽  
Bee Conservation ◽  
Local Habitat

Across urban environments, vegetated habitats provide refuge for biodiversity. Gardens (designed for food crop production) and nurseries (designed for ornamental plant production) are both urban agricultural habitats characterized by high plant species richness but may vary in their ability to support wild pollinators, particularly bees. In gardens, pollinators are valued for crop production. In nurseries, ornamental plants rarely require pollination; thus, the potential of nurseries to support pollinators has not been examined. We asked how these habitats vary in their ability to support wild bees, and what habitat features relate to this variability. In 19 gardens and 11 nurseries in California, USA, we compared how local habitat and landscape features affected wild bee species abundance and richness. To assess local features, we estimated floral richness and measured ground cover as proxies for food and nesting resources, respectively. To assess landscape features, we measured impervious land cover surrounding each site. Our analyses showed that differences in floral richness, local habitat size, and the amount of urban land cover impacted garden wild bee species richness. In nurseries, floral richness and the proportion of native plant species impacted wild bee abundance and richness. We suggest management guidelines for supporting wild pollinators in both habitats.

scholarly journals The value of local habitat heterogeneity and productivity when estimating avian species richness and species of concern

Ecosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Justin Cooper ◽  
William J. McShea ◽  
Tavis Forrester ◽  
David A. Luther
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Habitat Heterogeneity ◽  
Avian Species ◽  
Local Habitat

scholarly journals Carabid community structure in northern China grassland ecosystems: Effects of local habitat on species richness, species composition and functional diversity

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e6197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noelline Tsafack ◽  
François Rebaudo ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Dávid D. Nagy ◽  
Yingzhong Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Characteristics ◽  
Local Habitat

Background Most carabid beetles are particularly sensitive to local habitat characteristics. Although in China grasslands account for more than 40% of the national land, their biodiversity is still poorly known. The aim of this paper is to identify the main environmental characteristics influencing carabid diversity in different types of grassland in northern China. Methods We investigated the influence of vegetation (plant biomass, cover, density, height and species richness), soil (bulk density, above ground litter, moisture and temperature) and climate (humidity, precipitation and temperature) on carabid community structure (species richness, species composition and functional diversity—measured as body size, movement and total diversity) in three types of grasslands: desert, typical and meadow steppes. We used Canonical correspondence analysis to investigate the role of habitat characteristics on species composition and eigenvector spatial filtering to investigate the responses of species richness and functional diversities. Results We found that carabid community structure was strongly influenced by local habitat characteristics and particularly by climatic factors. Carabids in the desert steppe showed the lowest richness and functional diversities. Climate predictors (temperature, precipitation and humidity) had positive effects on carabid species richness at both regional and ecosystem levels, with difference among ecosystems. Plant diversity had a positive influence on carabid richness at the regional level. Soil compaction and temperature were negatively related to species richness at regional level. Climatic factors positively influenced functional diversities, whereas soil temperature had negative effects. Soil moisture and temperature were the most important drivers of species composition at regional level, whereas the relative importance of the various environmental parameters varied among ecosystems. Discussion Carabid responses to environmental characteristics varied among grassland types, which warns against generalizations and indicates that management programs should be considered at grassland scale. Carabid community structure is strongly influenced by climatic factors, and can therefore be particularly sensitive to ongoing climate change.

Chaetogastra cogniauxiana (Melastomataceae), a new Brazilian species from the Chaetogastra gracilis complex

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 511 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
FABRÍCIO SCHMITZ MEYER ◽  
RENATO GOLDENBERG
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
New Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Great Species ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Great Species Richness

Eleven varieties of Tibouchina gracilis were indicated as synonyms of Chaetogastra gracilis in the most recent work on the taxonomy of the genus. However, field observations and a more detailed analysis of herbarium specimens, including the types, led us to the conclusion that two of these varieties represent a single new species. Chaetogastra cogniauxiana is endemic to Brazil, and differs from C. gracilis by the smaller size, 10–70 cm tall (versus 30–120 cm tall in C. gracilis), dendritic-setose to dendritic-strigose hypanthium and bracteoles (vs. dendritic-sericeous hypanthium and bracteoles), and smaller petals, 9.8–13.4 × 8.8–9.1 mm (vs. larger petals, 16.5–21.6 × 11.2–14.8 mm). In this article, we provide a complete description of C. cogniauxiana, and indicate the main morphological differences between C. cogniauxiana and the most closely related species. We also provide comments on taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of this species, photos, illustrations, and a distribution map. This work is part of a monograph of the genus Chaetogastra in Brazil, which showed a great species richness and also the necessity of several taxonomic adjustments.

scholarly journals Temporal species turnover and plant community changes across different habitats in the Lake Engure Nature Park, Latvia

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 68-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solvita Rūsiņa ◽  
Ģertrūde Gavrilova ◽  
Ieva Roze ◽  
Viesturs Šulcs
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Vegetation Dynamics ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Latitudinal Gradients ◽  
Nature Park ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Window Approach ◽  
Temporal Species Turnover

Abstract Simultaneous monitoring of vegetation dynamics in different ecosystems has been rarely conducted but can provide important insights into mechanisms of vegetation dynamics in relation to vegetation structure and patterns. We compared the herb layer dynamics, species turnover, and species-time relationships across different habitats in a 12-year period in the ILTER monitoring station of the Lake Engure Nature Park, Latvia. Temporal species turnover was defined as diference in species composition in a community between two times. Species-time relationships were assessed using a sliding window approach. Species richness, cumulative species richness, and diversity changed more in species-rich non-forest habitats than in forests. Species turnover was highly different among habitats, and was not associated with the stability of habitats, as reported from other studies. The species-time relationship of six habitats was much lower than that reported in the literature. This could be explained by latitudinal gradients in species diversity and temporal turnover. At higher latitudes both species diversity and turnover is lower, and the mentioned habitats represent typical boreal vegetation. Vegetation dynamics in acidic grassland, dune slack, fen, and dune forest were interpreted as fluctuations. Vegetation changes in moist forest, dry forest, and coastal grassland showed clear signs of succession (xerophytisation and overgrowing). Vegetation dynamics of the beach community exhibited features of both natural succession and anthropogenic fluctuation.

scholarly journals Species diversity of bats along an altitudinal gradient on Mount Mulanje, southern Malawi

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Curran ◽  
Mirjam Kopp ◽  
Jan Beck ◽  
Jakob Fahr
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Habitat Structure ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Climate Model ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Bat Diversity ◽  
Local Habitat

Abstract:A climate model, based on effects of water availability and temperature, was recently proposed to explain global variation in bat species richness along altitudinal gradients. Yet such studies are sparse in the tropics and near-absent in Africa. Here we present results from an altitudinal study of bat diversity from Mount Mulanje, Malawi. Using ground nets, canopy nets and harp traps, we sampled eight sites across three habitat zones from 630 m to 2010 m asl. We assessed the influence of climatic, geographic and biotic variables on measures of estimated species richness, Fisher's α, and an unbiased index of compositional turnover. We recorded 723 individuals and 30 species along the gradient, revealing a ‘low plateau’ pattern in estimated species richness, peaking at 1220 m, which is congruent with the global climate model. Measures of local habitat structure significantly explained a large degree of variation in species richness and compositional turnover between sites. Fisher's α was further significantly correlated to mean annual relative humidity, suggesting a background climatic influence.

scholarly journals Increase in abundance and species richness of flies (Diptera, Brachycera) in the Lake Engure Nature Park, Latvia: effects of climate warming?

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 46-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viesturs Melecis ◽  
Aina Karpa ◽  
Kristaps Vilks
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Grassland Management ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Positive Temperature ◽  
Large Herbivores ◽  
Long Term Ecological Research ◽  
Nature Park ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
June July

Abstract The article discusses changes in species richness and numbers of flies (Diptera, Brachycera) in the Lake Engure Nature Park (LENP) during 1995-2012. The study was performed within the framework of the National Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) network of Latvia. During the period of study, a statistically significant increase in positive temperature sums (> 4 °C) was observed at the local meteorological station (R2 = 0.489; P < 0.01). Insects were collected three times per season (June, July, and August) by entomological sweep net from twelve sample plots, which represented a variety of habitats of the LENP - dry xerophytic, mesophytic and humid hygrophytic ones. In total 411 species from 35 families were identified. Dry sample plots showed a statistically significant increase in species richness and/or numbers of flies during the period of study. Humid sample plots did not show any statistically significant trends except for two grassland plots where large herbivores were introduced in 2005 for grassland management purpose. Pooling the data from all sample plots, except those grazed by large herbivores, yielded a statistically significant trend of increase in species richness of flies (R2 = 0.647; P < 0.01). Among the main trophic groups zoophagous species showed the largest number of statistically significant positive trends mostly within the dry sample plots. For several sample plots significant positive correlations were recorded between species richness of zoophagous flies and annual sums of positive temperatures. It was hypothesised that climate warming may have an indirect effect via interaction with other environmental factors such as moisture regime, nitrogen pollution, and vegetation structure.

scholarly journals A checklist of the avian fauna of Chittagong University campus, Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 10325
Author(s):  
M. Tarik Kabir ◽  
M. Farid Ahsan ◽  
M. Mizanur Rahman ◽  
M. Manirul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Potential Habitat ◽  
The Status ◽  
Total Species

Avian composition of the Chittagong University Campus (CUC), Chittagong, Bangladesh was studied through direct field observations between 2007 and 2014.  Two-hundred-and-fifteen species belonging to 63 families were recorded during the study period, which are 33.08% of the country’s total species of birds.  Among the birds, 160 species were resident, 51 migratory and 4 vagrant; of which 101 species were very common, 36 common, 29 uncommon, 22 few and 27 rare.  The status of these birds in CUC has also been compared with the country’s status.  The species richness of birds in the study area reveals that it is a potential habitat for birds, so an urgent step should be taken to conserve this unique habitat in Bangladesh.

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