scholarly journals Taxonomic Evaluation of Hedera crebrescens: A Potentially Invasive Ivy in Central Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enikő Ibolya Major ◽  
Endre György Tóth ◽  
Márta Bényei-Himmer ◽  
Mária Höhn
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Species Specific

Although <em>Hedera </em><em>helix </em>is the only native ivy distributed in Central Europe, other ivy species are cultivated in this region and have horticultural importance, including <em>H. hibernica</em>, <em>H. colchica</em>, and <em>H. azorica</em>. On the basis of morphological, cytological, and phenological studies, a newly identified diploid species of ivy, <em>H. crebrescens </em>Bényei-Himmer &amp; Höhn, was recently described from Hungary. Due to its high reproductive capacity and vigorous growth, this species can be considered a potentially invasive plant that could readily supplant <em>H. helix </em>in its native habitats. To characterize the molecular taxonomic status of <em>H. crebrescens</em>, we conducted a molecular genetic analysis based on five chloroplast and one nuclear DNA regions. Our phylogenetic reconstruction supported the monophyly of <em>Hedera</em>, with a tree topology similar to that previously obtained based on phylogenetic cpDNA analyses. Mediterranean species of ivy were well separated from the remainder of the European species, as well as from Asian species. <em>Hedera </em><em>crebrescens </em>represented a single independent haplotype within the Asian–European cluster, whereas <em>H. helix </em>proved to be polyphyletic. The detected species-specific haplotype and invariability among studied specimens obtained from different geographical locations, provide support for the taxonomical autonomy of <em>H. crebrescens</em>.

A new slipper lobster of the genus Petrarctus Holthuis, 2002 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Scyllaridae) from Southwest coast of India

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4329 (5) ◽  
pp. 477 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHIEN-HUI YANG ◽  
APPUKUTTANNAIR BIJU KUMAR ◽  
TIN-YAM CHAN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Andaman Sea ◽  
Abdominal Somite ◽  
A New Species

A new species of slipper lobster of the genus Petrarctus Holthuis, 2002 was discovered from southwestern India during a survey of deep sea crustaceans. The new species closely resembles P. veliger Holthuis, 2002 from the Andaman Sea and western Pacific but differs mainly in the color marking on abdominal somite I, having a relatively lower cardiac tooth but with better developed tubercles on the abdomen, as well as a differently shaped anterior part of the thoracic sternum. Molecular genetic analysis also confirms the distinct taxonomic status of the new species. To fix the identity of the type species of the genus, a neotype of P. rugosus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) was selected from a recently collected Indian specimen with color and genetic information. 

Photophore counts in the deep-sea commercial shrimp Aristeus alcocki Ramadan, 1938 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Aristeidae), with a revised key to the Indo-West Pacific species of the genus

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4329 (4) ◽  
pp. 392 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIN-YAM CHAN ◽  
APPUKUTTANNAIR BIJU KUMAR ◽  
CHIEN-HUI YANG
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Species Discrimination ◽  
West Pacific ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Fresh Material ◽  
Pacific Species

The availability of abundant fresh material of Aristeus alcocki Ramadan, 1938 from India allowed the evaluation of the variation in the numbers of photophores on the pereiopods in this species, as well as other diagnostic characters for species discrimination. Although the pereiopodal photophore counts in A. alcocki largely overlap with those of A. semidentatus Bate, 1888, it is found that A. alcocki is unique in the Indo-West Pacific species of the genus by the lower end of the cervical carina considerably farther away from the branchiostegal carina. Molecular genetic analysis confirmed the distinct taxonomic status of the six currently known species in this genus from the Indo-West Pacific and a revised key is provided for distinguishing them. 

scholarly journals DNA from mollusc shell: a valuable and underutilised substrate for genetic analyses

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Ferreira ◽  
Rachael Ashby ◽  
Gert-Jan Jeunen ◽  
Kim Rutherford ◽  
Catherine Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Ecological Communities ◽  
Mollusc Shell ◽  
Genetic Analyses ◽  
Perna Canaliculus ◽  
Beach Cast

Mollusc shells are an abundant resource that have been long used to predict the structures of ancient ecological communities, examine evolutionary processes, reconstruct paleoenvironmental conditions, track and predict responses to climatic change, and explore the movement of hominids across the globe. Despite the ubiquity of mollusc shell in many environments, it remains relatively unexplored as a substrate for molecular genetic analysis. Here we undertook a series of experiments using the New Zealand endemic greenshell mussel, Perna canaliculus, to explore the utility of fresh, aged, beach-cast and cooked mollusc shell for molecular genetic analyses. We find that reasonable quantities of DNA (0.002–21.48 ng/mg shell) can be derived from aged, beach-cast and cooked mussel shell and that this can routinely provide enough material to undertake PCR analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear gene fragments. Mitochondrial PCR amplification had an average success rate of 96.5% from shell tissue extracted thirteen months after the animal’s death. A success rate of 93.75% was obtained for cooked shells. Amplification of nuclear DNA (chitin synthase gene) was less successful (80% success from fresh shells, decreasing to 10% with time, and 75% from cooked shells). Our results demonstrate the promise of mollusc shell as a substrate for genetic analyses targeting both mitochondrial and nuclear genes.

Integrative revision of the Iberian species of Coscinia Hübner, [1819] sensu lato and Spiris Hübner, [1819], (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Arctiinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4615 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-449
Author(s):  
RAMON MACIÀ ◽  
RICHARD MALLY ◽  
JOSEP YLLA ◽  
JAVIER GASTÓN ◽  
MANUEL HUERTAS
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Molecular Genetic Data ◽  
Taxonomic Categories

The Iberian species of the genera Coscinia Hübner, [1819] and Spiris Hübner, [1819], as well as three other species from the Mediterranean area, are revised based on morphological and molecular genetic data. Our results suggest the separation into four morphologically and phylogenetically different genera: Coscinia Hübner, [1819], Lerautia Kemal & Koçak, 2006 stat. rev., Sagarriella Macià, Mally, Ylla, Gastón & Huertas gen. nov. and Spiris Hübner, [1819]. We conclude that there are eight species of the Coscinia genus group present in the studied area: Coscinia cribraria (Linnaeus, 1758), Coscinia chrysocephala (Hübner, [1810]) stat. rev., Coscinia mariarosae Expósito, 1991, Sagarriella libyssa caligans (Turati, 1907) comb. nov., Sagarriella romei (Sagarra, 1924) (= romeii sensu auctorum) comb. nov., Spiris striata Hübner, [1819], Spiris slovenica (Daniel, 1939) and Lerautia bifasciata (Rambur, 1832) comb. rev. We consider Coscinia cribraria benderi (Marten, 1957) stat. nov., Coscinia c. rippertii (Boisduval, 1834) and Coscinia c. ibicenca Kobes, 1991 stat. rev. to be subspecies of C. cribraria. COI Barcodes of C. cribraria diverge by up to 7.99%, and the investigated specimens group into six different COI Barcode BINs. Both the phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA and the morphological examination of different specimens corroborate the changes in taxonomic status and justify the proposed taxonomic categories. We present images of adults and genitalia of both sexes, the immature stages of some of the species and the subspecies studied, as well as phylogenetic results from the analysis of genetic data. We also include data on life history, foodplants and geographical distribution. 

Molecular insights into the taxonomic status of Coris atlantica (Pisces: Labridae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 929-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Guillemaud ◽  
Maria L. Cancela ◽  
Pedro Afonso ◽  
Telmo Morato ◽  
Ricardo S. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Analysis ◽  
Rdna Sequence Data ◽  
Likelihood Analysis ◽  
Mitochondrial Rdna

A molecular genetic analysis of Coris julis from different sites in the Mediterranean and the Atlantic and C. atlantica from the Cabo Verde Islands was applied to infer phylogenetic relationships between the taxa. More precisely, partial 12S mitochondrial rDNA sequence data were used in maximum parsimony, neighbour-joining, and maximum likelihood analysis to generate phylogenetic trees. The polymorphism observed indicated an important differentiation between the C. atlantica and C. julis specimens and supported the existence of two different species.

Porcelain crabs of the genera Pachycheles Stimpson and Neopisosoma Haig (Decapoda : Anomura : Porcellanidae): new premises based on molecular data and comments on phylogenetic relationships in the family

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 509
Author(s):  
Ivana Miranda ◽  
Fernando L. Mantelatto
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Significant Advance ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Isthmus Of Panama ◽  
Porcelain Crabs

Porcellanidae Haworth, 1825 is a family of marine anomuran crabs distributed throughout tropical and temperate regions of all the oceans, typically littoral and sublittoral waters, with a considerable diversity of lifestyles, habitats and colouration. Pachycheles Stimpson, 1858 and Neopisosoma Haig, 1960 share, among other morphological characteristics, the fragmentation of the lateral carapace walls. The morphology of this body region was key to supporting the establishment of Neopisosoma, which increased uncertainty about the taxonomic status of these genera due to the high intraspecific variation of this character. Our study reconstructs the phylogenetic relationship between Pachycheles and Neopisosoma based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences to evaluate whether these are valid taxa. While Pachycheles seems to be monophyletic, the position of Neopisosoma mexicanum (Streets, 1871) indicates that the group is polyphyletic, and deserves further investigation. Pachycheles is revealed to be older than Neopisosoma, and likely originated in the Indo-Pacific, later spreading to the American continent during the early Tertiary. Neopisosoma may have arisen much later in the Caribbean Province before the closure of the Isthmus of Panama, explaining its distribution, which is restricted mainly to Central America. The inclusion of a considerable number of species from both genera represents a significant advance in the study of this controversial group. The phylogenetic reconstruction of Pachycheles unveiled clades corroborated by morphology, but also revealed unclear relationships, which may indicate the potential existence of cryptic species.

scholarly journals Heterorhabditis bacteriophora pampean-strain VEli (Nematoda): identification and pathogenicity against the strawberry pest Lobiopa insularis (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Daiana P. Eliceche ◽  
Mariano Nicolás Belaich ◽  
Pablo Daniel Ghiringhelli ◽  
María Fernanda Achinelly
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Buenos Aires Province ◽  
Sap Beetle ◽  
Molecular Genetic Characterization

The pampean region in the Buenos Aires province of Argentina is a major horticultural area. Biological pesticides to control pest insects available in the market are scarce in this country and nonexistent based on entomonematodes. In this paper, we characterized a native entomopathogenic nematode isolated from soil in the pampas, and evaluated its infectivity and reproductive capacity in the strawberry sap beetle Lobiopa insularis. Morphological and molecular-genetic analysis determined this isolate to be a nematode of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, thereafter designated as the VEli strain. A 901-bp genomic-DNA fragment was isolated (GenBank Accesion No KJ575524). The new strain was pathogenic against L. insularis. In 200 ml containers with autoclaved clay soil (100 ml), at concentrations of 1,000; 5,000 and 10, 000 IJs, mortality in larvae ranged from 25 to 77 %. At a concentration of 10,000 IJs, infectivity was higher in larvae and pupae (77 ± 20% and 64 ± 25 %, respectively) than in adults (2.2 ± 1.1 %). The lethal concentration required to kill 50 and 90 % of the larvae (LC50 and LC90) over 10 days was 2,840 and 23,743 IJs. Differences were observed in the parasitism levels and emergence time of IJs between concentrations and stages, although not for production. Heterorhabditis bacteriophora strain VEli is the first entomopathogenic nematode found to infect and kill L. insularis, capable of completing its life cycle in all strawberry sap beetle stages. This availability would enable the establishment and subsequent dispersal of the strain in strawberry fields. Finally, this report constitutes the first presentation of data on the morphological, morphometric, and molecular-genetic characterization of a native entomopathogenic nematode strain from the Buenos Aires province, Argentina.

scholarly journals DNA authentication of brewery products: basic principles and methodological approaches

2019 ◽  
pp. 364-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lev Oganesyants ◽  
Ramil Vafin ◽  
Aram Galstyan ◽  
Anastasia Ryabova ◽  
Sergey Khurshudyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Malting Barley ◽  
Barley Malt

Beer DNA authentication is the process of authentication by identification of barley malt Hordeum vulgare or its substitutes, as well as hops and yeast. The method is based on molecular genetic analysis of residual quantities of nucleic acids extracted from the cellular debris of the final product. The aim of the study was to analyse scientific and methodical approaches to extraction of residual quantities of beer raw materials nucleic acids and beer DNA authentication for their later application in determining brewing products authenticity. The technological level discloses the method of DNA extraction from wines, modified for extraction of nucleic acids from beer samples. The method includes the following characteristic peculiarities: stage enzymatic hydrolysis of polysaccharides and polypeptides of dissolved lyophilisate, multiple sedimentation and resursuspension of nucleoproteid complex, RNA removal followed by DNA extraction by organic solvents, and additional DNA purification by magnetic particle adsorption. This review presents the analysis of genetic targets used as molecular markers for gene identification of malting barley varieties and beer DNA authentication. We also provided the interpretation of PCR analysis of Hordeum vulgare varieties and samples of commercial beer. Data on SSR- and SNP-markers of Hordeum vulgare nuclear DNA, used for barley varieties identification and potentially suitable for beer DNA authentication, are also presented. We also analysed genetic targets used in malting barley substitute detection, as well as hops and yeast identification in beer. Data on correlation of amplified DNA targets with beer quality indicators were systematised.

scholarly journals Ist and IIIrd intron length polymorphism of actin genes as a tool for flax DNA-profiling

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 154-159
Author(s):  
A. S. Postovoitova ◽  
Ya. V. Pirko ◽  
Ya. B. Blume
Keyword(s):  
Length Polymorphism ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Intron Length ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Intron Length Polymorphism ◽  
Actin Genes ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Dna Profiles

Aim. The purpose of the work was to evaluate the possibility of using the polymorphism of the Ist and IIIrd introns of actin genes for DNA plant genotyping using flax varieties as model. Methods. 16 varieties of Ukrainian flax were analyzed. PCR was conducted using self-developed species-specific primers for the Ist and IIIrd introns of flax actin genes. DNA fragments were separated by electrophoresis in a 6% polyacrylamide gel and visualized by silver stains. Results. As a result of the evaluation of the Ist and IIIrd intron length polymorphism of actin genes, the species-specific DNA profiles of 16 flax varieties containing the target amplicons were obtained. The 7 allele phenotypes (PIC = 0.62) were detected for the Ist introns of the actin genes, and 3 allelic phenotypes (PIC = 0.32) for the IIIrd intron of actin genes. The highest level of polymorphism in the flax varieties was detected by evaluating the Ist intron length polymorphism of actin genes. Conclusions. Evaluation of the polymorphism of the Ist and IIIrd introns of actin genes allows genotyping and obtaining DNA profiles of flax varieties, which demonstrates the feasibility of further using both approaches for molecular genetic analysis of plants. Keywords: gene introns, length polymorphism, actin genes, flax (Linum usitatissimum L.).

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF MOLECULAR GENETIC ANALYSIS IN DETECTION OF POTENTIAL IMPORTATION OF ENTEROVIRUS INFECTION IN THE KHABAROVSK REGION

2018 ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
E.Yu. Sapega ◽  
L.V. Butakova ◽  
O.E. Trotsenko ◽  
T.A. Zaitseva ◽  
Yu.A. Garbuz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Enterovirus Infection ◽  
Coxsackievirus B4 ◽  
Asian Pacific Region ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Asian Pacific ◽  
Group B

The unstable epidemiologic situation regarding enterovirus infection against the background of strong international interaction increases the risk of importation of the pathogens in the Russian Federation. The aim of the research was to evaluate the epidemiologic risks of importation of the enterovirus infection in the Khabarovsk region. Molecular epidemiologic analysis was performed for 481 samples obtained from sewage as well as clinical material from patients with enterovirus infection and exposed persons. The phylogenetic reconstruction was performed according with the Bayesian modeling approach. The molecular epidemiologic research has shown that in the Khabarovsk region enteroviruses of group B (Coxsackievirus B4, B5, ECHO 6, ECHO 9, ECHO 30) were dominant. The molecular-clock analysis used in order to evaluate evolutionary distances highlighted the epidemiologic connection between the cases of enterovirus infection diagnosed in the Khabarovsk region and other regions of the Russian Federation, China, Netherlands and India. The study revealed a potential risk of introduction of the following enteroviruses in the Khabarovsk region - Coxsackievirus B4, B5, ECHO 6, ECHO 9, ECHO 30 from countries of the Asian-Pacific Region, Europe and other regions of the Russian Federation.

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