scholarly journals Multilocus DNA analysis supports Didymodon gelidus (Musci, Pottiaceae) as a distinct endemic of the austral polar region

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Ronikier ◽  
Marta Saługa ◽  
Juan A. Jiménez ◽  
Ryszard Ochyra ◽  
Monika Stryjak-Bogacka
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Polar Region ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Leaf Lamina ◽  
Sterile Condition ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Nuclear Its ◽  
The Antarctic

The taxonomic position of the Antarctic subendemic species <em>Didymodon gelidus</em> Cardot is controversial, notably because of its notorious sterile condition. Considering the overall appearance and the reddish coloration of the plants, the leaf areolation, reaction of the leaf lamina with KOH, and the presence of multicellular axillary gemmae, this species was considered to be conspecific with the Holarctic <em>D. brachyphyllus</em> (Sull.) R. H. Zander. As a result, the latter was established as a bipolar species. Recent detailed morphological and anatomical studies have revealed a number of features which enable recognition of <em>D. gelidus</em> and <em>D. brachyphyllus</em>, including the shape of leaves, leaf apices and basal leaf cells, as well as costal anatomy. Here, within a larger-scale project focused on the evolution and biogeographical connections of Antarctic endemic mosses, we analyzed the genetic relationships of <em>D. gelidus</em> and <em>D. brachyphyllus</em> to confront the morphology-based conclusions. We selected five geographically distinct collections per species and applied a multilocus DNA analysis based on nuclear (ITS) and plastid (<em>atpIH</em>, <em>trnLF</em>, <em>trnG</em>, <em>rps4</em>) sequences to assess the genetic differentiation of these two taxa. We also placed their lineages in a wider phylogenetic context using an extended sampling of <em>Didymodon</em> taxa and select other representatives of Pottiaceae. Our results showed a clear genetic differentiation of the Southern Hemisphere (<em>D. gelidus</em>) and Northern Hemisphere (<em>D. brachyphyllus</em>) plants. Moreover, the phylogenetic analysis showed that <em>D. gelidus</em> formed a strongly supported clade on its own which was distantly related to <em>D. brachyphyllus</em>. Accordingly, the two taxa do not represent geographical vicariants. <em>Didymodon gelidus</em> must be considered a distinct endemic species of the austral polar region, having its optimal occurrence in the Antarctic and weakly penetrating northward to South Georgia and Îles Kerguelen in the Subantarctic. The relatively isolated phylogenetic position of <em>D. gelidus</em> likely suggests its old age.

Paepalanthus fabianeae (Eriocaulaceae): A New Microendemic Species from a Morphologically Coherent Clade

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 794-801
Author(s):  
Caroline Oliveira Andrino ◽  
Marcelo Fragomeni Simon ◽  
Jair Eustáquio Quintino Faria ◽  
André Luiz da Costa Moreira ◽  
Paulo Takeo Sano
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Infrageneric Classification ◽  
Espinhaço Range ◽  
Nuclear Its ◽  
Two Populations

Abstract—We describe and illustrate Paepalanthus fabianeae, a new species of Eriocaulaceae from the central portion of the Espinhaço Range in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Previous phylogenetic evidence based on analyses of nuclear (ITS and ETS) and plastid (trnL-trnF and psba-trnH) sequences revealed P. fabianeae as belonging to a strongly supported and morphologically coherent clade containing five other species, all of them microendemic, restricted to the Espinhaço range. Due to the infrageneric classification of Paepalanthus being highly artificial, we preferred not assigning P. fabianeae to any infrageneric group. Paepalanthus fabianeae is known from two populations growing in campos rupestres (highland rocky fields) in the meridional Espinhaço Range. The species is characterized by pseudodichotomously branched stems, small, linear, recurved, and reflexed leaves, urceolate capitula, and bifid stigmas. Illustrations, photos, the phylogenetic position, and a detailed description, as well as comments on habitat, morphology, and affinities with similar species are provided. The restricted area of occurrence allied with threats to the quality of the habitat, mainly due to quartzite mining, justifies the preliminary classification of the new species in the Critically Endangered (CR) category using the guidelines and criteria of the IUCN Red List.

scholarly journals Gone with the currents: lack of genetic differentiation at the circum-continental scale in the Antarctic krill Euphausia superba

BMC Genetics ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Bortolotto ◽  
Ann Bucklin ◽  
Massimo Mezzavilla ◽  
Lorenzo Zane ◽  
Tomaso Patarnello
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Antarctic Krill ◽  
Euphausia Superba ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Antarctic Krill Euphausia Superba

scholarly journals Reproductive performance of the Antarctic tardigrades, Acutuncus antarcticus (Eutardigrada: Hypsibiidae), revived after being frozen for over 30 years and of their offspring

2019 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 839-847
Author(s):  
Megumu Tsujimoto ◽  
Hiroshi Kagoshima ◽  
Hiroshi Kanda ◽  
Kenichi Watanabe ◽  
Satoshi Imura
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Genetic Types ◽  
Genetic Sequences ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Generation Offspring

Abstract Studies on the long-term survival of animals often focus on the specific instance of survival of animals only, and descriptions of subsequent reproduction are generally not reported. In this study, we recorded the reproductive performance of the first-generation offspring of the resuscitated individual (SB-1) and the hatchling of the resuscitated egg (SB-3) of the Antarctic tardigrade, Acutuncus antarcticus, after being frozen for 30.5 years. By providing further detailed description of the reproduction of SB-1 and SB-3 after revival, and then comparing the reproductive performance with that of their first-generation offspring, the possible indications of the damage accrued during the long-term preservation in SB-1 and SB-3 were more specifically detected. Additionally, the DNA analysis revealed two distinctively different mitochondrial genetic sequences of A. antarcticus between the SB strains and the LSW strain. The observed differences in some of the reproductive parameters between the two genetic types suggested a possible relationship between the life-history traits and genetic type in the species A. antarcticus. Further experiments using the SB-1 and SB-3 strains reared for a long period to exclude the instant effect of preservation are expected to improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the long-term survival of animals.

Species boundaries in the Rana arfaki group (Anura: Ranidae) and phylogenetic relationships to other New Guinean Rana

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2496 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHEN C. DONNELLAN ◽  
KEN P. APLIN ◽  
TERRY BERTOZZI
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
The North ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Digital Disc ◽  
High Level ◽  
North And South ◽  
Central Cordillera

Allozyme electrophoresis is used to explore molecular genetic relationships within the Rana arfaki group and between this group and selected lineages of New Guinean Rana. Rana jimiensis is confirmed as a species distinct from R. arfaki and its range in Papua New Guinea is extended to the Southern Highlands Province and the north-coastal ranges in Sandaun Province. Rana arfaki and R. jimiensis show a high level of genetic differentiation maintained across a wide geographic area and show consistent morphological differences in head shape, tympanum size, degree of digital disc dilation and extent of sexual dimorphism. The two species occur syntopically on the Papuan Plateau, Southern Highlands Province, and are regionally sympatric in Sandaun Province. The observed level of genetic differentiation is equivalent to that reported previously between regionally sympatric members of the Rana papua group. Populations of R. jimiensis from north and south of the central cordillera show no obvious morphological and only minor genetic differentiation. In contrast, R. arfaki shows considerable geographic variation in both morphology and allozymes and may include two or more regionally distinctive forms.

scholarly journals Ozone Chemistry during the 2002 Antarctic Vortex Split

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 860-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens-Uwe Grooß ◽  
Paul Konopka ◽  
Rolf Müller
Keyword(s):  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Polar Region ◽  
Polar Vortex ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Lagrangian Model ◽  
Chemical Effect ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Antarctic Polar Vortex ◽  
The Antarctic

Abstract In September 2002, the Antarctic polar vortex was disturbed, and it split into two parts caused by an unusually early stratospheric major warming. This study discusses the chemical consequences of this event using the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS). The chemical initialization of the simulation is based on Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) measurements. Because of its Lagrangian nature, CLaMS is well suited for simulating the small-scale filaments that evolve during this period. Filaments of vortex origin in the midlatitudes were observed by HALOE several times in October 2002. The results of the simulation agree well with these HALOE observations. The simulation further indicates a very rapid chlorine deactivation that is triggered by the warming associated with the split of the vortex. Correspondingly, the ozone depletion rates in the polar vortex parts rapidly decrease to zero. Outside the polar vortex, where air masses of midlatitude origin were transported to the polar region, the simulation shows high ozone depletion rates at the 700-K level caused mainly by NOx chemistry. Owing to the major warming in September 2002, ozone-poor air masses were transported into the midlatitudes and caused a decrease of midlatitude ozone by 5%–15%, depending on altitude. Besides this dilution effect, there was no significant additional chemical effect. The net chemical ozone depletion in air masses of vortex origin was low and did not differ significantly from that of midlatitude air, in spite of the different chemical composition of the two types of air masses.

Phylogenetic position, taxonomy, distribution, and conservation status of the rare and poorly-known Noccaea rosularis, the generic type of Masmenia (Brassicaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 344 (2) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
BARIŞ ÖZÜDOĞRU
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Generic Type ◽  
Taxonomical Status ◽  
Nuclear Its

The taxonomical status of the poorly known Anatolian endemic Noccaea rosularis (generic type of Masmenia) is revised. Inadequate description and distribution of this species are also updated and a new IUCN treat category is suggested based on comprehensive field collections and observations. Additionally in the light of the nuclear ITS based phylogeny, the phylogenetic position and generic affinities of this species with Callothlaspi and Pseudosempervivum is discussed combining morphological data.

Genetic diversity and differentiation in populations of Japanese stone pine (Pinuspumila) in Japan

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1454-1462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Tani ◽  
Nobuhiro Tomaru ◽  
Masayuki Araki ◽  
Kihachiro Ohba
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Stone Pine ◽  
Arithmetic Means ◽  
Pair Group

Japanese stone pine (Pinuspumila Regel) is a dominant species characteristic of alpine zones of high mountains. Eighteen natural populations of P. pumila were studied in an effort to determine the extent and distribution of genetic diversity. The extent of genetic diversity within this species was high (HT = 0.271), and the genetic differentiation among populations was also high (GST = 0.170) compared with those of other conifers. In previous studies of P. pumila in Russia, the genetic variation within the species was also high, but the genetic differentiation among populations was low. We infer that this difference originates from differences in geographic distribution and ecological differences between the two countries. The genetic variation within each population tended, as a whole, to be smaller within marginal southern populations than within northern populations. Genetic relationships among populations reflect the geographic locations, as shown by unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means and neighbor-joining phylogenetic trees.

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