scholarly journals The effects of methanesulfonic acid on seed germination and morphophysiological changes in the seedlings of two Colobanthus species

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Koc ◽  
Janusz Wasilewski ◽  
Piotr Androsiuk ◽  
Wioleta Kellmann-Sopyła ◽  
Katarzyna Joanna Chwedorzewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Methanesulfonic Acid ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Antarctic Species ◽  
Colobanthus Quitensis ◽  
The Antarctic

The effect of methanesulfonic acid (MSA) on the morphophysiology and biochemistry of the subantarctic species <em>Colobanthus apetalus</em> and the Antarctic species <em>Colobanthus quitensis</em> was examined. We evaluated the effects of various concentrations of MSA on the germination capacity and germination rate of seeds, seedling growth, chlorophyll fluorescence in cotyledons, and the proline content of seedlings under laboratory conditions at temperatures of 20°C (day) and 10°C (night) with a 12/12 h photoperiod. The examined <em>C. apetalus</em> seeds were grown in a greenhouse, and <em>C. quitensis</em> seeds were harvested in Antarctica and grown in a greenhouse (Olsztyn, Poland). The seeds of <em>C. apetalus</em> were characterized by the highest germination capacity and the highest germination rate, whereas <em>C. quitensis</em> seedlings were characterized by the most favorable growth and development. Only the highest concentrations of MSA decreased the intensity of chlorophyll fluorescence in the cotyledons of both <em>Colobanthus</em> species. The proline content of <em>C. apetalus</em> and <em>C. quitensis</em> seedlings increased significantly after MSA treatments. The results of this study clearly indicated that <em>Colobanthus quitensis</em> is more resistant to chemical stress induced by MSA. This is a first study to investigate the influence of MSA on the morphophysiology and biochemistry of higher plants.

scholarly journals Cytochrome respiration pathway and sulphur metabolism sustain stress tolerance to low temperature in the Antarctic species Colobanthus quitensis

2019 ◽  
Vol 225 (2) ◽  
pp. 754-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
María José Clemente‐Moreno ◽  
Nooshin Omranian ◽  
Patricia Sáez ◽  
Carlos María Figueroa ◽  
Néstor Del‐Saz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Sulphur Metabolism ◽  
Antarctic Species ◽  
Colobanthus Quitensis ◽  
The Antarctic

Plant hormones, plant growth regulators

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (26) ◽  
pp. 1011-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
György Végvári ◽  
Edina Vidéki
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Wide Sense ◽  
Large Scale Integration ◽  
Scale Integration ◽  
And Function

Plants seem to be rather defenceless, they are unable to do motion, have no nervous system or immune system unlike animals. Besides this, plants do have hormones, though these substances are produced not in glands. In view of their complexity they lagged behind animals, however, plant organisms show large scale integration in their structure and function. In higher plants, such as in animals, the intercellular communication is fulfilled through chemical messengers. These specific compounds in plants are called phytohormones, or in a wide sense, bioregulators. Even a small quantity of these endogenous organic compounds are able to regulate the operation, growth and development of higher plants, and keep the connection between cells, tissues and synergy beween organs. Since they do not have nervous and immume systems, phytohormones play essential role in plants’ life. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(26), 1011–1018.

Field observations on growth and development of Morchella rotunda and Mitrophora semilibera in relation to forest soil temperature

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 589-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Buscot
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Upper Rhine

In the upper Rhine forests, ascocarps of Morchella rotunda (Pers.) Boudier and Mitrophora semilibera (DC.) Lév. develop at the expense of preexisting subterranean mycelial structures (connective mycelium and mycelial muffs) associated with higher plants. Field data correlate the initial extent of springtime reheating of soil with ascocarp maturation and suggest that mycelial muffs may be storage and resistance structures formed as early as the summer preceding the spring fruiting. This suggests morels are biennial.

scholarly journals A missing source of aerosols in Antarctica – beyond long-range transport, phytoplankton, and photochemistry

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Giordano ◽  
Lars E. Kalnajs ◽  
Anita Avery ◽  
James D. Goetz ◽  
Sean M. Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfate ◽  
Methanesulfonic Acid ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Aerosol Sampling ◽  
Austral Spring ◽  
The Antarctic

Abstract. Understanding the sources and evolution of aerosols is crucial for constraining the impacts that aerosols have on a global scale. An unanswered question in atmospheric science is the source and evolution of the Antarctic aerosol population. Previous work over the continent has primarily utilized low resolution aerosol filters (coupled with off-line ion chromatography) to answer questions about Antarctic aerosols. Bulk aerosol sampling has been useful in identifying seasonal cycles in the aerosol populations, especially in populations that have been attributed to Southern Ocean phytoplankton emissions. However, real-time, high resolution chemical composition data is necessary to identify the mechanisms and exact timing of changes in the Antarctic aerosol populations. The recent 2ODIAC (2-Season Ozone Depletion and Interaction with Aerosols Campaign) field campaign saw the first ever deployment of a real-time, high resolution aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS or AMS) to the continent. Data obtained from the AMS, and a suite of other aerosol, gas-phase, and meteorological instruments, are presented here. In particular, this manuscript focuses on the aerosol population over coastal Antarctica and the evolution of that population in Austral Spring. Results indicate that there exists a sulfate mode in Antarctica that is externally mixed to the rest of the aerosol population with a mass mode vacuum aerodynamic diameter of 250 nm. Springtime increases in sulfate aerosol are observed and attributed to biogenic sources, in agreement with previous research identifying phytoplankton activity as the source of the aerosol. Furthermore, the total Antarctic aerosol population is shown to undergo three distinct phases during the winter to summer transition. The first phase is dominated by highly aged sulfate particles comprising the majority of the aerosol population at low wind speed. The second phase, previously unidentified, is the generation of a sub-250 nm aerosol population of unknown composition. The second phase appears as a transitional phase during the extended polar sunrise. The third phase is marked by an increased importance of biogenically-derived sulfate to the total aerosol population (photolysis of dimethyl sulfate and methanesulfonic acid [DMS and MSA]). The increased importance of MSA is identified both through the direct, real-time measurement of aerosol MSA and through the use of positive matrix factorization on the sulfur containing ions in the high-resolution mass spectral data. Given the importance of sub-250 nm particles, the aforementioned second phase suggests that early Austral spring is the season where new particle formation mechanisms are likely to have the largest contribution to the aerosol population in Antarctica.

scholarly journals Asymmetric responses to simulated global warming by populations of Colobanthus quitensis along a latitudinal gradient

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian S. Acuña-Rodríguez ◽  
Cristian Torres-Díaz ◽  
Rasme Hereme ◽  
Marco A. Molina-Montenegro
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Latitudinal Gradient ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Colobanthus Quitensis ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
Foliar Traits ◽  
The Antarctic

The increase in temperature as consequence of the recent global warming has been reported to generate new ice-free areas in the Antarctic continent, facilitating the colonization and spread of plant populations. Consequently, Antarctic vascular plants have been observed extending their southern distribution. But as the environmental conditions toward southern localities become progressively more departed from the species’ physiological optimum, the ecophysiological responses and survival to the expected global warming could be reduced. However, if processes of local adaptation are the main cause of the observed southern expansion, those populations could appear constrained to respond positively to the expected global warming. Using individuals from the southern tip of South America, the South Shetland Islands and the Antarctic Peninsula, we assess with a long term experiment (three years) under controlled conditions if the responsiveness of Colobanthus quitensis populations to the expected global warming, is related with their different foliar traits and photoprotective mechanisms along the latitudinal gradient. In addition, we tested if the release of the stress condition by the global warming in these cold environments increases the ecophysiological performance. For this, we describe the latitudinal pattern of net photosynthetic capacity, biomass accumulation, and number of flowers under current and future temperatures respective to each site of origin after three growing seasons. Overall, was found a clinal trend was found in the foliar traits and photoprotective mechanisms in the evaluated C. quitensis populations. On the other hand, an asymmetric response to warming was observed for southern populations in all ecophysiological traits evaluated, suggesting that low temperature is limiting the performance of C. quitensis populations. Our results suggest that under a global warming scenario, plant populations that inhabiting cold zones at high latitudes could increase in their ecophysiological performance, enhancing the size of populations or their spread.

scholarly journals Introduction. Antarctic ecology: from genes to ecosystems. Part 2. Evolution, diversity and functional ecology

2007 ◽  
Vol 362 (1488) ◽  
pp. 2187-2189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex D Rogers ◽  
Eugene J Murphy ◽  
Nadine M Johnston ◽  
Andrew Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Functional Ecology ◽  
Antarctic Species ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Genes To Ecosystems ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
The Antarctic

The Antarctic biota has evolved over the last 100 million years in increasingly isolated and cold conditions. As a result, Antarctic species, from micro-organisms to vertebrates, have adapted to life at extremely low temperatures, including changes in the genome, physiology and ecological traits such as life history. Coupled with cycles of glaciation that have promoted speciation in the Antarctic, this has led to a unique biota in terms of biogeography, patterns of species distribution and endemism. Specialization in the Antarctic biota has led to trade-offs in many ecologically important functions and Antarctic species may have a limited capacity to adapt to present climate change. These include the direct effects of changes in environmental parameters and indirect effects of increased competition and predation resulting from altered life histories of Antarctic species and the impacts of invasive species. Ultimately, climate change may alter the responses of Antarctic ecosystems to harvesting from humans. The unique adaptations of Antarctic species mean that they provide unique models of molecular evolution in natural populations. The simplicity of Antarctic communities, especially from terrestrial systems, makes them ideal to investigate the ecological implications of climate change, which are difficult to identify in more complex systems.

Calcium/Calmodulin Affects Microtubule Stability in Lysed Protoplasts

1991 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-317
Author(s):  
RICHARD J. CYR
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Microtubule Stability ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Cycle Dependent ◽  
Carrot Protoplasts

Microtubules (Mts) are found in four distinct arrays appearing sequentially in a cell-cycle-dependent fashion within the cells of higher plants. Additionally, the cortical Mts of non-cycling cells are spatially altered in a variety of differentiated states. Information regarding the molecular details underlying these Mt-reorientation events in plant cells is scarce. Moreover, it is unclear how cytoskeletal behavior integrates with the myriad of other cellular activities that are altered concomitantly in both differentiating and cycling cells. Data are presented herein to indicate that calcium, in the form of a Ca2+/calmodulin complex, can alter the behavior of Mts in lysed carrot protoplasts. Mechanistically, we show that Ca2+/calmodulin most likely interacts with Mts via associations with microtubule associated pro- teins (MAPS). These results are discussed with reference to how Ca2+ may alter the dynamic behavior of Mts during growth and development.

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