scholarly journals Significance of stigma receptivity in intergeneric cross-pollination of Salix × Populus

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Zenkteler ◽  
Maria Katarzyna Wojciechowicz ◽  
Łukasz Zarychta
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Crossing Experiments ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Reproductive Process ◽  
Intergeneric Cross ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Stigma Surface

The pollen–stigma interaction plays an important role in reproductive process and has been continuously studied in many interspecific and intergeneric crossing experiments. The aim of this study was to investigate stigma receptivity (SR) of willow in order to determine the most suitable period for its pollination with poplar pollen and improve the effectiveness of <em>Salix × Populus</em> crosses. Tissue samples were examined histologically using light, epifluorescent, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. Willow SR was determined by stigma morphological traits, test of pollen germination rate, Peroxtesmo test of peroxidase and esterase activity on stigma surface as well as papilla ultrastructure at anthesis. We have ascertained that the SR duration in willow is short, lasting from 1 to 2 DA. The poplar pollen germination rate on willow stigmas on 1 DA ranged from 26.3 to 11.2%.

Testing the accuracy of using peroxidase activity to indicate stigma receptivity

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candace Galen ◽  
R. C. Plowright
Keyword(s):  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Age Class ◽  
Stigma Surface ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Flower Age ◽  
Adhesion Rate ◽  
Pedicularis Canadensis

Stigma peroxidase activity was tested in flowers of Pedicularis canadensis and Clintonia borealis at discrete age-classes during the course of anthesis. For recipient flowers of each age-class pollen adhesion, rate of pollen germination, and total number of grains germinating on stigmas were scored following hand-pollination. In P. canadensis, the onset of detectable peroxidase activity occurred at the transition from the juvenile to pollen-dehiscing age-class. Concurrently, the stickiness of the stigma surface and total number of grains germinating on the stigma increased significantly. Stigma peroxidase was present to some degree throughout anthesis in C. borealis. However, the percentage of the stigma surface in which peroxidase was detectable increased significantly between straight-sided and medium-curled flower age-classes. Again, corresponding increases occurred in the stickiness of the stigma surface and total number of grains germinating. Results suggest that for both species stigma peroxidase activity is a reliable indicator of receptivity.

scholarly journals Using Colchicine to Create Poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima × Euphorbia cornastra) Mutants with Various Morphological Traits

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1667-1672 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Chun Pan ◽  
Ya-Fen Lu ◽  
Pei-Jung Wen ◽  
Yen-Ming Chen
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Mutagenic Treatment ◽  
Time Treatment ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Morphological Mutation

Commercially available novel cultivars of poinsettia, obtained through interspecific hybridization, were subject to colchicine-based mutagenesis to recover their fertility, enabling subsequent breeding. Mutagenic treatment was conducted at different concentrations of colchicine with either lanolin or cotton serving as the matrix. The results indicated that 1 day was the optimal duration of colchicine treatment and that suitable colchicine concentration varied by cultivar. Moreover, one-time treatment gave higher rates of both polyploidy and morphological mutant production than two-times treatment. Specifically, the poinsettia cultivars Dulce Rosa (5 mg·g−1 colchicine with lanolin; 10 mg·mL−1 colchicine with cotton) and Princettia-Hot Pink (15 mg·g−1 colchicine with lanolin; 10 mg·mL−1 colchicine with cotton) yielded relatively high polyploidy production efficiency and morphological mutation rate. Consequently, a total of three polyploidy mutants of ‘Dulce Rosa’ and 19 polyploidy mutants of ‘Princettia-Hot Pink’ were obtained. Both cultivars had mutants with recovered fertility, with pollen germination rate of up to 27.5%. Moreover, unexpected non-polyploidy mutants with various morphological trait variations were also obtained.

Microprobe analysis of inclusion bodies related to two benzofuran derivatives

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 672-673
Author(s):  
T. L. Benning ◽  
P. Ingram ◽  
J. D. Shelburne
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
High Dose ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Dense Inclusion ◽  
Melanin Complex

Two benzofuran derivatives, chlorpromazine and amiodarone, are known to produce inclusion bodies in human tissues. Prolonged high dose chlorpromazine therapy causes hyperpigmentation of the skin with electron-dense inclusion bodies present in dermal histiocytes and endothelial cells ultrastructurally. The nature of the deposits is not known although a drug-melanin complex has been hypothesized. Amiodarone may also cause cutaneous hyperpigmentation and lamellar lysosomal inclusion bodies have been demonstrated within the cells of multiple organ systems. These lamellar bodies are believed to be the product of an amiodarone-induced phospholipid storage disorder. We performed transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis (EDXA) on tissue samples from patients treated with these drugs, attempting to detect the sulfur atom of chlorpromazine and the iodine atom of amiodarone within their respective inclusion bodies.A skin biopsy from a patient with hyperpigmentation due to prolonged chlorpromazine therapy was fixed in 4% glutaraldehyde and processed without osmium tetroxide or en bloc uranyl acetate for Epon embedding.

Hepatocyte ultrastructural alterations in perimetastatic areas

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 768-769
Author(s):  
H. J. Finol ◽  
M. E. Correa ◽  
L.A. Sosa ◽  
A. Márquez ◽  
N.L. Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Tumor ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Pancreas Carcinoma ◽  
Duct Carcinoma ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Primary Malignant Tumor ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Remote Sites

In classical oncological literature two mechanisms for tissue aggression in patients with cancer have been described. The first is the progressive invasion, infiltration and destruction of tissues surrounding primary malignant tumor or their metastases; the other includes alterations produced in remote sites that are not directly affected by any focus of disease, the so called paraneoplastic phenomenon. The non-invaded tissue which surrounds a primary malignant tumor or its metastases has been usually considered a normal tissue . In this work we describe the ultrastructural changes observed in hepatocytes located next to metastases from diverse malignant tumors.Hepatic biopsies were obtained surgically in patients with different malignant tumors which metatastized in liver. Biopsies included tumor mass, the zone of macroscopic contact between the tumor and the surrounding tissue, and the tissue adjacent to the tumor but outside the macroscopic area of infiltration. The patients (n = 5), 36–75 years old, presented different tumors including rhabdomyosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, pancreas carcinoma, biliar duct carcinoma and colon carcinoma. Tissue samples were processed with routine techniques for transmission electron microscopy and observed in a Hitachi H-500 electron microscope.

scholarly journals Jujube Phenology, Pollen Germination, and Two Unique Germplasm Resources in New Mexico

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengrui Yao
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Germplasm Resources ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Science Center ◽  
Genomic Study ◽  
Wide Range

Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) originated in China and grows well in a wide range of areas in the United States, especially the southwest. New Mexico State University’s Sustainable Agriculture Science Center has imported and collected over 50 jujube cultivars and conducted a series of jujube-related research projects. In this study, jujube phenology and pollen germination in New Mexico were investigated and two unique germplasm resources were reported. Jujubes leafed out 4–8 weeks later than most pome and stone fruits and bloomed 2–3 months later than apricots, peaches, and apples. It can avoid late frosts in most years in northern New Mexico and, thus, produce a crop more reliably than traditional fruit crops in the region. For the 48 cultivars tested for pollen germination, the germination rates ranged from 0% to 75% depending on the cultivar and year. ‘September Late’ had the highest pollen germination rate each year among all cultivars tested from 2012 to 2014, whereas ‘GA866’, ‘Maya’, and ‘Sherwood’ had the lowest. ‘Zaocuiwang’ was the first reported male-sterile jujube cultivar in the United States, and this character was consistent from year to year and, thus, it would be a valuable cultivar for jujube breeding. Cultivar Yu had pseudo-flowers which never bloomed or set fruit. It would be a useful germplasm as special landscape trees or for genomic study of jujube flowering-related genes.

scholarly journals Can Selenium and Molybdenum Restrain Cadmium Toxicity to Pollen Grains in Brassica napus?

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 2163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa Ismael ◽  
Ali Elyamine ◽  
Yuan Zhao ◽  
Mohamed Moussa ◽  
Muhammad Rana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Physiological Level ◽  
The Impact

Cadmium (Cd) is highly toxic, even at very low concentrations, to both animals and plants. Pollen is extremely sensitive to heavy metal pollutants; however, less attention has been paid to the protection of this vital part under heavy metal stress. A pot experiment was designed to investigate the effect of foliar application of Se (1 mg/L) and Mo (0.3 mg/L) either alone or in combination on their absorption, translocation, and their impact on Cd uptake and its further distribution in Brassica napus, as well as the impact of these fertilizers on the pollen grains morphology, viability, and germination rate in B. napus under Cd stress. Foliar application of either Se or Mo could counteract Cd toxicity and increase the plant biomass, while combined application of Se and Mo solutions on B. napus has no significant promotional effect on plant root and stem, but reduces the seeds’ weight by 10–11%. Se and Mo have decreased the accumulated Cd in seeds by 6.8% and 9.7%, respectively. Microscopic studies, SEM, and pollen viability tests demonstrated that pollen grains could be negatively affected by Cd, thus disturbing the plant fertility. Se and Mo foliar application could reduce the toxic symptoms in pollen grains when the one or the other was sprayed alone on plants. In an in vitro pollen germination test, 500 μM Cd stress could strongly inhibit the pollen germination rate to less than 2.5%, however, when Se (10 μM) or Mo (1.0 μM) was added to the germination medium, the rate increased, reaching 66.2% and 39.4%, respectively. At the molecular level, Se and Mo could greatly affect the expression levels of some genes related to Cd uptake by roots (IRT1), Cd transport (HMA2 and HMA4), Cd sequestration in plant vacuoles (HMA3), and the final Cd distribution in plant tissue at the physiological level (PCS1).

scholarly journals Storage of Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida L.) Pollen

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H. Craddock ◽  
S.M. Reed ◽  
S.E. Schlarbaum ◽  
R.J. Sauve
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Cornus Florida ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
In Vitro Pollen Germination ◽  
Flowering Dogwood ◽  
Significant Temperature ◽  
Series Of Experiments

A series of experiments was conducted with flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.) to evaluate in vitro pollen germination both prior to and following storage at various temperatures. For all experiments, pollen was germinated on an agar-solidified medium containing 20% sucrose. Collection method had a significant effect on germination of `Cherokee Chief', `Cherokee Princess', and `Cloud 9' pollen. Pollen obtained from anthers that had been collected prior to dehiscence and allowed to air-dry for 24 hours had a higher germination rate than did pollen that had undergone a desiccation treatment. None of the treated pollen tested, however, had a germination rate >25% of that of freshly collected pollen. The deleterious effect of dehydration could not be reversed by rehydration. Pollen germination was tested after 1, 4, 7, and 108 days at 5, –20, and –196 °C. Pollen stored at –196 and at –20 °C had a better germination rate than that stored at 5 °C. Germination was not significantly affected by length of storage, nor was there any significant temperature × length of storage interaction.

scholarly journals Synthesis, characterization of blue fluorescent carbon nanoparticle and its in-vitro toxicity evaluation

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1442-1449
Author(s):  
K.S. Kumar ◽  
◽  
P.K. Gayathri ◽  
H. Khandelwal ◽  
K.K. Prashanth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide ◽  
Seedling Germination ◽  
Cytotoxic Studies

Aim: The present study aimed to synthesize and characterize carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) from a new precursor and to evaluate its effect on the viability of healthy seeds and cell lines. Methodology: The CNPs were synthesized by acid assisted carbonization of carbohydrate and its characteristics such as size, fluorescence property and purity of samples were evaluated for confirmation. Cytotoxic studies were performed in MCF 10a cell lines using 3-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay whereas the phytotoxic assay was conducted by using scallions and Indian pearl millet. Results: Transmission electron microscope (TEM) results showed that nano-sized CNPs [10-40 nm] were synthesized and its characteristic peaks were observed in Ultraviolet (UV) and fluorescence spectrum. The Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDAX) analysis confirmed the presence of carbon and oxygen without any impurities. It was non-cytotoxic for healthy MCF 10a cell lines and did not affect the germination rate of Indian pearl millets at higher concentrations. In both toxicity studies, the viability of cells and plants was >95% even after exposure to a high concentration of CNPs. Interpretation: The non-cytotoxic and non-phytotoxic nature of CNPs implies that it does not affect the growth of plants, seedling germination and healthy cell lines. It can be considered as a compatible and safe material for MCF 10a cell lines and plants.

scholarly journals Intracellular S. aureus in Osteoblasts in a Clinical Sample from a Patient with Chronic Osteomyelitis—A Case Report

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1064
Author(s):  
Nike Walter ◽  
Daniel Mendelsohn ◽  
Christoph Brochhausen ◽  
Markus Rupp ◽  
Volker Alt
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Osteomyelitis ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Intracellular Bacteria ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Pathophysiological Role ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope Analysis ◽  
Electron Microscope Analysis ◽  
First Time

The pathophysiological role of intracellular bacteria in osteomyelitis is still a matter of debate. Here, we demonstrate for the first time the presence of Staphylococcus aureus internalized into osteoblasts in human tissue samples of a case with a chronic osteomyelitis using ultrastructural transmission electron microscope analysis.

scholarly journals The Application of Paraphenylenediamine Staining for Assessment of Phospholipidosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 1160-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norimitsu Shirai ◽  
Frank J. Geoly ◽  
Walter F. Bobrowski ◽  
Carlin Okerberg
Keyword(s):  
Study Drug ◽  
Tissue Preparation ◽  
Lamellar Bodies ◽  
Intracellular Accumulation ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Unsaturated Lipids ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Fine Granular Material

Drug-induced phospholipidosis is characterized by intracellular accumulation of phospholipids with lamellar bodies in cells exposed to xenobiotics. Demonstration of the lamellar bodies by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is the hallmark for a definitive diagnosis of phospholipidosis. However, the preparation of tissue samples for TEM and their ultrastructural evaluation are technically challenging and time consuming. Paraphenylenediamine (PPD) is essentially a fat stain, and the staining mechanism is based upon the osmication of unsaturated lipids. Thus, the application of PPD staining to osmicated tissue samples is considered an optimal way to identify lipids. We evaluated the potential of PPD staining to localize phospholipid accumulations on osmium-fixed semi-thin tissue sections of the lung, kidney, and liver, which were affected with phospholipidosis, under a light microscope. PPD staining revealed the presence of PPD positive dark fine granular material in the cytoplasm for all affected tissues examined, which correlated ultrastructurally with lamellar bodies as well as a light microscopic finding of cytoplasmic vacuolation. The great advantage of PPD is that it can be incorporated into the protocol for standard TEM tissue preparation and significantly improve the efficiency of TEM work. In conclusion, PPD provides a simple, sensitive, and reliable method for visualizing phospholipid accumulation on light microscopy and represents an easy tool to study drug-induced phospholipidosis.

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