scholarly journals Influence of abiotic stress during soybean germination followed by recovery on the phenolic compounds of radicles and their antioxidant capacity

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylwia Swigonska ◽  
Ryszard Amarowicz ◽  
Angelika Król ◽  
Agnieszka Mostek ◽  
Anna Badowiec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Stress Recovery ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Post Stress

Abiotic stress factors are among the major causes of lower crop yields. It is known, that in response to cold and/or osmotic stress, crops activate various defense mechanisms, including morphological, physiological and metabolic adaptations. Secondary metabolism, especially phenolic compounds, seem to be an important factor of stress-induced metabolic re-engineering as their levels are alternated by abiotic stress in plants. Despite the fact, that the nature and function of phenolic compounds was already studied in various plant species, it is important to define tissue-specific changes induced by two most potent abiotic stressors – low temperature and decreased water potential. Moreover, in fields, the appearance of single stress is rather rare. Usually two or more factors are acting in parallel, which may potentially result in different effects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze selected elements of secondary metabolism in roots of germinating soybean seeds under cold stress, osmotic stress and both stresses combined. In addition the effects of constant and persistent stress were compared to those induced by sudden and brief stress appearance, as well as after the post-stress recovery process. In the presented study standard methods for identification and quantification of phenolic acids and isoflavones were used and the antioxidant capacity of the radicle extracts was measured. The phenolic metabolism in plants was greatly intensified in response to cold and osmotic stress and remained at high level during the post-stress recovery. The amount and composition of both phenolic acids and identified isoflavones also changed in stress- and duration-dependent manner. This proves an important role of phenolic compounds in abiotic stress response of germinating soybean seeds and opens up new perspectives for further investigations.

scholarly journals Effect of osmotic stress and post-stress recovery on the content of phenolics and properties of antioxidants in germinating seeds of grapevine Vitis californica

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanisław Weidner ◽  
Wioletta Brosowska-Arendt ◽  
Wojciech Szczechura ◽  
Magdalena Karamać ◽  
Agnieszka Kosińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Stress Recovery ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Germinating Seeds ◽  
Post Stress

The tested material consisted of grapevine <em>Vitis californica</em> stratified seeds germinated under optimum conditions (+25°C in water), under osmotic stress (-0.2 MPa in PEG solution) and submitted to recovery after stress (+25°C in water). The germinating seeds were determined to contain tannins, catechins and the following phenolic acids: gallic, caffeic, <em>p</em>-coumaric and ferulic. The acids occurred in free, ester- and glycoside-bound forms. The dominant form of phenolic acids was the ester-bound fraction. Gallic acid was the most abundant phenolic acid in germinating seeds, while ferulic acid appeared in the smallest amounts. Our analysis of tannins demonstrated that osmotic stress depressed their concentration. Presence of catechin group compounds such as catechin and epicatechin was also determined. In each sample epicatechin was dominant. The total concentration of catechin increased under stress conditions and declined during post-stress recovery. Catechins are a constituent of tannins and their increase under osmotic stress is most probably caused by the breakdown of some tannins in seeds germinating under stress conditions. Samples submitted to osmotic stress were also found to contain less of total phenolic compounds, whereas in samples which underwent post-stress recovery the total level of phenolic compounds increased. Compared to extracts from seeds germinating under optimum conditions, osmotic stress depressed the capacity of extract to scavenge DPPH<sup>●</sup> (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS<sup>●+</sup> – 2,2-Azino-bis (3-etylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) free radicals, but the antioxidant activity rose in seeds submitted to recovery after stress. Positive correlation was therefore demonstrated between the total content of phenolic acids in germinating grapevine seeds and the reducing power of extracts obtained from these seeds and their free radical scavenging activity. The results suggest that osmotic stress inhibits the activity of antioxidizing enzymes in germinating grapevine seeds. Thus, the antioxidative defence system is largely blocked under osmotic stress. It seems that a very high oxidoreductive potential in grapevine tissues prior to occurrence of osmotic stress is essential for maintaining proper homeostasis of oxidation and reduction reactions.

scholarly journals Screening and Characterization of Phenolic Compounds and Their Antioxidant Capacity in Different Fruit Peels

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafiz A. R. Suleria ◽  
Colin J. Barrow ◽  
Frank R. Dunshea
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Mango Peel

Fruit peels have a diverse range of phytochemicals including carotenoids, vitamins, dietary fibres, and phenolic compounds, some with remarkable antioxidant properties. Nevertheless, the comprehensive screening and characterization of the complex array of phenolic compounds in different fruit peels is limited. This study aimed to determine the polyphenol content and their antioxidant potential in twenty different fruit peel samples in an ethanolic extraction, including their comprehensive characterization and quantification using the LC-MS/MS and HPLC. The obtained results showed that the mango peel exhibited the highest phenolic content for TPC (27.51 ± 0.63 mg GAE/g) and TFC (1.75 ± 0.08 mg QE/g), while the TTC (9.01 ± 0.20 mg CE/g) was slightly higher in the avocado peel than mango peel (8.99 ± 0.13 mg CE/g). In terms of antioxidant potential, the grapefruit peel had the highest radical scavenging capacities for the DPPH (9.17 ± 0.19 mg AAE/g), ABTS (10.79 ± 0.56 mg AAE/g), ferric reducing capacity in FRAP (9.22 ± 0.25 mg AA/g), and total antioxidant capacity, TAC (8.77 ± 0.34 mg AAE/g) compared to other fruit peel samples. The application of LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS tentatively identified and characterized a total of 176 phenolics, including phenolic acids (49), flavonoids (86), lignans (11), stilbene (5) and other polyphenols (25) in all twenty peel samples. From HPLC-PDA quantification, the mango peel sample showed significantly higher phenolic content, particularly for phenolic acids (gallic acid, 14.5 ± 0.4 mg/g) and flavonoids (quercetin, 11.9 ± 0.4 mg/g), as compared to other fruit peel samples. These results highlight the importance of fruit peels as a potential source of polyphenols. This study provides supportive information for the utilization of different phenolic rich fruit peels as ingredients in food, feed, and nutraceutical products.

scholarly journals Schisandra rubriflora Plant Material and In Vitro Microshoot Cultures as Rich Sources of Natural Phenolic Antioxidants

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 488
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Szopa ◽  
Michał Dziurka ◽  
Sebastian Granica ◽  
Marta Klimek-Szczykutowicz ◽  
Paweł Kubica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Plant Materials

Schisandra rubriflora is a dioecious, underestimated medicinal plant species known from traditional Chinese medicine. The present study was aimed at characterising the polyphenolic profile composition and the related antioxidant capacity of S. rubriflora fruit, stem and leaf and in vitro microshoot culture extracts. Separate analyses of material from female and male specimens were carried out. This study was specifically aimed at detailed characterisation of the contribution of phenolic compounds to overall antioxidant activity using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector coupled to electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS3) and a high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Using UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS3, twenty-seven phenolic compounds from among phenolic acids and flavonoids were identified. Concentrations of three phenolic acids (neochlorogenic, chlorogenic and cryptochlorogenic acids) and eight flavonoids (hyperoside, rutoside, isoquercitrin, guaijaverin, trifolin, quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin) were determined using HPLC-DAD using reference standards. The highest total phenolic content was confirmed for the stem and leaf extracts collected in spring. The contents of phenolic compounds of in vitro biomasses were comparable to that in the fruit extracts. The methanolic extracts from the studied plant materials were evaluated for their antioxidant properties using various in vitro assays, namely free radicals scavenging estimation using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) as well as QUick, Easy, New, CHEap, and Reproducible CUPRAC (QUENCHER-CUPRAC) assays. A close relationship between the content of polyphenolic compounds in S. rubriflora and their antioxidant potential has been documented.

scholarly journals LC-ESI-QTOF/MS Characterization of Phenolic Compounds from Medicinal Plants (Hops and Juniper Berries) and Their Antioxidant Activity

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiafei Tang ◽  
Frank R. Dunshea ◽  
Hafiz A. R. Suleria
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) and juniper berries (Juniperus communis L.) are two important medicinal plants widely used in the food, beverage, and pharmaceutical industries due to their strong antioxidant capacity, which is attributed to the presence of polyphenols. The present study is conducted to comprehensively characterize polyphenols from hops and juniper berries using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray-ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF/MS) to assess their antioxidant capacity. For polyphenol estimation, total phenolic content, flavonoids and tannins were measured, while for antioxidant capacity, three different antioxidant assays including the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) antioxidant assay, the 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical cation decolorization assay and the ferric reducing-antioxidant power (FRAP) assay were used. Hops presented the higher phenolic content (23.11 ± 0.03 mg/g dw) which corresponded to its strong antioxidant activity as compared to the juniper berries. Using LC-ESI-QTOF/MS, a total of 148 phenolic compounds were tentatively identified in juniper and hops, among which phenolic acids (including hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids and hydroxyphenylpropanoic acids) and flavonoids (mainly anthocyanins, flavones, flavonols, and isoflavonoids) were the main polyphenols, which may contribute to their antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, the HPLC quantitative analysis showed that both samples had a high concentration of phenolic acids and flavonoids. In the HPLC quantification, the predominant phenolic acids in hops and juniper berries were chlorogenic acid (16.48 ± 0.03 mg/g dw) and protocatechuic acid (11.46 ± 0.03 mg/g dw), respectively. The obtained results highlight the importance of hops and juniper berries as a rich source of functional ingredients in different food, beverage, and pharmaceutical industries.

Novel insights into the Citrus sinensis nonhost response suggest photosynthesis decline, abiotic stress networks and secondary metabolism modifications

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas D. Daurelio ◽  
M. Laura Tondo ◽  
M. Soledad Romero ◽  
Paz Merelo ◽  
Adriana A. Cortadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Citrus Canker ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Shock Proteins

Plants are constantly exposed to stress factors. Biotic stress is produced by living organisms such as pathogens, whereas abiotic stress by unfavourable environmental conditions. In Citrus species, one of the most important fruit crops in the world, these stresses generate serious limitations in productivity. Through biochemical and transcriptomic assays, we had previously characterised the Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck nonhost response to Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Doidge), in contrast to Asiatic citrus canker infection caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Hasse). A hypersensitive response (HR) including changes in the expression of several transcription factors was reported. Here, a new exhaustive analysis of the Citrus sinensis transcriptomes previously obtained was performed, allowing us to detect the over-representation of photosynthesis, abiotic stress and secondary metabolism processes during the nonhost HR. The broad downregulation of photosynthesis-related genes was correlated with an altered photosynthesis physiology. The high number of heat shock proteins and genes related to abiotic stress, including aquaporins, suggests that stresses crosstalk. Additionally, the secondary metabolism exhibited lignin and carotenoid biosynthesis modifications and expression changes in the cell rescue GSTs. In conclusion, novel features of the Citrus nonhost HR, an important part of the plants’ defence against disease that has yet to be fully exploited in plant breeding programs, are presented.

scholarly journals Soluble free phenolic compound contents and antioxidant capacity of bread and durum wheat genotypes

Genetika ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sladjana Zilic ◽  
Vesna Hadzi-Taskovic-Sukalovic ◽  
Dejan Dodig ◽  
Vuk Maksimovic ◽  
Vesna Kandic
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Bound Phenolics

The objective of this study was to determine phenolic compounds and the total antioxidant capacity in the grain of ten bread (T. aestivum L.) and ten durum (T. durum Desf.) wheat genotypes. Soluble free forms of total phenolics, flavonoids, PVPP (polyvinylpolypyrrolidone) bound phenolics, proanthocyanidins and phenolic acids were investigated. In addition, the correlation coefficients between total antioxidant capacities and the concentration of different soluble free phenolic compounds, as well as between soluble free total phenolics and phenolic acids, flavonoids and PVPP bound phenolics were determined. Significant differences in the content of aceton/water extractable total phenolics, PVPP bound phenolics and phenolic acids between and within two wheat species were found. On the average, durum wheat samples had about 1.19-fold higher total phenolic compounds and about 1.5-fold higher PVPP bound phenolics than bread wheat samples. Three phenolic acids, ferulic, caffeic and chlorogenic, were detected in wholemeal bread wheat. Caffeic acid was not found in durum wheat samples whilst ferulic acid was the most abundant. Proanthocyanidins in bread and durum wheat genotypes were not detected. The antioxidant capacity measured as the DPPH radical scavenging activity was similar in wholemeal of bread and durum wheat, however, significant differences were observed among genotypes within species.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF ABIOTIC STRESS FACTORS ON THE HYDRATION OF PLANT TISSUES OF SEDUM HYBRIDUM L. (AIZOPSIS HYBRIDA (L.) GRULICH)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. Terletskaya ◽  
T.N. Kobylina ◽  
Zh.A. Kenzhebayeva
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Adaptive Effect

Genus Sedum (family Crassulaceae) - succulents adapted to lack of moisture. Morphophysiological reactions of immature Sedum hybridum L. (Aizopsis hybrida (L.) Grulich) plants to stressful conditions of water scarcity, salinization and low positive temperatures are described. The high resistance of plants to the studied stress effects is shown. The tendency of the dynamics of the highest moisture loss by plants of the control group and the lowest by plants cultivated at PEG–6000 at a concentration of 200 mmol/l was noted, which indicates the adaptive effect of this level of osmotic stress on Sedum hybridum plants. To obtain a completely dry Sedum hybridum mass for various physiological experiments, it is necessary to maintain the plant material at a temperature of 105⸰ C, with at least 40 hours.

scholarly journals Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy as a Possible Rapid Tool to Evaluate Abiotic Stress Effects on Pineapple By-Products

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (19) ◽  
pp. 4141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana I. Santos ◽  
M. Joana Neiva Correia ◽  
Maria Margarida Mateus ◽  
Jorge A. Saraiva ◽  
António A. Vicente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
By Products ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy is a physicochemical technique based on the vibrations of a molecule energized by infrared radiation at a specific wavelength range. Abiotic stresses can induce the production of secondary metabolites, increasing bioactivity. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the impact of heat treatments on the bioactivity of pineapple by-products, and whether FT-IR analysis allows understanding of the changes imparted by abiotic stress. The by-products were treated at 30, 40, and 50 °C for 15 min, followed by storage at 5 ± 1 °C for 8 and 24 h. Lyophilized samples were characterized for total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity and analyzed by FT-IR. Thermal treatments at 50 °C reduced the content of phenolic compounds (21–24%) and antioxidant capacity (20–55%). Longer storage time (24 h) was advantageous for the shell samples, although this effect was not demonstrated for the core samples. The principal components analysis (PCA) model developed with the spectra of the pineapple shell samples showed that the samples were grouped according to their total phenolic compounds content. These results allow the conclusion to be drawn that FT-IR spectroscopy is a promising alternative to the conventional chemical analytical methodologies for phenolic and antioxidant contents if there are significant differences among samples.

Organic acids, sugars, phenolic compounds, and some horticultural characteristics of black and white mulberry accessions from Eastern Anatolia

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Kenan Gecer ◽  
Meleksen Akin ◽  
Muttalip Gundogdu ◽  
Sadiye Peral Eyduran ◽  
Sezai Ercisli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Mulberry

Mulberries, Morus spp., grow in different growing regions of Turkey with a high diversity providing an opportunity to select superior accessions. The goal of the study was to determine the differences in phytochemical components and horticultural characteristics between white and black mulberry accessions in the Igdir province. Fruits of black and white mulberries collected from Igdir province were assayed for various horticultural characteristics including berry width, berry length, berry weight, and berry peduncle length. Samples were also assayed for vitamin C, organic acids (citric, tartaric, malic, succinic, and fumaric), sugars (glucose and fructose), phenolic acids (catechin, rutin, quercetin, chlorogenic, ferulic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric, caffeic, syringic, vanillic, and gallic acids), and antioxidant capacity [Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay]. Differences (P < 0.05) were noted between accessions in berry length and berry weight. Malic acid was found to be the predominant organic acid regardless of species. Rutin (for black mulberry) and chlorogenic acid (for white mulberry) were the predominant phenolic acids. Black mulberry had higher glucose and fructose content than white mulberry. Analysis showed that black mulberry had higher content of tartaric acid, malic acid, TEAC, fructose, glucose, catechin, rutin, quercetin, o-coumaric acid, and caffeic acid compared with white mulberry (P < 0.01); however, white mulberry had higher content of succinic acid, vitamin C, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, syringic acid, and gallic acid (P < 0.01). Our results provide a reference for further studies of mulberry fruits in detection of organic acids, sugars, antioxidant capacity, and phenolic compounds. Also, it is clear that we need standardized testing, extraction, and analysis protocols to compare genotypes grown in different countries.

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