scholarly journals ISSR analysis points to relict character of Aconitum bucovinense Zapał. (Ranunculaceae) at the range margin

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Boroń ◽  
Joanna Zalewska-Gałosz ◽  
Agnieszka Sutkowska ◽  
Bogdan Zemanek ◽  
Józef Mitka
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Peripheral Populations ◽  
Marginal Populations ◽  
Issr Analysis ◽  
The Core ◽  
Eastern Carpathians ◽  
Scale Population

<p><em>Aconitum bucovinense</em>, a high-mountain species endemic to the Eastern and Southern Carpathians, including the Apuseni Mountains, is legally protected and classified in the Polish Red Data Book of Plants. It attains its NW geographical range in two peripheral populations in the Western Bieszczady Mountains (Polish Eastern Carpathians), isolated by a distance of 13.1 km. PCR-ISSR analysis has been used to elucidate the within- and among-populational levels of species genetic diversity. A UPGMA and block clustering showed discreteness of the populations and subpopulations based on ISSR banding pattern. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) revealed significant divergence (<em>P </em>= 0.024) of the two marginal populations and highly significant (<em>P </em>&lt; 0.001) differentiation of subpopulations within populations. The theta index calculated for the two marginal populations and the core population in the Carpathians was 0.131 ±0.030 S.D. Most of the population-genetic diversity indices of the mar­ginal populations were not different from those in the core area but the Shannon’s and rarity indices were lower in the marginal populations. It seems that founder effect and subsequent genetic bottleneck resulted in a fine-scale population genetic structure. The marginal populations under study need a relevant recovery program to maintain their genetic diversity.</p>

scholarly journals Genetic melting pot and importance of long-distance dispersal indicated in the Gladiolus imbricatus L. populations in the Polish Carpathians

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Sutkowska ◽  
Józef Mitka ◽  
Tomasz Warzecha ◽  
Jakub Bunk ◽  
Julia Rutkowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Western Carpathians ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Genetic Stock ◽  
Melting Pot ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Eastern Carpathians

AbstractThe genetic diversity in 11 populations of Gladiolus imbricatus in five mountain ranges, including the Tatra, Pieniny, Gorce, Beskid Niski (Western Carpathians) and Bieszczady Mts (Eastern Carpathians), was studied with inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. The species is a perennial plant occurring in open and semi-open sites of anthropogenic origin (meadows and forest margins). We checked a hypothesis on the microrefugial character of the plant populations in the Pieniny Mts, a small calcareous Carpathian range of complicated relief that has never been glaciated. Plant populations in the Tatra and Pieniny Mts had the highest genetic diversity indices, pointing to their long-term persistence. The refugial vs. the non-refugial mountain ranges accounted for a relatively high value of total genetic variation [analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), 14.12%, p = 0.003]. One of the Pieniny populations was of hybridogenous origin and shared genetic stock with the Tatra population, indicating there is a local genetic melting pot. A weak genetic structuring of populations among particular regions was found (AMOVA, 4.5%, p > 0.05). This could be an effect of the frequent short-distance and sporadic long-distance gene flow. The dispersal of diaspores between the remote populations in the Western Carpathians and Eastern Carpathians could be affected by the historical transportation of flocks of sheep from the Tatra to Bieszczady Mts.

scholarly journals Fine-Scale Population Genetic Structure and Within-Tree Distribution of Mating Types of Venturia effusa, Cause of Pecan Scab in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 1326-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive H. Bock ◽  
Carolyn A. Young ◽  
Katherine L. Stevenson ◽  
Nikki D. Charlton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Asexual Reproduction ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
The United States ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Scale Population

Scab (caused by Venturia effusa) is the major disease of pecan in the southeastern United States. There is no information available on the fine-scale population genetic diversity or the occurrence of clonal types at small spatial scales that provides insight into inoculum sources and dispersal mechanisms, and potential opportunity for sexual reproduction. To investigate fine-scale genetic diversity, four trees of cultivar Wichita (populations) were sampled hierarchically: within each tree canopy, four approximately evenly spaced terminals (subpopulations) were selected and up to six leaflets (sub-subpopulations) were sampled from different compound leaves on each terminal. All lesions (n = 1 to 8) on each leaflet were sampled. The isolates were screened against a panel of 29 informative microsatellite markers and the resulting multilocus genotypes (MLG) subject to analysis. Mating type was also determined for each isolate. Of 335 isolates, there were 165 MLG (clonal fraction 49.3%). Nei’s unbiased measure of genetic diversity for the clone-corrected data were moderate to high (0.507). An analysis of molecular variance demonstrated differentiation (P = 0.001) between populations on leaflets within individual terminals and between terminals within trees in the tree canopies, with 93.8% of variance explained among isolates within leaflet populations. Other analyses (minimum-spanning network, Bayesian, and discriminant analysis of principal components) all indicated little affinity of isolate for source population. Of the 335 isolates, most unique MLG were found at the stratum of the individual leaflets (n = 242), with similar total numbers of unique MLG observed at the strata of the terminal (n = 170), tree (n = 166), and orchard (n = 165). Thus, the vast majority of shared clones existed on individual leaflets on a terminal at the scale of 10s of centimeters or less, indicating a notable component of short-distance dispersal. There was significant linkage disequilibrium (P < 0.001), and an analysis of Psex showed that where there were multiple encounters of an MLG, they were most probably the result of asexual reproduction (P < 0.05) but there was no evidence that asexual reproduction was involved in single or first encounters of an MLG (P > 0.05). Overall, the MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 idiomorphs were at equilibrium (73:92) and in most populations, subpopulations, and sub-subpopulations. Both mating types were frequently observed on the same leaflet. The results provide novel information on the characteristics of populations of V. effusa at fine spatial scales, and provide insights into the dispersal of the organism within and between trees. The proximity of both mating idiomorphs on single leaflets is further evidence of opportunity for development of the sexual stage in the field.

scholarly journals Geographical Gradients of Genetic Diversity and Differentiation among the Southernmost Marginal Populations of Abies sachalinensis Revealed by EST-SSR Polymorphism

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Kitamura ◽  
Kentaro Uchiyama ◽  
Saneyoshi Ueno ◽  
Wataru Ishizuka ◽  
Ikutaro Tsuyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Distribution Center ◽  
Population History ◽  
Peripheral Populations ◽  
Abies Sachalinensis ◽  
Marginal Populations ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Longitudinal Gradients

Research Highlights: We detected the longitudinal gradients of genetic diversity parameters, such as the number of alleles, effective number of alleles, heterozygosity, and inbreeding coefficient, and found that these might be attributable to climatic conditions, such as temperature and snow depth. Background and Objectives: Genetic diversity among local populations of a plant species at its distributional margin has long been of interest in ecological genetics. Populations at the distribution center grow well in favorable conditions, but those at the range margins are exposed to unfavorable environments, and the environmental conditions at establishment sites might reflect the genetic diversity of local populations. This is known as the central-marginal hypothesis in which marginal populations show lower genetic variation and higher differentiation than in central populations. In addition, genetic variation in a local population is influenced by phylogenetic constraints and the population history of selection under environmental constraints. In this study, we investigated this hypothesis in relation to Abies sachalinensis, a major conifer species in Hokkaido. Materials and Methods: A total of 1189 trees from 25 natural populations were analyzed using 19 EST-SSR loci. Results: The eastern populations, namely, those in the species distribution center, showed greater genetic diversity than did the western peripheral populations. Another important finding is that the southwestern marginal populations were genetically differentiated from the other populations. Conclusions: These differences might be due to genetic drift in the small and isolated populations at the range margin. Therefore, our results indicated that the central-marginal hypothesis held true for the southernmost A. sachalinensis populations in Hokkaido.

scholarly journals Population Genetic Structure Reveals Two Lineages of Amynthas triastriatus (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) in China, with Notes on a New Subspecies of Amynthas triastriatus

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1538
Author(s):  
Yan Dong ◽  
Jibao Jiang ◽  
Zhu Yuan ◽  
Qi Zhao ◽  
Jiangping Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Divergence Time ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Structure Study ◽  
Divergence Time Estimates ◽  
Quaternary Glaciation

Amynthas triastriatus (Oligochaete: Megascolecidae) is a widely distributed endemic species in Southern China. To shed light on the population genetic diversity and to elucidate the population differentiation and dispersal of A. triastriatus, a population genetic structure study was undertaken based on samples from 35 locations collected from 2010 to 2016. Two exclusive lineages within A. triastriatus—lineage A and lineage B—were revealed. Lineage A was mainly distributed at high altitudes while lineage B was mainly distributed at low altitudes in Southeast China. The genetic diversity indices indicated that the populations of A. triastriatus had a strong genetic structure and distinct dispersal histories underlying the haplogroups observed in this study. Combined with morphological differences, these results indicated a new cryptic subspecies of A. triastriatus. Lineage A was almost degenerated to parthenogenesis and lineage B had a trend to parthenogenesis, which suggested that parthenogenesis could be an internal factor that influenced the differentiation and dispersal of A. triastriatus. The divergence time estimates showed that A. triastriatus originated around Guangxi and Guangdong provinces and generated into two main lineages 2.97 Ma (95%: 2.17–3.15 Ma) at the time of Quaternary glaciation (2.58 Ma), which suggested that the Quaternary glaciation may have been one of main factors that promoted the colonization of A. triastriatus.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity in westernmost European populations of Halimione verrucifera (M. Bieb.) Aellen

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 2541-2547
Author(s):  
MIHNEA VLADIMIRESCU ◽  
◽  
IOANA CĂTĂLINA PAICA ◽  
CRISTIAN BANCIU ◽  
GABRIEL MIHAI MARIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Marginal Populations ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Population Survival

Halimione verrucifera – an extreme halophyte plant species spread mainly in Asia with a few locations in South Eastern Europe – have the westernmost marginal populations in Romania. In order to asses population fitness and conservation status, genetic diversity among and within population was estimated using ISSR markers.A set of 6 primers were utilized after selection from a primer set which showed clear and reproducible banding patterns, generating a total number of 86 loci. A presence/absence matrix was generated by evaluating the gel electrophoresis banding patterns of PCR products. From this, genetic distances between individuals and populations were calculated, which were used in all subsequent generation of genetic diversity indices, assuming the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Result revealed a low expected heterozygosity for both populations. Further testing by constructing an UPGMA dendrogram and a PCoA analysis confirmed that populations are clearly separated and with levels of genetic diversity that could ensure population survival in time and space.

scholarly journals An ISSR analysis on population genetic diversity of the relict plant Ginkgo biloba

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-287
Author(s):  
QIU Ying-Xiong ◽  
GE Yong-Qi ◽  
DING Bing-Yang ◽  
FU Cheng-Xin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Issr Analysis ◽  
Population Genetic Diversity

KERAGAMAN GENETIK INDUK UDANG WINDU DI PERAIRAN SELATAN PANGANDARAN DAN BINUANGEUN, JAWABARAT

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratu Siti Aliah
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Gene Locus ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Brood Stock ◽  
Population Genetic Diversity ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Mtdna Diversity

An evaluation of the Black Tiger Brood Stock (Penaeus monodon) genetic diversity of Pangandaran and Binuangeun was conducted by using the mtDNA diversity of two gene locus of CO I and 12S rRNA to understand their population genetic diversity. The result show that the brood stock of Pangandaran has 17 haplotipe, while from Binuangeun has 13 haplotipe. The result indicated that the genetic diversity of the Balck Tiger brood stock of Pangandaran was higher than thatBinuangeun.Key words : Genetic diversity, Black Tiger brood stock, Pangandaran, Binuangeun

Genetic Diversity and Relationship of Tea Germplasm in Yunnan Revealed by ISSR Analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben-Ying LIU ◽  
You-Yong LI ◽  
Yi-Chun TANG ◽  
Li-Yuan WANG ◽  
Hao CHENG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Issr Analysis ◽  
Relationship Of
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