scholarly journals Modelling of habitat conditions by self-organizing feature maps using relations between soil, plant chemical properties and type of basaltoides

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Kosiba ◽  
Andrzej Stankiewicz ◽  
Lucyna Mróz
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Feature Maps ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Plant Chemical ◽  
Chemical Properties Of Soils ◽  
Lower Silesia

The paper shows the use of Kohonen's network for classification of basaltoides on the base of chemical properties of soils and <em>Polypodium vulgare</em> L. The study area was Lower Silesia (Poland). The archival data were: chemical composition of types of basaltoides from 89 sites (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, CaO, FeO, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, K2O, MgO, MnO, Na<sub>2</sub>O, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, SiO<sub>2</sub> and TiO<sub>2</sub>), elements contents in soils (Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, S, Ti and Zn) and leaves of <em>P. vulgare</em> (Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, N, Ni, P, Pb, S, Ti and Zn) from 20 sites. Descriptive statistical parameters of soils and leaves chemical properties have been shown, statistical analyses using ANOVA and relationships between chemical elements were carried out, and SOFM models have been constructed. The study revealed that the ordination of individuals and groups of neurons in topological maps of plant and soil chemical properties are similar. The constructed models are related with significantly different contents of elements in plants and soils. These models represent different chemical types of soils and are connected with ordination of types of basaltoides worked out by SOFM model of TAS division. The SOFM appeared to be a useful technique for ordination of ecological data and provides a novel framework for the discovery and forecasting of ecosystem properties.

scholarly journals Assessment of habitat conditions using Self-Organizing Feature Maps for reintroduction/introduction of Aldrovanda vesiculosa L. in Poland

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
Piotr Kosiba ◽  
Lucyna Mróz ◽  
Ryszard Kamiński
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Feature Maps ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Topological Map ◽  
Water Properties ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Self Organizing

The study objects were <em>Aldrovanda vesiculosa</em> L., an endangered species and fifty five water sites in Poland. The aim of the present work was to test the Self-Organizing Feature Map in order to examine and predict water properties and type of trophicity for restoration of the rare plant. Descriptive statistical parameters have been calculated, analysis of variance and cluster analysis were carried out and SOFM model has been constructed for analysed sites. The results of SOFM model and cluster analysis were compared. The study revealed that the ordination of individuals and groups of neurons in topological map of sites are similar in relation to dendrogram of cluster analysis, but not identical. The constructed SOFM model is related with significantly different contents of chemical water properties and type of trophicity. It appeared that sites with <em>A. vesiculosa</em> are predominantly distrophic and eutrophic waters shifted to distrophicity. The elevated model showed the sites with chemical properties favourable for restoration the species. Determined was the range of ecological tolerance of the species in relation to habitat conditions as stenotopic or relatively stenotopic in respect of the earlier accepted eutrophic status. The SOFM appeared to be a useful technique for ordination of ecological data and provides a novel framework for the discovery and forecasting of ecosystem properties constituting a validation of the SOFM method in this type of studies.

scholarly journals Soil Heterogeneity Reflected in Biogeography of Beech Forests in the Borderland Between the Bohemian Massif and the Outer Western Carpathians

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Samec ◽  
Aleš Kučera ◽  
Klement Rejšek
Keyword(s):  
Bohemian Massif ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Soil Heterogeneity ◽  
Western Carpathians ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Outer Western Carpathians ◽  
Chemical Properties Of Soils

AbstractSoil environment characteristics naturally affect the biogeographical classification of forests in central Europe. However, even on the same localities, different systems of vegetation classification de-scribe the forest types according to the naturally dominant tree species with different accuracy. A set of 20 representative natural beech stands in the borderland between the Bohemian Massif (Hercyni-an biogeographical subprovince) and the Outer Western Carpathians (Westcarpathian subprovince) was selected in order to compare textural, hydrostatic, physico-chemical and chemical properties of soils between the included geomorphological regions, bioregions and biotopes. Differences in the soils of the surveyed beech stands were mainly due to volume weight and specific weight, maximum capillary capacity (MCC), porosity, base saturation (BS), total soil nitrogen (N

scholarly journals Self-Organizing Feature Maps and selected conventional numerical methods for assessment of environmental quality

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Kosiba
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Biological Indicator ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Feature Maps ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Significant Differentiation ◽  
Environmental Status ◽  
Tar Spot

The investigations concerned sites of <em>Acer platanoides</em> L. infected or not by <em>Rhytisma aceriniu</em> (Pers.) Fr. The aim of the study was to check the occurrence of <em>R. acerinium</em>, and whether it reflects the environmental status. Furthermore, an analysis was carried out to find out whether the applied SOFM offers additional advantages to solve problems in relation to conventional methods. Concentrations of selected elements in soils and leaves, and leaf and "tar-spot" morphometric traits were also measured. A significant differentiation was found between sites in relation to the analyzed traits. It appeared, that sites showing lower concentrations of chemical elements and proper developmental habitat conditions massive infections take place. The study showed that <em>R. acerinium</em> is a good biological indicator for assessment of environmental status. The applied, conventional statistical methods, SOFM and image techniques showed similar, but not identical results for assessment of environmental quality using <em>R. acerinium</em>. SOFM appeared to be more useful for ordination of results and ought to be taken into account as a proper tool of estimation of various plants and their biotopes.

scholarly journals Post-pyrogenic changes in the properties of grey forest podzolic soils of ecogeosystems of pine forests under conditions of anthropogenicloading

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Asotskyi ◽  
Y. Buts ◽  
O. Kraynyuk ◽  
R. Ponomarenko
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Exchange Cations ◽  
Chemical Properties Of Soils ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This article presents the analysis of results of experimental data of postpyrogenic change of soils of ecological systems of pine forests.Ground fires transform the surface organogenic horizons of soils. The negative influence of low-intensity fires of different intensity on the change of humus stock, qualitative fractional composition of organogenic soil horizons and their chemical composition is shown.Post-pyrogenic transformations of physical and chemical soil characteristics are found, which are not simply their corresponding reaction to the pyrogenic effect, but a clear signal reflecting the state of the soil immediately after the fire, taking into account its strength and intensity, and after a certain period of time. There is a certain dependence of the degree of pyrogenicity on the duration of the effect of fire on the soil. The recent influence of a medium intensity fire on the soil is marked by a clear reaction of the complex of its properties.Physical and chemical properties of soils after fires deteriorate: humus burns, the content of nitrate nitrogen decreases.Forest fires sharply change the morphological state of the upper part of the soil profile. The nature of the surface horizons of soils changes, a new pyrogenic horizon is formed, which differs from natural analogues in terms of physical and chemical properties and the content of ash elements. Under the influence of fire there are changes in such properties as: pH, content of exchange cations, gross and moving forms of nitrogen, etc.The heavy metal concentration in surface horizons increases several times and exceeds the background values due to the mineralization of forest litter and herbaceous vegetation from the combustion and subsequent migration of chemical elements , which presents an environmental hazard.The change in the chemical composition of soils can create conditions for the impossibility of the existence of a root ecosystem, its death, and development, after a certain time, of another modified ecogeosystem.

scholarly journals Characterization and Classification of Soils and Water in Major Irrigated Lands of Lake Abaya Chamo Basin.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gezimu Gelu ◽  
alemnesh gelu gezimu ayza ◽  
Chanako dane
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Irrigated Lands ◽  
Chemical Properties Of Soils

Abstract Large amount of irrigated land under Lake Abaya Chamo basin is becoming unproductive every year because of salinity and sodicity expansion; consequently farmers are leaving their land out of cultivation due to burning of crops. For sustainable land use and Agricultural water management, it is a very important to examine the chemical composition of soils water and status of their quality. Therefore, the study was aimed to evaluate the physico-chemical properties of soils and irrigation water of irrigated lands under Lake Abaya Chamo basin, located in South East rift valley of Ethiopia. The pH of the soil in the study area ranged from (7.24 to 9.04, 7.54 to 7.91), Electrical conductivity (0.388 to 19.22, 0.644 to 23.6) under Lake Abaya and Chamo, respectively. The results of irrigation water quality showed that the water class of lake Abaya Chamo basin is under harzard status of salinity and sodicity and cannot be recommended for irrigation use. There is a potential danger of sodicity and salinity development in the intended lake basin. Thus, selection of salinity and sodicity resistant crop types, proper irrigation water application methods and other chemical mitigation measures should be designed for sustainability of soil and water productivity.

scholarly journals Edaphic conditions of different islands under different hydrological regimes in the coastal zone of Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-40
Author(s):  
Ashfaque Ahmed ◽  
Mikael Ohlson ◽  
Sirajul Hoque ◽  
Md Golam Moula
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Variables ◽  
Edaphic Conditions ◽  
Chemical Properties Of Soils ◽  
Hydrological Regimes

Physical and chemical properties of soils from the southern coastal zone of Bangladesh were studied to understand the effect of inundation on different soil variables. Soil samples were collected from three different islands representing different hydrological regimes, viz. Char Motherbunia (Island I) is inundated twice daily, Char Taposhi (Island II) is inundated by high tide and Char Kashem (Island III) is totally raised, inundated only during storm surges. Three transects in each island perpendicular to the river Buragauranga were established. Five soil samples, each with a composite of five sub-samples, were collected from each transect, 15 variables were tested from total 15 samples of each island. To test the variations among the islands and within the island, ANOVA was used. Soils of the three islands were found to be rather similar in chemical properties, although there were some significant differences in pH and potassium concentration. The results indicated that broad-scale hydrology did not effect the variation found in the edaphic condition rather duration and amplitude may be responsible for some observed variation. A correlation matrix of the soil variables showed a strong correlation among chemical elements and that the majority of elements were significantly correlated with pH. Key words: Edaphic conditions; Coastal zone; Hydrological regimes; Tidal amplitude DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v19i1.8941 DUJBS 2010; 19(1): 27-40

scholarly journals Habitat requirements of Polygonetum natantis Soó 1927 and Potamogetonetum natantis Soó 1927 phytocenoses in north-eastern Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanisław Kłosowski ◽  
Henryk Tomaszewicz
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Habitat Requirements ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Comparison of habitats of <em>Polygonetum natantis</em> Soó 1927 and <em>Potamogetonetum natantis</em> Soó 1927 phytocenoses as regards physical and chemical properties of the water and substrate demonstrated that the habitat requirements of both these communities are different. <em>Polygonetum natantis</em> phytocenoses indicate a substrate poor in nutrient components and rich waters, whereas <em>Potamogetonetum natantis</em> patches, on the contrary, are evidence of fertile substrate and waters poor in biophilous components. The differences in habitat conditions demonstrated between the examined communities confirm the correctness of narrow classification of aquatic plant communities, based on floristic dominance.

scholarly journals Differential Deep Convolutional Neural Network Model for Brain Tumor Classification

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Isselmou Abd El Kader ◽  
Guizhi Xu ◽  
Zhang Shuai ◽  
Sani Saminu ◽  
Imran Javaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Medical Image ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Feature Maps ◽  
Deep Cnn

The classification of brain tumors is a difficult task in the field of medical image analysis. Improving algorithms and machine learning technology helps radiologists to easily diagnose the tumor without surgical intervention. In recent years, deep learning techniques have made excellent progress in the field of medical image processing and analysis. However, there are many difficulties in classifying brain tumors using magnetic resonance imaging; first, the difficulty of brain structure and the intertwining of tissues in it; and secondly, the difficulty of classifying brain tumors due to the high density nature of the brain. We propose a differential deep convolutional neural network model (differential deep-CNN) to classify different types of brain tumor, including abnormal and normal magnetic resonance (MR) images. Using differential operators in the differential deep-CNN architecture, we derived the additional differential feature maps in the original CNN feature maps. The derivation process led to an improvement in the performance of the proposed approach in accordance with the results of the evaluation parameters used. The advantage of the differential deep-CNN model is an analysis of a pixel directional pattern of images using contrast calculations and its high ability to classify a large database of images with high accuracy and without technical problems. Therefore, the proposed approach gives an excellent overall performance. To test and train the performance of this model, we used a dataset consisting of 25,000 brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images, which includes abnormal and normal images. The experimental results showed that the proposed model achieved an accuracy of 99.25%. This study demonstrates that the proposed differential deep-CNN model can be used to facilitate the automatic classification of brain tumors.

Soil water repellency persistence after recurrent forest fires on Mount Carmel, Israel

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naama Tessler ◽  
Lea Wittenberg ◽  
Noam Greenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Water Drop ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Mediterranean Ecosystem ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Soil Water Repellency ◽  
Chemical Properties Of Soils

Variations in forest fires regime affect: (1) the natural patterns of community structure and vegetation; (2) the physico-chemical properties of soils and consequently (3) runoff, erosion and sediment yield. In recent decades the Mediterranean ecosystem of Mount Carmel, north-western Israel, is subjected to an increasing number of forest fires, thus, the objectives of the study were to evaluate the long-term effects of single and recurrent fires on soil water repellency (WR) and organic matter (OM) content. Water repellency was studied by applying water drop penetration time (WDPT) tests at sites burnt by single-fire, two fires, three fires and unburnt control sites. Water repellency in the burnt sites was significantly lower than in the unburnt control sites, and the soil maintained its wettability for more than 2 decades, whereas after recurrent fires, the rehabilitation was more complicated and protracted. The OM content was significantly lower after recurrent than after a single fire, causing a clear proportional decrease in WR. The rehabilitation of WR to natural values is highly dependent on restoration of organic matter and revegetation. Recurrent fires may cause a delay in recovery and reduced productivity of the soil for a long period.

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