scholarly journals Inhibition of raffinose family oligosaccharides and galactosyl pinitols breakdown delays germination of winter vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) seeds

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesław B. Lahuta ◽  
Joanna Goszczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides ◽  
Reserve Material ◽  
Embryonic Axes ◽  
Vicia Villosa ◽  
Legume Seeds ◽  
Early Germination ◽  
Ca 50 ◽  
Seeds Germination

Beside RFOs, which are commonly present in legume seeds, seeds of some species contain galactosyl pinitols (GPs). These carbohydrates, like RFOs, have been hypothesized to constitute an important energy and carbon skeletal source during germination. To test this hypothesis we have applied a specific α-galactosidase inhibitor (1-deoxygalactonojirimycin, DGJ) to germinating winter vetch (<em>Vicia villosa</em> Roth.) seeds, containing more galactosyl pinitols than RFOs. The breakdown of RFOs but not that of GPs was completely blocked in both embryonic axes and cotyledons tissues, during the first 18 h of imbibition in DGJ. The inhibitor only decreased the rate of GPs degradation. The inhibitory effect of DGJ on GPs degradation was partially alleviated by addition of sucrose or galactose to DGJ solutions. After three days of germination in water, RFOs and GPs disappeared in axial tissues of seeds imbibed in water, galactose or sucrose. Eighteen-hour imbibition of seeds in DGJ drastically reduced germination, by ca 50%, during the first three days. The inhibitory effect of DGJ decreased during the next seven days of germination. The presence of galactose or sucrose in imbibition solution initially stimulated seed germination, but later this effect was not statistically significant. Our study provides clear evidence that galactosyl pinitols play an important role in early winter vetch seeds germination. Additionally, we suggest that galactosyl pinitols can replace RFOs as reserve material necessary for early germination.

scholarly journals Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolomics Approach for the Analysis of Major Legume Sprouts Coupled to Chemometrics

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 761
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Farag ◽  
Mohamed G. Sharaf El-Din ◽  
Mohamed A. Selim ◽  
Asmaa I. Owis ◽  
Sameh F. Abouzid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Multivariate Data Analysis ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Legume Seeds ◽  
Region Data ◽  
Chemotaxonomic Markers ◽  
Seeds Germination ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

Legume sprouts are a fresh nutritive source of phytochemicals of increasing attention worldwide owing to their many health benefits. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was utilized for the metabolite fingerprinting of 4 major legume sprouts, belonging to family Fabaceae, to be exploited for quality control purposes. Thirty-two metabolites were identified belonging to different classes, i.e., fatty acids, sugars, amino acids, nucleobases, organic acids, sterols, alkaloids, and isoflavonoids. Quantitative NMR was employed for assessing the major identified metabolite levels and multivariate data analysis was utilized to assess metabolome heterogeneity among sprout samples. Isoflavones were detected exclusively in Cicer sprouts, whereas Trigonella was characterized by 4-hydroxyisoleucine. Vicia sprouts were distinguished from other legume sprouts by the presence of L-Dopa versus acetate abundance in Lens. A common alkaloid in all sprouts was trigonelline, detected at 8–25 µg/mg, suggesting its potential role in legume seeds’ germination. Trigonelline was found at highest levels in Trigonella sprouts. The aromatic NMR region data (δ 11.0–5.0 ppm) provided a better classification power than the full range (δ 11.0–0.0 ppm) as sprout variations mostly originated from secondary metabolites, which can serve as chemotaxonomic markers.

scholarly journals Germination of Crotalaria and Lupinus (Fabaceae) seeds submitted to different pre-germination treatments and their effect on enzymatic activity during early germination

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
B. Garduza-Acosta ◽  
L. C. Lagunes-Espinoza ◽  
C. C. Bautista-Muñoz ◽  
G. García-de-los-Santos ◽  
J. M. Zaldívar-Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Galactosidase Activity ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
Legume Seeds ◽  
Specific Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Early Germination ◽  
Native Legume

Abstract Most of the wild and native legume seeds has a hard and impermeable testa, which causes physical dormancy and prevents them from germinating even when environmental conditions are favorable. The study evaluated the effect of scarification treatments on germination and enzymatic activity of Crotalaria longirostrata (Cl) and Lupinus exaltatus (Le) seeds. After scarification treatments, germination percentage (GP) and rate (GR) were assessed during 30 days after seeding (DAS); and water absorption (WA) and specific enzymatic activity (SEA) during early germination (0, 6, 18, 36, 72, 120 h) in a growing chamber at 25 °C and photoperiod of 12 h. Scarification with 98% H2SO4 15 min increased GP and GR in both species. At 30 DAS, GP and GR of Le seeds were 34% and 0.97 seeds day-1, respectively. In Cl seeds, GP was 64% and GR 0.90 seeds day-1. Scarification with H2O at 80 °C 1 min also promoted germination in Cl (52%). At 120 h after seeding, Le and Cl seeds showed already a high GP with acid scarification (31% and 48%, respectively). In seeds of both species, scarification treatments affected WA and SEA during early germination. During this period, scarification treatments that increased GP also showed a higher α-D-galactosidase activity. The maximum enzyme activity was observed 72 h after hot water scarification in Cl (82.6 U/mg total protein), followed by acid scarification (54.5 U/mg total protein). In Le, the activity peak was 36 h after acid scarification (9.5 U/mg total protein). No relationship was observed between β-glucosidase activity and GP in both species. In conclusion, during early germination of both species, the increase in GP is accompanied by a rise in α-D-galactosidase activity between 36 and 72 h after seeding; and in Cl seeds, an alternative scarification treatment to increase GP may be the use of hot water.

scholarly journals The allelopathic effect of Taraxacum officinale F.G. Wigg on the seeds germination and initial growth of Lolium westerwoldicum R.Br.

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Jankowska ◽  
Grażyna A. Ciepiela ◽  
Jacek Sosnowski ◽  
Roman Kolczarek ◽  
Kazimierz Jankowski
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Soil Extracts ◽  
Leaves And Roots ◽  
Common Dandelion ◽  
Seeds Germination

The common dandelion (<i>Taraxacum officinale</i> F.H. Wigg) is a perennial plant often found in large concentrations in the sward of natural meadows. This species expands quickly, displacing other species. In literature there is a lack of data relating to the effect of common dandelion on plants growing in its vicinity. It is also not known why this species creates large clusters. Perhaps it competes with different plants through the allelopathic effect. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the influence of water extracts from leaves and roots of common dandelion (<i>Taraxacum officinale</i>) as well as soil extracts from the root layer of this species on seed germination and the initial growth of <i>Lolium westerwoldicum</i> R.Br. The investigated material comprised leaves and roots of <i>Taraxacum officinale</i>. The germination biotest most often used in experiments was applied. The seeds germination energy of westerwolds ryegrass was most inhibited by plant extracts prepared from roots and leaves of <i>Taraxacum officinale</i>. The germination ability of seeds of <i>Lolium westerwoldicum</i> was the highest in the treatments in which soil extracts were applied; however, the value of this feature was limited to a larger extent by the plant extracts from leaves of <i>Taraxacum officinale</i> than from roots. Higher concentrations of both soil and plant solutions had an inhibitory effect both on root growth and the growth of the leaf sheath and leaves of westerwolds ryegrass. The results of the tested parameters can confirm the allelopathic effect of <i>Taraxacum officinale</i> on germination and initial growth of <i>Lolium westerwoldicum</i>, and especially that of extracts prepared from leaves.

scholarly journals Vacuolar status and water relations in embryonic axes of recalcitrant Aesculus hippocastanum seeds during stratification and early germination

AoB Plants ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie V. Obroucheva ◽  
Snezhana V. Lityagina ◽  
Galina V. Novikova ◽  
Irina A. Sin'kevich
Keyword(s):  
Water Relations ◽  
Aesculus Hippocastanum ◽  
Embryonic Axes ◽  
Early Germination

scholarly journals Recovery and seeds germination of four important tropical forage legumes in bovine dung

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Bruno Borges Deminicis ◽  
Henrique Duarte Vieira ◽  
João Carlos de Carvalho Almeida ◽  
Tiago Neves Pereira Valente ◽  
Saulo Alberto do Carmo Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forage Legume ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Legume Seeds ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
Colonization Process ◽  
Butterfly Pea ◽  
Bovine Feces ◽  
Seeds Germination

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the recovery and survival of tropical forage legume seeds (butterfly pea, stylosanthes, perennial soybean and macrotiloma) subjected through the digestive tract of cattle and to evaluate the germination of the seeds in feces of cattle. A 50 g of seed mixed with 150 g of mineral supplement offered to the cattle. Each cattle was considered as repetition. The bovine feces collected up to 60 hours after eating the seeds, where the seeds separated by sieves, using water, gloves procedure and tweezers. Later, they counted and divided into intact and swollen. For the germination test of the recovered seeds, 75 seeds per replicate were used (25 in natura, 25 intact and 25 swollen seeds, respectively). For the germination test in fecal plates, the bovine feces collected between 12 and 30 hours after eating the seeds. After 120 days, we evaluated the total amount of plants emerged within the study period (between 12 and 30 hours) and the average number of emerged plants per fecal signs. The results showed that cattle are facilitating the dispersion of butterfly pea, macrotyloma and perennial soybean, but not stylosanthes. The highest survival as the average number of germinated plants in fecal plates achieved by macrotyloma, followed by butterfly pea species and perennial soybean. The cattle were efficient in the pasture colonization process, due to the considerable dispersion of the seeds. This dispersion was not observed for seeds of stylosanthes.

scholarly journals A Symbiotic Virus Facilitates Aphid Adaptation to Host Plants by Suppressing Jasmonic Acid Responses

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Lu ◽  
Junjie Zhu ◽  
Jinting Yu ◽  
Xiaofang Chen ◽  
Le Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Species Interaction ◽  
Host Race ◽  
Vicia Villosa ◽  
Host Aphid ◽  
Aphid Feeding

Symbiotic viruses exist in many insects; however, their functions in host insects are not well understood. In this study, we explored the role of acyrthosiphon pisum virus (APV) in the interaction of its host aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum with plants. APV is primarily located in aphid salivary glands and gut and propagated in the insect. APV is horizontally transmitted to host plants during aphid feeding, but the virus does not replicate in the host plant. When the pea host race of aphids colonized two low-fitness plants, Medicago truncatula and Vicia villosa, the virus titers in both the aphids and plants significantly increased. Furthermore, APV infection strongly promoted the survival rate of the pea host race on V. villosa. Transcriptomic analysis showed that only 0.85% of aphid genes responded to APV infection when aphids fed on V. villosa, with a fold change in transcript levels of no more than fourfold. The improved survival due to APV infection was apparently related to the inhibitory effect of the virus on levels of phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) and JA-isoleucine. Our data suggest a benefit of the symbiotic virus to its aphid host and demonstrate a novel case of symbiotic virus-mediated three-species interaction.

Soluble carbohydrates in legume seeds

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph L. Obendorf ◽  
Ryszard J. Górecki
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Role ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides ◽  
Developing Seed ◽  
Legume Seeds ◽  
Galactosyl Cyclitols ◽  
Derivatives Of

AbstractMature dry legume seeds may contain up to 30 different soluble carbohydrates. Sucrose is a major component of the total soluble carbohydrates; others include the raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs; raffinose, stachyose, verbascose) that are mono-, di- and tri-α-galactosyl derivatives of sucrose. Other galactosides may include α-galactosyl derivatives of the cyclitols myo-inositol (galactinol, digalactosyl myo-inositol and trigalactosyl myo-inositol), d-pinitol (galactopinitol A, digalactosyl pinitol A (ciceritol) and trigalactosyl pinitol A; and galactopinitol B; higher galactosyl oligomers of galactopintiol B have rarely been detected), d-chiro-inositol (fagopyritol B1, fagopyritol B2 and fagopyritol B3) and d-ononitol (galactosyl d-ononitol and digalactosyl d-ononitol). Small amounts of myo-inositol, d-pinitol and d-chiro-inositol may also be present. Raffinose, stachyose and verbascose increase late in seed maturation, with 70% of RFOs accumulating after maximum seed dry weight is attained. RFOs are mostly degraded during germination. Sucrose, myo-inositol, d-pinitol and d-chiro-inositol are synthesized in maternal tissues of some legumes and are transported to and unloaded by seed coats into the apoplastic space surrounding developing seed embryos. Free cyclitols may be 60% of total soluble carbohydrates in leaves and 20% in seed coat cup exudates. Increasing the supply of free cyclitols may increase the accumulation of their respective α-galactosides in mature seeds. Seeds with reduced RFO accumulation, but with normal to elevated concentrations of galactosyl cyclitols (including fagopyritols), have normal field emergence and are also tolerant to imbibitional chilling under laboratory conditions. Molecular structures, biosynthetic pathways, accumulation of soluble carbohydrates in response to seed-expressed mutations and the physiological role of galactosides are reviewed.

Expression and activity of a Kip-related protein, Zeama;KRP1, during maize germination

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natividad de Jesús Juárez ◽  
Alfredo Mancilla ◽  
Elpidio García ◽  
Jorge M. Vázquez-Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Cdk Inhibitors ◽  
Cyclin Dependent Kinase ◽  
Embryonic Axes ◽  
Early Germination ◽  
Inhibitory Domain ◽  
Proliferating Cell ◽  
Inhibition Pattern

AbstractPlant KRP proteins are cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase subunit (Cdk) inhibitors that share a limited homology with mammalian p27Kip1 proteins. Several KRPs have been reported in maize (Zea mays L.), of which Zeama;KRP1 was studied during maize germination. Expression of the Zeama;KRP1 gene did not vary during the 24 h germination period. A homologous antibody raised against the 13 kDa carboxy end of the Zeama;KRP1 polypeptide, a sequence containing the cyclin/Cdk inhibitory domain, indicated the existence of a 22 kDa protein in maize embryonic axes, the amount of which also remained unchanged during germination. Neither abscisic acid nor cytokinins modified the amount of protein. The purified Zeama;KRP1 polypeptide inhibited the kinase activity associated with Zeama;PCNA and Zeama;CycD2;1, and also the kinase activity in p13Suc1-pulled-down complexes. However, there were differences in the inhibition pattern during germination. Whereas kinase activity in proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) or CycD2;1 immunoprecipitates was strongly inhibited mainly during early germination, that in p13Suc1-pulled-down complexes was mainly inhibited at late times, suggesting that each protein complex is composed of different cyclins and/or Cdks.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides and galactosyl pinitols in developing and maturing seeds of winter vetch (Vicia vlllosa Roth.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesław B. Lahuta
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Seed Maturation ◽  
Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides ◽  
Vicia Villosa ◽  
Raffinose Oligosaccharides ◽  
Galactinol Synthase ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Raffinose Synthase ◽  
Late Stages ◽  
Stachyose Synthase

Changes in the accumulation of two types of α-D-galactosides: raffinose family oligosaccharides and galactosyl pinitols were compared with changes in the activities of galactosyltransferases during winter vetch (<em>Vicia villosa</em> Roth.) seed development and maturation. Occurrence of galactinol and raffinose in young seeds and changes in activities of galactinol synthase and raffinose synthase during seed development indicated that formation of raffinose oligosaccharides (RFOs) preceded synthesis of galactopinitols. Although transfer of galactose residues into raffinose oligosaccharides increased as seeds were maturing, at late stages of seed maturation the accumulation of galactopinitols was preferred to that of RFOs. In the present study, activities of enzymes transferring galactose moieties from galactinol to D-pinitol forming galactopinitol A, and further transfer of galactose moieties from galactinol to mono- and di-galactopinitol A were detected throughout seed development and maturation. This is a new observation, indicating biological potential of winter vetch seeds to synthesize mono-, di- and tri-galactosides of D-pinitol in a pathway similar to RFOs. The pattern of changes in activities of stachyose synthase and enzymes synthesizing galactopinitols (named galactopinitol A synthase and ciceritol synthase) suggests that formation of stachyose, mono- and di-galactopinitol A (ciceritol) is catalyzed by one enzyme. High correlation between activities of verbascose synthase and enzyme catalyzing synthesis of tri-galactopinitol A from galactinol and ciceritol (named tri-galactopinitol A synthase) also suggests that biosynthesis of both types of tri-galactosides was catalyzed by one enzyme, but distinct from stachyose synthase. Changes in concentrations of galactosyl acceptors (sucrose and D-pinitol) can be a factor which regulates splitting of galactose moieties between both types of galactosides in winter vetch seeds.

Effects of controlled deterioration and osmopriming on protein synthesis of cauliflower seeds during early germination

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzo Fujikura ◽  
Cees M. Karssen
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Early Germination ◽  
Radicle Protrusion ◽  
Controlled Deterioration ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol 6000 ◽  
Seeds Germination

AbstractProfiles of proteins synthesized in vivo in radicle tips were compared among unaged, artificially aged (controlled deterioration: 10% moisture content at 42°C for 3 weeks), osmoprimed (−1.5 MPa polyethylene glycol 6000 at 20°C for 1 week), and artificially aged and subsequently osmoprimed cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.) seeds. Germination and initiation of incorporation of 35S-methionine into radicle tips were delayed by controlled deterioration. Osmopriming accelerated these processes and also alleviated the delays. The labelled proteins were analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and fluorography. Proteins were found whose expression correlated with the rate of germination, and was reduced by controlled deterioration but enhanced by osmopriming. Subsequent osmopriming reversed the effect of controlled deterioration and even caused an enhancement up to the level of unaged osmoprimed seeds. These proteins appeared to be related to processes preceding visible germination. In unaged seeds, formation of the proteins in the radicle tip began upon imbibition but decreased towards visible germination. On silver-stained gels, one of the proteins was shown to be mobilized by the time of radicle protrusion, while all were found in dry seeds. Proteins whose pronounced expression was observed only after both treatments were also found.

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