scholarly journals Morphological and genetic relationships of Myosotis laxa ssp. baltica and ssp. caespitosa, and typification of M. laxa ssp. baltica

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Pihu ◽  
Maarja Öpik ◽  
Ene Kook ◽  
Ülle Reier
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Its Phylogeny ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Intraspecific Taxonomy ◽  
The Baltic

Intraspecific taxonomy of <em>Myosotis laxa</em> has been unclear for a long time. <em>M. laxa</em> ssp. <em>baltica</em> has been treated as a microendemic taxon of the Baltic Sea region, which has evolved in the Aland Islands and has spread northwards; the spread to southeast has been declared doubtful. Morphologically intermediate individuals between <em>M. l</em>. ssp. <em>caespitosa</em> and <em>M. l</em>. ssp. <em>baltica</em> exist; these have sometimes been classified as <em>M. l</em>. ssp. <em>laxa</em>. The aim of this paper is to clarify phylogenetic relationships between subspecies of <em>M. laxa</em> s.l. Here, <em>M. laxa</em> ssp. <em>baltica</em> is lectotypified. We proved that typical <em>M. l</em>. ssp. <em>baltica</em> does occur in the south-eastern Baltic region, namely in Estonia, using herbarium and freshly collected material. A group of plants were identified as typical <em>M. l</em>. ssp. <em>baltica</em>, but many specimens showed intermediate characters between <em>M. laxa</em> ssp. <em>baltica</em> and ssp. <em>caespitosa</em>. The two subspecies could be clearly differentiated neither by morphological characteristics nor by ITS sequences.<em> M. laxa</em> s. l. appeared to be monophyletic according to the ITS phylogeny. We propose that <em>Myosotis laxa</em> ssp. <em>baltica</em> is a coastal ecotype of <em>Myosotis laxa</em>, which has adapted to the fluctuating conditions of coastal habitats. Genetically, it has not yet evolved into a separate species and therefore it would be reasonable to assign it a rank of variety. However, further investigation including wider taxon and geographical sampling is needed to finally clarify the position of all subspecies.

The integrative potential of science and research cooperation for suturing the Baltic Sea region in the 21st century

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-32
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Musiał
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Research Cooperation ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Science And Research

The aim of the article is to demonstrate how science and researchcooperation may help to reintegrate the Baltic region in the 21st century withthe participation of Russia. This is done through the analysis of documentsand strategies of Baltic Sea regionalism in the context of the regional knowledgeregime. Attention is paid to different positionalities of the regional actorsand their narratives. The theoretical framework is secured by an analysis ofcritical junctures drawing on case studies from the years 1989-91 and 2014 andthe subsequent reconfiguration of the power / knowledge nexus. The analysisshows that this reconfiguration actively contributes to creating and changingthe content and context of the Baltic Sea regionalism as based on new symbolic,economic, and political capitals. The conclusion points to the potentialof Russia’s involvement in the co-creation of the regional knowledge regimeand defines the conditions and methods of possible cooperation.

scholarly journals (Re-)Placing Pentecostalism: Swedish Mission and the idea of the Baltic

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Temporal Context ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Word Of Life

I draw on fieldwork based in the Word of Life Ministry, Sweden, to consider how these neo-Pentecostals have constructed the Baltic as a landscape of both action and imagination. One part of my argument states that we must see the ministry’s attitudes to Sweden and the wider Baltic region in terms of its desire to situate itself within Swedish revivalist history. I also argue, however, that we can fruitfully draw on Bakhtin’s notion of the ‘chronotope’ to trace how the Baltic constitutes a potent spatio-temporal context for the construction of a narrative which encourages Word of Life members to see their missionary role as being contained within, but also looking far beyond, the Baltic Sea region.

scholarly journals Ensuring environmental safety of the Baltic Sea basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 08011
Author(s):  
E.E. Smirnova ◽  
L.D. Tokareva
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Baltic Sea Basin ◽  
Northwest Region

The Baltic Sea is not only important for transport, but for a long time it has been supplying people with seafood. In 1998, the Government of the Russian Federation adopted Decree N 1202 “On approval of the 1992 Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Region”, according to which Russia approved the Helsinki Convention and its obligations. However, the threat of eutrophication has become urgent for the Baltic Sea basin and Northwest region due to the increased concentration of phosphorus and nitrogen in wastewater. This article studies the methods of dephosphation of wastewater using industrial waste.

Sweden and the Baltic Sea Region

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rikard Bengtsson
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
European Level ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Eu

Swedish policy towards the Baltic Sea region in the post-Cold-War period reflects an internationalist approach aimed at institutionalizing regional cooperative mechanisms, along with a generic interest in managing relations with Russia. The Baltic region is of significant strategic interest to Sweden. From a strategic foreign policy perspective, the institutions-based approach to regional cooperation can be viewed as a formula for Sweden to multilateralize relations with Russia while simultaneously reaping economic and security benefits that stem from regional and European-level interdependencies. The roles that follow from this approach—as regional integrator and as normative critic of Russia—are increasingly enacted through European channels, primarily the EU.

scholarly journals Political technologies and international conflicts in the information space of the Baltic Sea region

Baltic Region ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor P. Kirilenko ◽  
Georgiy V. Alexeyev
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Information Space ◽  
The Political ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Social Partnership ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
The Baltic

The information space of the Baltic region has gradually developed since the free exchange of cross-border messages was made possible by media technology and international law. The international conflict between Russia and some countries of the European Union has become a factor hampering its sustainable development. Moreover, the conflict has adversely affected the functioning of many civil society institutions in the Baltic Sea region. This study focuses on the publications in the scientific media associated with the political technologies that may provoke conflict but must contribute to good-neighbourly relations in the region. We carry out a comprehensive political analysis and a specific examination of the Western scientific media to develop a package of measures that Russia can take to counter the conflictprovoking influences in the region. The current condition of the regional information space and information operations aimed at inciting Russophobia and forcing Russia out of the European political process is indicative of the politicisation of social sciences and the humanities and of the mythologisation of the policies of the regional social structures. The conflict must be urgently resolved, since the political technologies, which cause instability in the information space, damage the reputations of all the states involved. To reconcile the differences that underlie the information conflict in the Baltic region it is necessary to take into account common interests. There is a pressing need to join efforts in solving the challenging social problems that cannot be overcome without either international cooperation among the countries or effective social partnership.

scholarly journals A functional description of the model for the protection of the environmental interests of the Russian Federation in the Baltic Sea region

Baltic Region ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-59
Author(s):  
Tatiana S. Volchetskaya ◽  
Elena N. Cholopova
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Functional Description ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Environmental Interests

This article identifies the objective conditions of the conflict between the interests of development and those of environmental security. The latter are given added urgency when, within the same ecological unit, one country needs to develop and another to protect its environmental interests. The borders of the countries and regions, the economies of which affect the safety of Russia’s interests in the Baltic, do not coincide with the boundaries of the ecosystems. This calls for a study of the legal protection of Russia’s environmental interests in the Baltic Sea region. There is no legal mechanism for ensuring a balance between the interests of development and those of environmental security of the countries that have shorelines along the Baltic Sea. Thus, it is necessary to give a functional description of the regional model for the legal protection of the environmental interests of the Russian Federation in the Baltic region. To this end, we identify the juridical content of the environmental interests of the Russian Federation. We consider the possibilities of the legal protection of the environmental interests in the national and international jurisdiction. The interests are divided into two groups respectively. We reveal the essence of the environmental interests of the Russian Federation in the Baltic Sea region. We analyse the case of the Russian regions located within the Baltic Sea catchment area to test an approach to identifying the region’s boundaries. This approach may be used in modelling the regional level of the legal protection of Russia’s environmental interests in the Baltic region. We identify the environmental interests of the Russian Federation in the Baltic Sea region, as well as the forms of legal protection of the country’s interests in this territory. We describe the elements of the system of the legal protection of Russia’s interests in the Baltic region and examine the functions of these elements. The result of this study is a functional description of the model of legal protection of the environmental interests of the Russian Federation in the Baltic region. This model may be used to strengthen the links between the elements of the protection of the legitimate interests of the Russian Federation in the Baltic region.

scholarly journals The evolution of US political priorities in the Baltic sea region in the 2010s

Baltic Region ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-25
Author(s):  
P. E. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Eu Enlargement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Cold War

The fundamental geopolitical changes in the Baltic Sea region after the end of the Cold War caused the United States to revise its priorities in that part of the world. The process became especially apparent in the second decade of the 21st century when the Ukraine crisis brought to light the consequences of NATO and EU enlargement to the former Warsaw Treaty allies and the Baltic States. This article shows how the US, motivated by the need to ‘contain’ Russia, was developing its overall approaches to ensuring its political leadership in the Baltic region. It demonstrates how Washington is planning to reduce the vulnerability of certain nations of the region to Russia’s military and non-military influence and what steps the US and its NATO allies have taken in this direction. It is argued that, although the Western military buildup in the Baltic Sea region and the US attempts to neutralise Russian ‘hybrid’ instruments are unable to increase substantially the defence capabilities of NATO allies in the Baltic, the security dynamics in the region are likely to turn it into an arena for a struggle between Russia and the West. Russia will benefit from seeing the Baltic region nations not as tools in the Russian-US confrontation, but as partners in regional cooperation aware of their own interests.

scholarly journals THE DISPERSION OF HORIZONTAL TECTONIC STRESSES IN THE EARTH'S CRUST IN THE BALTIC REGION / ŽEMĖS PLUTOS HORIZONTALIŲJŲ TEKTONINIŲ ĮTEMPIŲ PABALTIJO TERITORIJOJE SKLAIDA / РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ТЕКТОНИЧЕСКИХ ГОРИЗОНТАЛЬНЫХ НАПРЯЖЕНИЙ ЗЕМНОЙ КОРЫ В ПРИБАЛТИКЕ

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Algimantas Zakarevičius ◽  
Saulius Šliaupa ◽  
Eimuntas Paršeliūnas ◽  
Arūnas Būga ◽  
Arminas Stanionis
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Principal Stress ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Principal Stresses ◽  
Tectonic Stresses ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
Earth's Crust ◽  
The Baltic

GPS measurements recorded within the period from1992 to 2003 were employed to investigate horizontal tectonic stresses in the Earth's crust in the Baltic region. To avoid the impact of discrepancies in the systems of coordinates upon the parameters of deformations, the method of tensor analysis was applied thus estimating parameters employing the method of finite elements. Computations were performed using the created algorithms and applying ANSYS code. The values of tectonic stresses in the Earth's crust in the territory of the Baltic Sea region were calculated considering changes in maximum and minimum principal stresses. The value of change in maximum principal stress in the territory of the Baltic Sea region varies between –0.0013 MPa and +0.0032 MPa; the value of change in minimum principal stress varies between –0.0084 MPa and +0.0009 MPa. Positive values are dominating in directions of changes in maximum principal stresses (extension), whereas negative values – in directions of changes in minimum principal stresses (compression). Santrauka Žemės plutos horizontaliesiems tektoniniams įtempiams tirti naudoti 1992–2003 m. GPS matavimų duomenys. Siekiant išvengti koordinačių sistemų nesutapimo įtakos deformacijų parametrams, taikyta tenzorinės analizės metodika, parametrus įvertinant baigtinių elementų metodu. Skaičiavimai atlikti Ansysprograma. Apskaičiuoti Žemės plutos horizontalieji tektoniniai įtempiai Pabaltijo teritorijoje – svarbiausių maksimaliųjų ir minimaliųjų įtempių pokyčiai. Maksimaliųjų svarbiausių įtempių pokyčiai Pabaltijo teritorijoje svyruoja nuo –0,0013 MPa iki +0,0032 MPa; minimaliųjų – nuo –0,0084 MPa iki +0,0009 MPa. Резюме Для исследования горизонтальных тектонических напряжений земной коры были использованы результаты измерений ГПС, выполненных в 1992 и 2003 гг. Для того, чтобы исключить влияние несовпадения систем координат на полученные результаты параметров деформаций, была применена инвариантная системам координат методика тензорного анализа. Параметры деформаций вычислялись с использованием метода конечных элементов. Для моделирования использована программа Ansys. Определены тектонические горизонтальные напряжения земной коры в Прибалтике: главные напряжения. Максимальные напряжения находятся в пределах от –0,0013 МПа до+0,0032 МПа. Минимальные напряжения меняются от –0,0084 МПа до +0,0009 МПа.

scholarly journals Region-Building in the Baltic Region: Legacy of the Inter-War Period and Modern Dynamics

2019 ◽  
pp. 52-64
Author(s):  
Vladislav Vorotnikov ◽  
Alexander Chekov ◽  
Ul’yana Yakutova
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Multilateral Cooperation ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
Hanseatic League ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Eu

The article is devoted to the analysis of historical retrospective and modern dynamics of region-building in the Baltic region. The cultural and historical foundation of regionalization processes in this area was laid over the centuries, although the framework was finally shaped in the 20th century: the Hanseatic League, the first attempts to create regional unions during the interwar period, the “northern cooperation” and the signing of the Helsinki Convention during the Cold War. In the post-bipolar period, the Baltic region continues to maintain its political and socio economic heterogeneity. Today, the key institution of multilateral cooperation uniting all countries of the region is the Council of the Baltic Sea States, whereas, from the EU perspective, the main self-sufficient instrument of regionalization is the EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region. At the same time, both formats rely in specific projects implementation on “horizontal actions” and network cooperation on the grass-roots level, which makes regional interaction practical to the greatest possible extent, largely depoliticized and stable in the long run.

Associations of Sphagnum rubellum Wils. on the bogs of the south-east part of Baltic region

2003 ◽  
pp. 50-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Smagin ◽  
M. G. Napreenko
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Karelian Isthmus ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
The South ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Kaliningrad Region ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Typical Habitat ◽  
New Syntaxa

The paper characterizes the 3 associations comprising plant communities with Sphagnum rubellum in the south-eastern part of the Baltic region. The new syntaxa differ from each other both in their floristic characters and the pronounced affinity to definite regional mire types and particular habitats. The ass. Drosero-Sphagnetum rubelli is typical of the relatively most thorough ranges. It is observed from the Kaliningrad region to the Karelian Isthmus and, according to the published reference, occurs even throughout the whole area around the Baltic Sea. Its most typical habitat is that of margins of mire lakes and pools. The ass. Eriophoro-Sphagnetum rubelli occurs in central plateaus of convex plateau-like bogs, typical of the areas adjacent to the Baltic Sea coast. It occupies extended flat mire ecotopes with the water level 0.2–0.25 m deep. The ass. Empetro-Sphagnetum rubelli is characteristic of the retrogressive complex in the convex bogs of the East-Baltic Province. It is mostly observed along the coast of the Gulf of Finland. Its stands are rather dynamic and unstable in both space and time. The presence of communities comprised by these 3 associations is an important vegetation character of the series of regional mire types. Assuming an association level of the respective syntaxa seems rational for the purposes of adequate reflection of plant cover diversity.

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