scholarly journals Post-fire succession on abandoned fields in coniferous forest habitat (Nord-East Poland)

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna J. Kwiatkowska-Falińska
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Succession ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Calluna Vulgaris ◽  
Populus Tremula ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Fire Area ◽  
Holcus Mollis ◽  
Succession Stage

In July, 1992, fire swept through the Jelonka Reserve (52<sup>o</sup>35'33"N; 23<sup>o</sup>22'10"E). Litter, herbs layer and juniper shrubs were razed and the tree trunks of <em>Pinus sylvestris</em> and <em>Populus tremula</em> damaged, which resulted in their death the following year. Five research plots of 25 m<sup>2</sup> each were established in the post-fire area. The species present there and their degrees of coverage were listed on the Londo scale between 1993 and 2002. The calculation of average degrees of coverage for individual populations allowed for the establishing of a chronological pattern of post-fire succession. The following findings have been made: 1) the primary function in colonization belongs to species of guerilla strategy of growth whose dormant buds survived fire underground (<em>Holcus mollis</em>, <em>Calluna vulgaris</em> and <em>Populus tremula</em>) or phalanx strategy of growth (<em>Corynephoms canescens</em>); 2) the dominants of the initial succession stage are perennial grasses, not therophytes; 3) the spatial pattern of succession is influenced by the occurrence of <em>H. mollis</em> or <em>C. canescens</em> in a particular location; 4) the initial stage terminates with the occurrence and further growth of <em>C. vulgaris</em> clumps; the post-fire succession in the Jelonka Reserve attained a brushwood stage faster in comparison to secondary succession, formerly triggered by the cessation of cultivation on arable land.

Crop rotations with clover and their productivity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ol'ga Gladysheva ◽  
Oksana Artyuhova ◽  
Vera Svirina
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Pure Steam ◽  
Positive Effect

The results of long-term research in experiments with crop rotations with different clover saturation are presented. It is shown that the cluster has a positive effect on the main indicators of vegetation of dark-gray forest soil. The introduction of two fields of perennial grasses into the six-field crop rotation significantly increases both the humus reserves and increases the productivity of arable land by 1.5–2 times compared to the crop rotation with a field of pure steam.

ISSUES OF GREENING THE LAND USE SYSTEM IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
The Creation

Soil protection in agrolandscapes is especially necessary in conditions of intensification of production and increasing anthropogenic pressure on them. This complex should fit into the landscape farming system. The more intensive the load on the land in the farm, the higher the level of soil protection against destruction. The article notes that raising soil fertility, increasing crop yields and ecological environmental improvement are possible only on the basis of agrolandscape farming system, which allows to establish the correct ratio of arable land, meadows and forests. The transition to such a system of agriculture requires: development of a project for agrolandscape land management with a set of anti-erosion measures for each farm; adjusting the structure of sown areas taking into account market conditions, that is, increasing the area of productive crops in demand (winter and spring wheat, perennial grasses), which in combination with occupied and green manure pairs determine the structure of biologized crop rotation; widespread use of legumes (peas, vetch) as factors in the biologization of agriculture. The efficiency of expanding the area of perennial grasses to 25 % of arable land in some areas of the Non-Chernozem region and the Belgorod region is shown. Here, techniques that increase the efficiency of arable land are based on strict adherence to crop rotation with legumes, the use of adaptive varieties, and the use of biologized fertilizer and plant protection systems. It is noted that the creation of a system of shelterbelts makes it possible to reduce the cost of planting and growing them in comparison with single forest belts and what is very important for farmers is to sharply increase the return on their exploitation in the form of increased increases in crop yields. The creation of forest-sized landscapes will improve the environmental conditions for the cultivation of crops.

scholarly journals Drought identification in the eastern Baltic region using NDVI

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 627-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egidijus Rimkus ◽  
Edvinas Stonevicius ◽  
Justinas Kilpys ◽  
Viktorija Maciulyte ◽  
Donatas Valiukas
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Drought Effect ◽  
Vegetation Season ◽  
Vegetation Condition ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Eastern Baltic

Abstract. Droughts are phenomena that affect large areas. Remote sensing data covering large territories can be used to assess the impact and extent of droughts. Drought effect on vegetation was determined using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) in the eastern Baltic Sea region located between 53–60° N and 20–30° E. The effect of precipitation deficit on vegetation in arable land and broadleaved and coniferous forest was analysed using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) calculated for 1- to 9-month timescales. Vegetation has strong seasonality in the analysed area. The beginning and the end of the vegetation season depends on the distance from the Baltic Sea, which affects temperature and precipitation patterns. The vegetation season in the southeastern part of the region is 5–6 weeks longer than in the northwestern part. The early spring air temperature, snowmelt water storage in the soil and precipitation have the largest influence on the NDVI values in the first half of the active growing season. Precipitation deficit in the first part of the vegetation season only has a significant impact on the vegetation on arable land. The vegetation in the forests is less sensitive to the moisture deficit. Correlation between VCI and the same month SPI1 is usually negative in the study area. It means that wetter conditions lead to lower VCI values, while the correlation is usually positive between the VCI and the SPI of the previous month. With a longer SPI scale the correlation gradually shifts towards the positive coefficients. The positive correlation between 3- and 6-month SPI and VCI was observed on the arable land and in both types of forests in the second half of vegetation season. The precipitation deficit is only one of the vegetation condition drivers and NDVI cannot be used universally to identify droughts, but it may be applied to better assess the effect of droughts on vegetation in the eastern Baltic Sea region.

Seedling establishment from seeds and seed banks in forests under long-term pollution stress: a potential for vegetation recovery

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Komulainen ◽  
M. Vieno ◽  
V. T. Yarmishko ◽  
T. D. Daletskaja ◽  
E. A. Maznaja
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Calluna Vulgaris ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Vegetation Recovery ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Empetrum Nigrum

Seed germinability of some common dwarf shrubs and seed-bank composition were studied in young pine forests along a pollution gradient from Severonickel smelter in Monchegorsk, northern Russia. Samples for seed germination and seed-bank trials were taken from sites representing different zones of pollution. Generally, germinability of dwarf shrub seeds was not affected by distance from pollution source, except for Empetrum nigrum ssp. hermaphroditium. The average density per site of seedlings that emerged from seed-bank samples varied between 278 and 416 seedlings/m2. Empetrum nigrum ssp. hermaphroditum and Betula sp. dominated in seed banks. Calluna vulgaris was also numerous at one site. As a whole, seed-bank taxa were well represented in the above ground vegetation. There were no significant differences in seedling density between sites for dominant taxa. Our results indicate that seeds can retain viability even under a heavy pollution load and thus form a potential for vegetation recovery in polluted sites. Key words: seed germination, seed bank, recovery, pollution, coniferous forest.

The establishment of heathland vegetation on ex-arable land: the response of Calluna vulgaris to soil acidification

2004 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare S. Lawson ◽  
Martin A. Ford ◽  
Jonathan Mitchley ◽  
John M. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Soil Acidification ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Calluna Vulgaris ◽  
Heathland Vegetation

Spatiotemporal variability in sources of suspended sediments from a Scottish river using compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA): a nested catchment approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranav Hirave ◽  
Miriam Glendell ◽  
Axel Birkholz ◽  
Christine Alewell
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Suspended Sediments ◽  
Mixing Model ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Fingerprinting Technique ◽  
Compound Specific Isotope Analysis ◽  
Intensively Managed

&lt;p&gt;The River Dee is one of the major river systems in Scotland, renowned for its economically important Atlantic salmon (&lt;em&gt;Salmo salar&lt;/em&gt;) population. The Tarland Burn (70 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;), an intensively managed catchment, is a significant source of nutrients and suspended sediments (SS) to the River Dee, causing degradation of its water quality. To trace the SS sources in the Tarland Burn catchment, we used compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) fingerprinting technique. The CSIA fingerprinting technique applied in this study involved (i) carbon isotope ratio (&amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C) measurements of plant derived long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) extracted from source soils and from river SS as a mixture signal as input tracer values, and (ii) computation of source proportions in the mixture using an end member mixing model &amp;#8216;MixSIAR&amp;#8217; which is based on the Bayesian approach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Source soils were sampled from the land-use types observed in a headwater catchment (10 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) i.e. arable, temporary grassland under arable rotation, permanent grassland, coniferous forest, heather moorland and riparian zone. SS samples were collected from the headwaters, second order streams, and also from the outlet of the Tarland Burn catchment, representing a nested sampling approach. A comparison of the two common suspended sediment collection techniques to understand the role of sampling technique and associated particle sizes resulted in no substantial difference in the tracer values. SS were sampled once every two months over a period of 14 months between May 2017 and June 2018. &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C&amp;#160;values of LCFAs (even homologues between C&lt;sub&gt;22:0&lt;/sub&gt; - C&lt;sub&gt;30:0&lt;/sub&gt;) of the SS (mixture) were within the range of source soils corresponding tracer values, confirming their conservative behaviour during transport.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Quantification of source proportions using mixing model suggested that headwater streams SS originated predominantly from permanent grasslands. They are largely located on steep topography, leading to higher hydrological connectivity and possible increased pressure from livestock. Although plantation forestry and heather moorland are prominent land-uses in the catchment, their contribution as SS sources is marginal. More intensive arable land use in the lowland areas of Tarland catchment was reflected by their high contribution to SS at the downstream locations. More intensive rainfall events during winter likely led to higher sediment fluxes from the normally less connected permanent grasslands at the catchment outlets during high flow.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our attempt of gathering source soil information from a headwater region of a catchment and upscaling this information to model the source proportions in downstream mixtures integrating the whole catchment was successful, however uncertainties increased for the downstream results&lt;/p&gt;

Phytomelioration of the south-eastern layer of the Great Caucasus, ruptured-broken mountain brown soils (on the example of the Shamakhinsky district)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Fərrux Cəlal oğlu Xəlilov ◽  
◽  
Fəridə Fərahim qızı Süleymanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Arable Land ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Anthropogenic Factor ◽  
Greater Caucasus ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Village

The article describes the southeastern slope of the Greater Caucasus - Shemakhan region, The results of field and laboratory analysis of soil samples taken from "less disturbed" and "moderately eroded" areas of pastures and pastures in the village of Gizmeidan were discussed, and accurate information on their physiccochemical characteristics was given. After studying the current state of the soil and vegetation of these territories, phyto-reclamation measures were carried out using perennial grasses and mineral fertilizers in the "moderately eroded" territories. Depending on the results of the various options, the farm was given appropriate recommendations. Therefore, it is very important to study ways to increase the productivity of arable land provided to legal entities and individuals using this territory, to provide them with scientific, scientific and methodological assistance in applying the necessary agrotechnical and phytomeliorative control measures. Key words:landscape, land, forest, degradation, erosion, climate, relief, anthropogenic factor, hashtag, fertilizer, pasture, humus, food elements, productivity

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC-BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS SORGHUM-SUDAN HYBRIDS

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е. А. Shishova ◽  
N. A. Kovtunova ◽  
V. V. Kovtunov ◽  
А. Е. Romanyukin
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Important Direction ◽  
Sorghum Breeding ◽  
Selection Of

Due to a high stooling coefficient and good growing after cutting, sorghum can be used in the green conveyor in the summer between the cutting of annual and perennial grasses, in the fall when the growth of perennial grasses stops. Hybridization of Sudan grass with CMS-lines of various sorghum types (grain and sweet), produces highly heterotic sorghum-Sudan hybrids which exceed the parental forms in green mass productivity by 1.5 times or more. The identification of new sorghum-Sudan hybrids with high heterotic effects on productivity of green mass and dry matter with their future introduction into production is an important direction of sorghum breeding. The purpose of this work is to identify the main stages of the development of sorghum-Sudanese hybrids and to estimate indicators of their productivity and quality. The CMS lines of grain and sweet sorghum, highly productive varieties of Sudanese grass and new sorghum-Sudan hybrids are the objects of the study. The initial stage is the selection of parental forms. Highly productive and permanent varieties are of great necessity as pollinators. In our studies, these are the varieties “Svetloplenchataya 1”, “Chernoplenchataya 11” and “Chernoplenchataya 10” with 33–42 t/ha of green mass for 2 cuttings. Due to the more powerful plant development the new sorghum-Sudanese hybrids produce 52–77 t/ha of green mass for 2 cuttings. Genuine heterosis is 22.6–102.6%. During the study there have been identified the hybrids “APV-1115 x Svetloplenchataya 1” and “Zersta 38 x Chernoplenchataya 11”, that combine the maximum values of the productivity of green mass and dry matter.

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