scholarly journals Plant cover of the Szum river valley (Roztocze, South-East Poland)

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bożena Czarnecka
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cover ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Vascular Flora ◽  
Se Poland ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Left Tributary ◽  
Phytosociological Relevés ◽  
Data Book

The break section of the Szum river and the mouth part of its left tributary, Miedzianka (Roztocze, SE Poland) were the object of the research conducted in the years 1999-2001. The aim of the study was to establish the abiotic conditions of the diversity of vegetation and the richness of vascular flora in a small lowland river valley. A real vegetation map was drawn in the scale 1:5000. The syntaxonomic classification of plant communities and habitat trophism were established on the basis of 120 phytosociological relevés and 160 soil samples, respectively. On the area of barely 35.4 ha identified were 48 plant associations and communities representing 11 phytosociological classes, among them habitats protected in Poland (16 types) and important at the EU scale (3). There were found 378 species of 72 families, including: 21 species under strict protection, 9 under partial protection, 25 plants threatened on the regional scale, and 2 included into the Polish Red Data Book. Most of interesting species and non-forest communities occur in the parts of the valley above and below a landscape reserve 'Szum', established in 1958, covering presently 18.17 ha. The greatest floral richness was found in the peatbog-meadow complexes (<em>Phragmitetea</em>, <em>Molinio-Arrhenatheretea</em>, <em>Scheuchzerio-Caricetea</em>), in bog-alder forests and willow bushes (<em>Alnetea glutinosae</em>), and streamline ash-alder carrs (<em>Querco-Fagetea</em>, <em>Alno-Ulmion</em>), while the smallest - in the pine and poorer upland mixed fir forests (<em>Vaccinio-Piceetea</em>). Vascular flora appears to be the richest in the sections of the valley where the bottom is overgrown by non-forest communities. The results of the study indicate that it is necessary to enlarge the area of the existing nature reserve.

The vegetation of steppe and forest-steppe belts of the Central Altai

2013 ◽  
pp. 9-35
Author(s):  
N. I. Makunina
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cover ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
The West ◽  
Central Altai ◽  
The North ◽  
Steppe Belt ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
Steep Slopes

Steppe and forest-steppe belts in Central Altai occupy the bottoms of inter-mountain basins, expanded river valleys and surrounding mountains. The studied 4 steppe sites give sublatitudinal discontinuous range. The Kanskaya basin is rounded, the Ursulskaya one and the Chuya river (lower reaches) valleys are elongated from the east to the west while the steppe site of the Katun river valley — from the south to the north. The Kanskaya basin has a rounded shape while the Ursulskaya basin and the Chuya river valley (lower reaches) are elongated in the latitudinal direction, the steppe site of the Katun river valley — in longitudinal one. The configuration of the surrounding mountains is different: Kanskaya basin is surrounded by gradual mountain ridges with rare outcrops while valley boards of Katun and Chuya rivers are steep and rocky. Steppe belt ((600) 800–1100 m above s. l.) occupies the bottoms of the basins (expanded river valleys) and sun exposed adjoining slopes. Forest-steppe belt (1100–1400 m) occurs on the boards of the basins and includes 2 subbelts: the transitional lower (1100–1200 m) and the main upper (1200–1400 m) ones. It is continuous in the Kanskaya and the Ursulskaya basins and fragmented on the slopes of the Katun and Chuya river valleys. The plant cover structure of each belt is determined by altitudinal types of communities as well as by stands of rocky sites (so called petrophytic steppes). Studied steppes belong to classes Festuco-Brometea (FB) — order Stipetalia sibiricae and Cleistogenetea squarrosae (Cs) — orders Helictotrichetalia schelliani and Stipetalia krylovii. The forest vegetation within the forest-steppe belt goes to Rhytidio-Laricetea (RL) and Brachypodio–Betuletea (BB)and steppe meadows — to Molinio-Arrhenatheretea (MA) — order Carici macrouri–Crepidetalia sibiricae. The phytocoenotic spectra of altitudinal and petrophytic types of communities in steppe and in the upper part of forest-steppe belts are similar in all four sites. The key association in steppe belt is Fragario viridis–Stipetum capillatae (FB). These in the forest-steppe belt are larch herb forests of the ass. Anemonoido caeruleae–Pinetum sylvestris laricetosum (BB), steppe meadows of the ass. Cruciato krylovii–Poetum sibiricae (MA) and the meadow steppes of two vicarious associations — Violo dissectae–Achnatheretum sibiricae (FB) in the Kanskaya basin and Cruciato krylovii–Caricetum pediformis (FB) in three other sites. The petrophytic steppes belong to two associations: Kitagawio baicalensis–Cleistogenetum squarrosae (Cs) on the sun exposed slopes and Galio paniculati–Caraganetum arborescentis (FB) on shadow ones within the steppe belt, and to subass. Carici pediformis–Spiraetum trilobatae schizonepetosum multifidae (FB) that occurs only on sun exposed slopes within the forest-steppe belt. The differences of phytocoenotic spectra of studied sites are determined by the vegetation of the transitional stripe. Forest communities of the ass. Primulo cortusoidis–Laricetum sibiricae (RL) cover the gentle slopes of the Kanskaya and Ursulskaya basins, petrophytic stands of the ass. Carici pediformis–Spiraetum trilobatae schizonepetosum multifidae (FB) occupy rocky sites. Forest communities of the ass. Galio paniculati–Laricetum sibiricae (RL) are commonon the steep slopes of the Katun and Chuya river valleys and petrophytic stands belong to the ass. Kitagawio baicalensis–Cleistogenetum squarrosae (Cs). The bottom of the Katun river valley with the very specific mesoclimate is occupied by steppe ass. Artemisio frigidae–Stipetum krylovii (Cs) that in general is not typical for the studied area.

scholarly journals Vegetation Diversity of Screes and Taluses of The Pamir and South-Western Tian Shan in Middle Asia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Nowak ◽  
Sebastian Świerszcz ◽  
Sylwia Nowak ◽  
Marcin Nobis
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Vegetation Diversity ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Middle Asia ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Phytosociological Relevés ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Tian Shan

AbstractThis paper presents the results of phytosociological research on scree vegetation of the Pamir and south-western Tian Shan. We collected 222 phytosociological relevés during field studies conducted in 2015–2019, applying the Braun-Blanquet approach. We identified 21 plant communities on mobile and stabilized screes of colluvial cones, aprons and fans, inhabiting mainly the montane and alpine belts in several ranges (e.g. Peter the First, Alichur, Shugnan, Shachdarian, Darvaz, Rushan, Vanch, Fergana, Kyrgyz and Terskey ranges). As a result we provide the first comprehensive hierarchical syntaxonomic synopsis of scree communities at montane and alpine elevations in the eastern Middle Asia. The collected vegetation relevés represent the majority of the variation among the phytocoenoses of gravel, pebble, cobble and rock block slides and screes in the montane and alpine belts. As a result of field studies and Twinspan analyses, nine associations were identified on screes of the Pamir and western Tian Shan. All these communities were assigned to the Sileno brahuicae-Lactucetalia orientalis Nowak et al. 2021. Additionally, within the nitrophilous compact gravel screes one subassociation of Corydalidetum kashgaricae trigonelletosum gontscharovii was distinguished. In the most arid zone two additional plant associations and one subassociation were identified in gravelly semi-deserts zone. The main factors determining the species composition of the studied associations are scree mobility, rock particle size, elevation above sea level and slope inclination. Our research revealed considerable diversity of scree habitats of montane and alpine belts what might be astonishing regarding harsh environment of this mountainous territory. However, a great number of lineages that evolved here and particularly rich species pool of this habitat in Middle Asia facilitate remarkable diversity among vegetation of taluses and screes. The distinctiveness of species composition is additionally enhanced by high degree of endemism of chasmophytic habitats in the eastern part of Middle Asia. Despite recent developments, the prominent chasmophytic vegetation of Middle Asia still needs thorough studies focused on its relationship to semi-desert, tall-forb and petrophytic communities of high mountains of the Pamir, Hindu-Kush, Kunlun and Central Tian Shan.

Marshland vegetation of the class Phragmito-Magnocaricetea in northwest Croatia (Krapina river valley)

Biologia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zvjezdana Stančić
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cover ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Invasive Alien Plant ◽  
Plant Life Forms

AbstractMarshland vegetation of the class Phragmito-Magnocaricetea in the Krapina river valley was investigated during 2006 and 2007, and some sporadic investigations were made earlier. Phytosociological studies were carried out in accordance with the standard Braun-Blanquet methodology. As a result of the field work, and a small amount of data from the literature, 120 relevés were collected and 18 communities were established. For the purposes of comparison, the relevés were also classified using numerical methods. The clusters obtained mostly correspond to specific associations, but do not confirm the division into traditional vegetation alliances and orders. In the analysis of the ecological factors it is established that separation of the relevés is influenced by nutrient content, soil reaction, soil moisture, depth of water, and type of management. Analysis of the plant life forms shows, in all marshland communities, a prevalence of hemicryptophytes, geophytes and hydrophytes. The most widespread marshland communities of the investigated area are: Phalaridetum arundinaceae, Phragmitetum australis and Galio palustris-Caricetum ripariae. Furthermore, Carex randalpina community is recorded for the first time in Croatia. The most threatened marshland communities could be considered to be: Carex randalpina community, Caricetum vesicariae, Leersietum oryzoidis and Oenantho-Rorippetum. They are selected because of their very small surfaces in the investigated area and the small number of known localities within the territory of Croatia. The most invasive alien plant species in the Krapina river valley is Solidago gigantea. It spreads in potential habitats of marshland vegetation, and it is recorded in the species composition of many marshland communities. For the preservation of marshland vegetation, and especially threatened types, it is necessary to maintain the water regime of the habitats, to not remove natural plant cover due to spreading of neophytes, and to provide occasional mowing and burning.

scholarly journals The preservation status of the lichen biota in the designed Special Area of Conservation NATURA 2000 „Middle Łyna River Valley – Smolajny”

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Kubiak ◽  
Paweł Czarnota ◽  
Anna Zduńczyk ◽  
Maria Dynowska ◽  
Grzegorz Leśniański ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natura 2000 ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Lichenicolous Fungi ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
Alder Forest ◽  
Lichen Biota ◽  
Forest Division ◽  
Special Area

The paper presents the list of 159 taxa, including 151 lichens and 8 saprotrophic or parasitic (lichenicolous) fungi, recorded in the designed Special Area of Conservation NATURA 2000 „Middle Łyna River Valley – Smolajny” (the Forest Division of Wichrowo). The analysed area (2953 ha) covers mostly forest communities, with natural character, associated with the valley of the Łyna river (hillside lime-oak-hornbeam forests, streamside alder-ash forest, riparian black alder forest).

Eocene paleo-physiography and drainage directions, southern Interior Plateau, British Columbia

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selina Tribe
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Coast Mountains ◽  
Base Level ◽  
The North ◽  
Bedrock Geology ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
Early Cenozoic

A map of reconstructed Eocene physiography and drainage directions is presented for the southern Interior Plateau region, British Columbia south of 53°N. Eocene landforms are inferred from the distribution and depositional paleoenvironment of Eocene rocks and from crosscutting relationships between regional-scale geomorphology and bedrock geology of known age. Eocene drainage directions are inferred from physiography, relief, and base level elevations of the sub-Eocene unconformity and the documented distribution, provenance, and paleocurrents of early Cenozoic fluvial sediments. The Eocene landscape of the southern Interior Plateau resembled its modern counterpart, with highlands, plains, and deeply incised drainages, except regional drainage was to the north. An anabranching valley system trending west and northwest from Quesnel and Shuswap Highlands, across the Cariboo Plateau to the Fraser River valley, contained north-flowing streams from Eocene to early Quaternary time. Other valleys dating back at least to Middle Eocene time include the North Thompson valley south of Clearwater, Thompson valley from Kamloops to Spences Bridge, the valley containing Nicola Lake, Bridge River valley, and Okanagan Lake valley. During the early Cenozoic, highlands existed where the Coast Mountains are today. Southward drainage along the modern Fraser, Chilcotin, and Thompson River valleys was established after the Late Miocene.

scholarly journals The role of soil in bioclimatology – a review

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (Special Issue No. 1) ◽  
pp. S30-S41
Author(s):  
K. Rajkai
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cover ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Dew Formation ◽  
Soil Climate ◽  
Local Weather

Soil’s part in bioclimatology is not defined and formulated yet. We interpret soil together with its plant cover as primary climate modifier for organisms living on, and within it. At the same time evaporating soil together with its transpiring vegetation is affecting the climate, and functioning as secondary climate modifier in context of bioclimatology. Selected Hungarian studies are used to highlight four primary and three secondary soil modifier actions connected to bioclimatology. Both primary and secondary soil modifier roles coupled mainly to soil hydro-physical properties. The first primary soil climate modifier action is the dew formation in the surface of sandy soils. As dew 80 mm of water can annually be transported from the subsoil to soil surface. Positive water resource value of dew is still not completely accepted. The second primary soil climate modifier example presents different amounts of usable soil moisture resource in two oak forest habitats with different species composition of herbs. In the third primary soil example the microclimate of the wetter habitat with deeper soil and denser herb vegetation of the oak forest – estimated by inverse modelling – showed higher shading, air moisture content and lower soil coverage than that of dry one. In the fourth primary soil modifier example forest hydrology is quantified for a Scots pine forest. Amount of transpiration, evaporation, interception, and change in the soil water storage were quantified and modelled. As secondary soil climate modifier role CO<sub>2 emitting of different plant production forms and land-uses is shown. Estimated CO2 production burning fuels for soil and plant cultivation is one to threefold of the organic extensive and intensive plant production farm consecutively in 2001. For the estimative calculations cost data of the farms are used. Amount of CO<sub>2</sub> fixed in the crop biomass is also one to threefold as estimated with the regional scale formula of CEEMA (Canadian Economic and Emission Model for Agriculture). Two secondary soil modifier examples of soil texture and land use pattern’s influence on local weather phenomena and near surface atmospheric processes as storm move and development are presented yet. Both studies demonstrate the significance of site-specific soil hydraulic parameters – as field capacity, usable and actual water storage – in formation of the local weather through the soil evaporation and plant transpiration in modelling studies. Of course variety of soil’s role is much wider as the examples show and even it is not known completely at present. Soil’s role in bioclimatology as new discipline will expectably be formulated in the future.

scholarly journals Does Protection Really Matter? A Case Study from Central European Oak Forests

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Kamila Reczyńska ◽  
Krzysztof Świerkosz
Keyword(s):  
Oak Forests ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
The Face ◽  
Phytosociological Relevés ◽  
Sw Poland ◽  
The One ◽  
Duration Of Protection

In the face of a rapidly changing global environment, detailed research into the actual role of protected areas (PAs) in preventing the destruction of ecosystems and the loss of biodiversity became particularly important. Using 304 phytosociological relevés of oak forests from SW Poland, we monitored their state of preservation reflected by the share of synanthropes (Ws-c index) in relation to (i) duration of protection, (ii) status of protected area, (iii) main topographic factors, and (iv) bedrock type. We show that the Ws-c index of studied forests depends primarily on the habitat conditions, especially bedrock type, while both the duration and status of protection are not relevant. The most disturbed are forests developing on serpentine substrates regardless of whether they are protected or not. Within the rest of the investigated sites, the Ws-c index is significantly lower and does not meaningfully differ between protected and unprotected areas. On the one hand, our results suggest that the fact of establishing protection does not ensure a favourable state of conservation of forest communities. On the other hand, well-preserved forest communities can also be expected outside PAs what makes them an important target for nature protection in the future.

Vegetation diversity of the two Dinaric karstic rivers in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Biologia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anđelka Lasić ◽  
Nenad Jasprica
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Vegetation Diversity ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Phytosociological Relevés

AbstractPlant communities were studied along two oligotrophic karstic rivers – Trebižat and Lištica – from 2007 to 2009. Based on 93 phytosociological relevés, using Braun–Blanquet methods, a total of 25 plant associations were recognised in the rivers and nearby surveyed area. These associations have been subordinated to 11 alliances, eight orders and six classes:

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