scholarly journals SEM and stereoscope microscope observations on the seeds of the Polish species of the genus Sorbus L. (Rosaceae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irmina Maciejewska-Rutkowska ◽  
Leszek Bednorz
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Seed Morphology

This paper presents the results of the study on seed morphology of five Polish species of the genus <em>Sorbus</em> L. (<em>S. aria</em> (L.) Crantz, <em>S. aucuparia</em> L. Emend. Hedl., <em>S. chamaemespilus</em> (L.) Crantz, <em>S. intermedia</em> (Ehrh.) Pers. and <em>S. torminalis</em> (L.) Crantz). Observations and measurements were carried out with stereoscope and scanning microscopes. Four types of seed microsculpture were distinguished on the ground of SEM observations. The key to determine Polish species, based on morphological characters of seeds is given too.

Seed micromorphology of central European Orobanche and Phelipanche (Orobanchaceae) in relation to preferred hosts and systematic implications

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Piwowarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Periclinal Wall ◽  
Taxonomic Criterion ◽  
Seed Micromorphology ◽  
Wall Perforation ◽  
Almost All

Holoparasitic genera within family Orobanchaceae are characterised by greatly reduced vegetative organs; therefore, seed micromorphology has proved to be a useful complementary taxonomic criterion. Seeds of 160 samples from 54 localities of 26 taxa of the Orobanche and Phelipanche genera occurring in central Europe, specifically from Poland, the Czech Republic, Austria and Slovakia, supplemented by samples from Spain, France and Ukraine, were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Thirteen quantitative or qualitative morphological characters of seeds were analysed. The following three types of periclinal wall sculpture of seeds were identified: veined and fibrillar in Phelipanche; with oval or elliptic perforations (pitted) in almost all species of Orobanche; with outer periclinal wall smooth, granular or rugged (very rarely visibly pitted), impeding vision of the inner one, occurring only in O. gracilis Sm. and O. coerulescens Stephan in Willd. The influence of different hosts on the features of seeds of eight species is also presented, as well as relationships between seed morphology and taxonomic classification, including problematic taxa. The best diagnostic features include type of ornamentation of the periclinal wall, perforation diameter (in pitted sculpture), fibrillar diameter (in fibrillar sculpture) and width of anticlinal walls. Size and shape of the seeds and cells and the presence of median troughs are variable; however, these features can be helpful when using larger samples. The usefulness of micromorphological studies on seeds of Orobanche and Phelipanche is demonstrated.

scholarly journals Study morphology of loquat plants (Eriobotrya Japonica Lindl.) from Karo, Dairi, and Simalungun Districts, North Sumatra

2021 ◽  
Vol 912 (1) ◽  
pp. 012103
Author(s):  
Elimasni ◽  
R A Nasution
Keyword(s):  
Binary Data ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Eriobotrya Japonica ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
The Public

Abstract Abstrak. Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) is a flowering plant that belongs to the Rosacea family. The loquat has many health benefits. Cultivation and information about loquat plants in Indonesia are still limited, so they are rarely found and known by the public. Limited information and data regarding loquat plants is also an obstacle to the development of loquat plants. Research on loquat plants aims to analyze the morphological characters in three districts, namely, Karo, Dairi, and Simalungun districts. This research was conducted using a descriptive method. The analysis of the morphological characteristics of loquat plants using morphological data scoring into binary data. The similarity between individuals was analyzed using clusters with the NTSYS program version 2.0 with the UPGMA method of the SimQual function. Morphological Observation Results Loquat plants (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) in Karo, Dairi, and Simalungun Districts have uniform characters in the morphology of stems, leaves, and flowers. However, the observed fruit and seed morphology showed different characters. Different characters exist in the shape of the fruit and seeds. The morphological similarity level of loquat plants was grouped at a similarity coefficient value of 95%. Clusters I and II have the highest similarity with a coefficient value of 100%. Cluster III has the lowest similarity with a coefficient value of 97%.

Comparative seed morphology of Thuja occidentalis (eastern white cedar) from upland and lowland sites

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 434-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher H. Briand ◽  
Usher Posluszny ◽  
Douglas W. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Thuja Occidentalis ◽  
White Cedar ◽  
Character Variation ◽  
Eastern White Cedar ◽  
Individual Trees

As part of an investigation of the extent of habitat-specific variation in Thuja occidentalis L., cones were collected from cliff (dry upland) and swamp (wet lowland) sites in southern Ontario. The number of seeds per cone, number of fully developed seeds per cone, seed fresh weight, length, and width, length and width of embryo area, and length and width of right wing were determined. Seed yield on a per cone basis did not vary between habitat types or among sites within habitats. There was, however, significant variation among trees within sites. Individual seed characters did not vary between habitat types, but significant variation existed among sites within habitats, among trees within sites, and among cones within trees. Only the width of right wing failed to show cone to cone variation within individual trees. The majority of explainable variance for all characters could be apportioned to trees within sites. This and a relatively low degree of cone to cone variation suggest that the seed morphological characters were under strong maternal control. Differences among sites are thought to be the result of local environmental variation rather than genetic differences. The lack of habitat-specific seed character variation indicates that contrasting moisture regimes have little effect on quantitative seed morphology. No evidence exists for ecotypic variation with respect to seed morphology. Key words: Thuja occidentalis, eastern white cedar, seed morphology, ecotypes, cliff, swamp.

The systematic position of the genus Rhinanthus (Scrophulariaceae) in North America

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 1443-1449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert van Hulst ◽  
Andrée Thériault ◽  
Bill Shipley
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Seed Proteins ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Species Level ◽  
General Morphology ◽  
Interpopulation Variation

North American plants of the genus Rhinanthus are generally designated as R. crista-galli L., or sometimes as R. borealis (Sterneck) Druce or R. stenophyllus (Schur) Druce. The name R. crista-galli, however, has been declared a nomen dubium, and in Europe the corresponding plant is now known as R. minor L. We have compared North American and European material of Rhinanthus on the basis of general morphology, soluble seed proteins, and seed morphology. General morphology proved to be a poor guide to interpopulation variation in these highly plastic plants, even when aided by numerical methods. Seed protein banding has already been shown to be an extremely valuable and stable guide to taxonomy at or below the species level. We have demonstrated four distinct protein banding types in our material: a southeastern Canadian type (S), a northern Canadian type (N), a European type (E), and a hybrid between S and N. Subsequently, we have attempted to allocate populations to the correct seed protein type on the basis of seed morphology alone using discriminant analysis. This allocation is correct in the great majority of cases. We propose that both the southern Canadian and European types be designated as R. minor var. minor (although the two types can in some cases be distinguished on the basis of seed proteins), and that the northern Canadian type be called R. minor var. borealis. We also present a survey of the seed morphological characters that serves to distinguish the two varieties.

scholarly journals Morphological characters of the seed coat in selected species of the genus Hypericum L. and their taxonomic value

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Szkudlarz ◽  
Zbigniew Celka
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Final Development ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Hypericum Species

Abstract Eight Hypericum species are native to Poland: H. elegans Stephan ex Willd., H. hirsutum L., H. humifusum L., H. maculatum Crantz, H. montanum L., H. perforatum L., H. pulchrum L., and H. tetrapterum Fr. Only seeds of H. elegans were investigated in detail in Poland before, so here we present results of qualitative and quantitative analyses of seed morphology of the other 7 species, based on characters like seed length, width, and shape, seed coat sculpture, shape of epidermal cells of the testa, and number of epidermal cells along the seed axis. The results show that seeds of the studied species are small, 0.56-1.15 mm long and 0.26-0.49 mm wide. In SEM images, seed coat sculpture is reticulate in 5 species, papillate in H. hirsutum, and cup-shaped in H. pulchrum. The differences are caused by the varied final development of the testa epidermis, which constitutes the outer layer of the seed coat. The mean number of epidermal cells along the seed axis ranges from 22 to 33. Results of cluster analysis, based on the agglomeration method and including also published data on seeds of H. elegans, show that the variation in the investigated characters of seeds is reflected in the taxonomic division of the genus into sections.

Taxonomic revision of Bromeliaceae subfam. Tillandsioideae based on a multi-locus DNA sequence phylogeny and morphology

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 279 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL H.J. BARFUSS ◽  
WALTER TILL ◽  
ELTON M.C. LEME ◽  
JUAN P. PINZÓN ◽  
JOSÉ M. MANZANARES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Plastid Dna ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Stigma Morphology

A taxonomic revision of Bromeliaceae subfam. Tillandsioideae is presented based on a multi-locus DNA sequence phylogeny (viz., plastid DNA loci rpoB-trnC-petN, trnK-matK-trnK, and ycf1, and the nuclear DNA gene PHYC) and new or re-evaluated morphology (e.g., leaf, inflorescence, sepal, petal, ovary, stigma, stamen, pollen, ovule, and seed morphology). This enables the circumscription of monophyletic units using synapomorphic combinations of diagnostic morphological characters. Stigma morphology has proven to be indicative for super-specific taxa in Tillandsioideae. One new stigma type and several subtypes of previously described stigmas were found. The four tribes proposed earlier are mostly confirmed, but Catopsideae replaces the formerly used name Pogospermeae for the monotypic tribe of Catopsis. In addition, the two new subtribes Cipuropsidinae and Vrieseinae are proposed within tribe Vrieseeae. Several new genera are established to render taxonomic units monophyletic and morphologically well circumscribed. They represent segregates of either Mezobromelia (Gregbrownia: 4 spp.), Tillandsia (viz., Barfussia: 3 spp., Josemania: 5 spp., Lemeltonia: 7 spp., Pseudalcantarea: 3 spp., and Wallisia: 4 spp. and 1 hybrid), or Vriesea (viz., Goudaea: 2 spp., Jagrantia: 1 sp., Lutheria: 4 spp., Stigmatodon: 18 spp., and Zizkaea: 1 spp.). The new subgenera Tillandsia subg. Pseudovriesea and T. subg. Viridantha are established, and T. subg. Aerobia is resurrected. An identification key to all accepted genera of Bromeliaceae subfam. Tillandsioideae is provided. Furthermore, to clarify nomenclatural uncertainties, typifications are proposed for Catopsis subg. Tridynandra, Thecophyllum [unranked] Biflorae, Tillandsia subg. Aerobia, T. sect. Caricifoliae, T. sect. Conostachys, T. sect. Cyathophora, T. sect. Eriophyllum, T. sect. Macrocyathus, T. sect. Platystachys Baker auct. non al., Tillandsia sect. Strepsia, Vriesea subg. Conostachys Mez auct. non al., T. lindenii K. Koch auct. non al., and T. macropetala.

scholarly journals Achene morphology and pericarp anatomy of Anemone Hepatica and Pulsatilla (Anemoninae, Ranunculaceae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balkrishna Ghimire ◽  
Dong Chan Son ◽  
Dabin Yum ◽  
Jae Hyun Kim ◽  
Mi Jin Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Taxonomic Rank ◽  
Its Phylogeny ◽  
Cell Form ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Taxonomic Implications ◽  
One Way Anova

Abstract Background Fruit morphological characters have contributing useful taxonomic data and thus used to discriminate the species in different taxonomic rank. The fruit and seed morphology and anatomy in the family Ranunculaceae has been a long history and proved to be a great value for its phylogeny. Methods Achene morphology and pericarp anatomy of 12 taxa representing three genera (Anemone, Hepatica, and Pulsatilla) of tribe Anemoninae were investigated using microtome and light microscopy (LM) to evaluate taxonomic implications of achene characters. Results The achenes of Anemone were elliptical or obovoid and beaked, whereas the achene of Hepatica and Pulsatilla were obovoid and elliptical, respectively. Noticeable variations in both quantitative and qualitative features of achenes were observed among the species of three genera. One-way ANOVA indicated that the quantitative achene variables among the species were highly significant (P < 0.001). Pearson’s correlation coefficient also showed a significant correlation between different achene variables. The pericarp structure, particularly the number of cell layers and cell form in exocarp and endocarp seems to very useful for species delimitation in Amenome and Hepatica. The nature of endotesta could provide a substantial proof for sub-generic classification in Anemone. The UPGMA analysis also showed the utility of achene features for taxonomic groupings of the species within studied genera. Conclusion Although the sampling specimens represented a limited range of taxa the achene features and pericarp anatomy provide a reasonable source for the taxonomic treatment of studied genera within the tribe.

Systematic significance of seed morphology in Acanthophyllum (Caryophyllaceae: tribe Caryophylleae) in Iran

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 387 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
ATEFEH PIRANI ◽  
SHAHIN ZARRE ◽  
RICHARD RABELER ◽  
MOSTAFA ASSADI ◽  
MOHAMMAD REZA JOHARCHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Infrageneric Classification ◽  
Additional Section ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Seed Characters ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Natural Groups

Acanthophyllum, with ca. 90 spiny cushion-forming species, is one of the largest genera of Caryophyllaceae. Although taxonomic utility of seed morphology has already been highlighted in different genera of Caryophyllaceae, the systematic value of seed characters in Acanthophyllum has not been adequately addressed. In order to evaluate the application of seed morphology in infrageneric classification of Acanthophyllum, we surveyed seed characters in the five Iranian sections of Acanthophyllum. Seed morphology of 32 accessions of Acanthophyllum representing 21 species and four sections were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Seed morphological characters of two species from one additional section were included based on previous studies in the Caryophyllaceae. Seeds in the majority of examined species are oblong in outline. Five types of seed surface can be considered: reticulate, reticulate-papillate, colliculate, colliculate-papillate, and colliculate-columellate. Papillae type is a reliable character for separation of certain natural groups within Acanthophyllum. Seed features provided strong evidences for separating sections, especially the following ones: Acanthophyllum, Macrostegia and Pleiosperma, whose seeds showed a high degree of uniformity among the sampled species. Morphological characteristics of seeds were less useful for discriminating Acanthophyllum species. While seed characters are consistent within individual populations, they can vary among different populations of an individual species. Our results show that variation in seed morphological characters are in agreement with phylogenetic patterns within Acanthophyllum.

Taxonomic implications of seed morphology and storage proteins in three tribes of the subfamily Papilionoideae (Fabaceae) in Egypt

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 484 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-95
Author(s):  
MOSTAFA A. ABOULELA ◽  
ZEINAB A. EL-KAREMY ◽  
HASNAA A. HOSNI ◽  
SARA M. SALEH ◽  
AHMED M. FARIED
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Seed Storage Proteins ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
The Core ◽  
Phylogenetic Implications ◽  
And Storage

Papilionoideae is the most species-rich subfamily of Fabaceae. Within Papilionoideae, the “core genistoids” comprise many genera of the tribes Podalyrieae, Thermopsideae, Euchresteae, Crotalarieae, Genisteae, and part of Sophoreae. Seed macro- and micro-morphological characters and seed storage proteins of 12 Egyptian species belonging to three tribes of the core genistoides (Sophoreae, Crotalarieae, and Genisteae) were examined using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. Seed shape, size, surface topography, hilum characteristics, epidermal cell patterns, periclinal cell walls, and anticlinal cell boundaries are described here. Seed protein profiles show variable banding patterns with molecular weights ranging from approximately 5 to 270 kDa. Multivariate analyses based on seed morphology and storage proteins elucidate the phenetic relationships among the investigated species at both the tribal and intrageneric levels. The taxonomic and phylogenetic implications of multivariate analyses are compared with previous and current systematic treatments of the genera within the three tribes. Our results confirm the high taxonomic importance of seed morphology in distinguishing among the investigated species. A key to the species using seed macro- and micro-morphological characters is presented.

Verbascum duzgunbabadagensis (Scrophulariaceae), a new species from eastern Anatolia, Turkey

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 181 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faik Ahmet Karavelioğulları ◽  
Ebru YÜCE ◽  
Birol Başer
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Eastern Anatolia ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
A New Species

Verbascum duzgunbabadagensis (Scrophulariaceae) is described and illustrated as a new species endemic to eastern Anatolia, Turkey. In this study, diagnostic morphological characters of this and closely related species (V. luciliae and V. rupicola) are discussed. Pollen and seed morphology of the new species and of similar taxa are documented. The seeds of this group are brown in color and oblong in V. luciliae and V. rupicola, whereas they are dark brown in color and ovate in shape in V. duzgunbabadagensis. Furthermore, distribution maps for the three taxa are provided.

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