scholarly journals Ultrastructural changes in aster yellows phytoplasma affected Limonium sinuatum Mill. plants II. Pathology of cortex parenchyma cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Rudzińska-Langwald ◽  
Maria Kamińska
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Internal Space ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Aster Yellows ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Aster Yellows Phytoplasma

In <em>Limonium sinuatum</em> Mill, plants with severe symptoms of aster yellows infection phytoplasmas were present not only in the phloem but also in some cortex parenchymas cells. These parenchyma cells were situated at some distance from the conducting bundles. The phytoplasmas were observed directly in parenchyma cells cytoplasm. The number of phytoplasmas present in each selected cell varies. The cells with a small number of phytoplasmas show little pathological changes compared with the unaffected cells of the same zone of the stem as well with the cells of healthy plants. The cells filled with a number of phytoplasmas had their protoplast very much changed. The vacuole was reduced and in the cytoplasm a reduction of the number of ribosomes was noted and regions of homogenous structure appeared. Mitochondria were moved in the direction of the tonoplast and plasma membrane. Compared to the cells unaffected by phytoplasma, the mitochondria were smaller and had an enlarged cristae internal space. The chloroplasts from affected cells had a very significant reduction in size and the tylacoids system had disappeared. The role of these changes for creating phytoplasma friendly enviroment is discused.

scholarly journals Ultrastructural changes in aster yellows phytoplasma affected Limonium sinuatum Mill. plants.I Pathology of conducting tissues

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Rudzińska-Langwald ◽  
Maria Kamińska
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Sieve Tube ◽  
Sieve Element ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Sieve Elements ◽  
Aster Yellows ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Sieve Tubes ◽  
Aster Yellows Phytoplasma

Changes in anatomy and cytology of conducting tissues of <em>Limonium sinuatum</em> Mill. plants affected by aster yellows phytoplasma were investigated. In the phloem tissues of affected plants stem necrosis takes place. In necrotic regions no sieve tubes were observed only necrotic cells and parenchyma cells. The sieve tubes present on the border of necrosis showed collapsed walls and were rich in vesicles. Phytoplasma cells were observed in sieve tubes present in nonnecrotic regions of the phloem. Various structural changes in sieve elements were investigated. The endoplasmic reticulum cistemae were often localised in the lumen of the sieve element without contact with the walls. Such localisation of endoplasmic reticulum was never observed in healthy plants. Vesicles of different size, fuzzy material and clumping of p-proteins were characteristic for sieve elements from nonnecrotic part of phloem. No correlation with the sieve tube structure and the appearance of phytoplasma in a single sieve element was found. In control plants of <em>L. sinuatum</em> phloem observed were phloem parenchyma cells with spiny vesicles (SV). In infected plants there were a remarkable increase in cells with SV. Also the SV itself had not only a vesicular but also a tubular or extended cistern shape.

scholarly journals Changes of ultrastructure and cytoplasmic free calcium in Gladiolus x hybridus Van Houtte roots infected by aster yellows phytoplasma

2011 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Rudzińska-Langwald ◽  
Maria Kamińska
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Sieve Tube ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Free Calcium ◽  
Aster Yellows ◽  
Companion Cells ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Sieve Tubes ◽  
Aster Yellows Phytoplasma

Roots of <em>Gladiolus </em>x <em>hybridus </em>Van Houtte plants infected with aster yellows phytoplasma were examined. The infected plants had a reduced root system in comparison to control plants. Their roots were thinner and the stele organisation was changed. Phytoplasmas were present in sieve tubes, companion cells and phloem parenchyma cells of the infected plant roots. Free calcium ions were localized in the cells of infected plants. Cells of the stele of infected roots, especially these infected with phytoplasmas, showed an increase of calcium antimonite deposits in theirs protoplasts. Also the number of calcium antimonite deposits increased in sieve tubes of infected roots. The deposits were present on plasma membrane, around the sieve tube plate and also in the lumen of the sieve tube. The increase of free calcium ions in sieve tubes did not cause the occlusion of sieve tube pores. Companion cells and some parenchyma cells with phytoplasmas did not react to phytoplasma infection with an increase of Ca<sup>2+</sup> ions in protoplast. The parenchyma cells showing signs of degeneration reacted with high increase of calcium ions. The Ca<sup>2+</sup> ions were present mainly in cytoplasm of infected parenchyma cells. There were calcium antimonite deposits in infected plant roots xylem elements and in intracellular spaces of cortex parenchyma. Such deposits were not present in control plants.

Role of Exosomes in the Exchange of Spermatozoa after Leaving the Seminiferous Tubule: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 330-338
Author(s):  
Luming Wu ◽  
Yuan Ding ◽  
Shiqiang Han ◽  
Yiqing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Seminiferous Tubule ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Multivesicular Bodies ◽  
Extensive Search ◽  
Neurological Research ◽  
The One

Background: Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from cells upon fusion of an intermediate endocytic compartment with the plasma membrane. They refer to the intraluminal vesicles released from the fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. The contents and number of exosomes are related to diseases such as metabolic diseases, cancer and inflammatory diseases. Exosomes have been used in neurological research as a drug delivery tool and also as biomarkers for diseases. Recently, exosomes were observed in the seminal plasma of the one who is asthenozoospermia, which can affect sperm motility and capacitation. Objective: The main objective of this review is to deeply discuss the role of exosomes in spermatozoa after leaving the seminiferous tubule. Methods: We conducted an extensive search of the literature available on relationships between exosomes and exosomes in spermatozoa on the bibliographic database. Conclusion: : This review thoroughly discussed the role that exosomes play in the exchange of spermatozoa after leaving the seminiferous tubule and its potential as a drug delivery tool and biomarkers for diseases as well.

The role of plasmalogens, Forssman lipids, and sphingolipid hydroxylation in modulating the biophysical properties of the epithelial plasma membrane

2021 ◽  
Vol 154 (9) ◽  
pp. 095101
Author(s):  
Katie A. Wilson ◽  
Stephen J. Fairweather ◽  
Hugo I. MacDermott-Opeskin ◽  
Lily Wang ◽  
Richard A. Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Biophysical Properties

scholarly journals Spontaneous Abortion and Chikungunya Infection: Pathological Findings

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 554
Author(s):  
Natália Salomão ◽  
Michelle Brendolin ◽  
Kíssila Rabelo ◽  
Mayumi Wakimoto ◽  
Ana Maria de Filippis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Spontaneous Abortion ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chorionic Villi ◽  
Decidual Cells ◽  
Hofbauer Cells ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Maternal Fetal Transmission

Intrauterine transmission of the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) during early pregnancy has rarely been reported, although vertical transmission has been observed in newborns. Here, we report four cases of spontaneous abortion in women who became infected with CHIKV between the 11th and 17th weeks of pregnancy. Laboratorial confirmation of the infection was conducted by RT-PCR on a urine sample for one case, and the other three were by detection of IgM anti-CHIKV antibodies. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and an electron microscopy assay allowed us to find histopathological, such as inflammatory infiltrate in the decidua and chorionic villi, as well as areas of calcification, edema and the deposition of fibrinoid material, and ultrastructural changes, such as mitochondria with fewer cristae and ruptured membranes, endoplasmic reticulum with dilated cisterns, dispersed chromatin in the nuclei and the presence of an apoptotic body in case 1. In addition, by immunohistochemistry (IHC), we found a positivity for the anti-CHIKV antibody in cells of the endometrial glands, decidual cells, syncytiotrophoblasts, cytotrophoblasts, Hofbauer cells and decidual macrophages. Electron microscopy also helped in identifying virus-like particles in the aborted material with a diameter of 40–50 nm, which was consistent with the size of CHIKV particles in the literature. Our findings in this study suggest early maternal fetal transmission, adding more evidence on the role of CHIKV in fetal death.

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