scholarly journals Contemporary habitat and floristic changes in the Sudeten Mts

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Fabiszewski ◽  
Teresa Brej
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Mountain Forests ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Mountain Vegetation ◽  
Mountain Plants

The authors present the view that in the Sudeten for fourty years paralelly eutrophication and acidification processes are taking place, as a result of industrial emissions. This view is based on results of bioindication studies on pollution and accumulation of sulphur, nitrogen and heavy metals. At the same time, after 30 years, vegetation and floristic changes were investigated on permanent plots on the Śnieżnik and in the Karkonosze Mts. In most habitats a decrease of pH over 1.0 has been recorded, even in areas with calcium bedrock. Acid rains containing a lot of nitrates contribute to the fertilization of most of the ecosystems. The yearly fall of total nitrogen in the Sudeten ranges from 38 kg in the Karkonosze, to 59 kg/ha on the Śnieżnik, of nitrates - from 380 to 900 ppm/year, and sulphur, on the average, 1300 ppm/year in the whole Sudeten. The acidification of soil causes the inaccessibility of alcaline elements (magnesium, calcium) and mobilization of harmful for plants aluminium. Overfertilization of habitats, the lack of calcium and magnesium and the excess of aluminium cause unfavourable alterations in all phytocenoses in the Sudeten. The high mountain forests are particularly suffering, but also the high mountain vegetation and above all the subalpine swards exposed to acid rains. Examples of plant species which adapt themselves to the new ecological conditions, and mountain plants which reduce their range are given. In general, the typical mountain flora and vegetation of the Sudeten is endangered in the existing ecological conditions.

Multi-scale Patterns in Plant Species Richness of European High Mountain Vegetation

2019 ◽  
pp. 91-101
Author(s):  
Risto Virtanen ◽  
Thomas Dirnböck ◽  
Stefan Dullinger ◽  
Harald Pauli ◽  
Markus Staudinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Species Richness ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Mountain Vegetation

Patterns in the Plant Species Richness of European High Mountain Vegetation

2003 ◽  
pp. 149-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Virtanen ◽  
T. Dirnböck ◽  
S. Dullinger ◽  
G. Grabherr ◽  
H. Pauli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Species Richness ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Mountain Vegetation

Alpine vegetation of the Ivanovskiy, Prokhodnoy and Rossypnoy Ridges (Western Altai)

2015 ◽  
pp. 96-124
Author(s):  
E. G. Zibzeev ◽  
T. A. Nedovesova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Climate Forcing ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Rich Diversity ◽  
Mountain Systems ◽  
Mountain Vegetation ◽  
Coenotic Diversity

The mountain systems are characterized by diverse ecological conditions (climate, geomorphological, soil, etc.). The wide spectrum of environmental conditions entails a rich diversity of plant communities growing on the small territory and determines the different flora and vegetation geneses. The uniqueness of floristic and coenotic diversities of the high-mountain vegetation of the south of Western Altai (Ivanovskiy, Prokhodnoi, and Rossypnoi Ranges) are associated with the effect of two climate-forcing factors such as the westerly humid air mass and dry warm airflow from the inner Kazakhstan regions. The paper summarizes the data on coenotic diversity (Zibzeev, 2010, 2012) and gives a syntaxonomic analysis of the high-mountain vege­tation in the Ivanovskii, Prokhodnoi, and Rossypnoi Ranges (Western Altai, Kazakhstan). The classification of plant communities was carried out using the Braun-Blanquet approach (Westhoff, van der Maarel, 1973). The relevés records were stored in the TURBOVEG database and classified by ­TWINSPAN (Hill 1979).

scholarly journals Photoprotective Strategies in Mediterranean High-Mountain Grasslands

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Rosina Magaña Ugarte ◽  
María Pilar Gómez-Serranillos ◽  
Adrián Escudero ◽  
Rosario G. Gavilán
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Central Spain ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Optimal Functioning ◽  
Mountain Grasslands ◽  
Lutein Content ◽  
Mountain Plants

Albeit the remarkably high Ultraviolet B loads, high temperatures, and drought stress substantiate the need for efficient photoprotective strategies in Mediterranean high-mountain plants, these remain understudied. Considering the sensitivity of photosystems to extreme conditions, we evaluated an environmental gradient’s weight on the photoprotection of five high-mountain specialists from Central Spain. Diurnal and seasonal variations in chlorophyll, chlorophyll fluorescence, carotenoids, and xanthophylls in consecutive and climatically contrasting years were taken to evaluate the effect of the impending climate coarsening at the photosystem level. Our results revealed significant differences among species in the xanthophyll cycle functioning, acting either as a continuous photoprotective strategy enhancing photochemistry-steadiness; or prompted only to counteract the cumulative effects of atypically adverse conditions. The lutein cycle’s involvement is inferred from the high lutein content found in all species and elevations, acting as a sustained photoprotective strategy. These findings added to high de-epoxidation state (DEPS) and minor seasonal changes in the chlorophyll a/b ratio, infer the xanthophyll and Lutein cycles are crucial for upkeeping the photosystems’ optimal functioning in these plants heightening their photoprotective capacity during periods of more unfavorable conditions. Nevertheless, an atypically dry growing season’s detrimental effect infers the feasible surpassing of stress-thresholds and the precariousness of the communities’ functional diversity under climate change.

Slow understory redevelopment after clearcutting in high mountain forests

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 2339-2355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juergen Kreyling ◽  
Andreas Schmiedinger ◽  
Ellen Macdonald ◽  
Carl Beierkuhnlein
Keyword(s):  
High Mountain ◽  
Mountain Forests

Rangeland responses to pastoralists' grazing management on a Tibetan steppe grassland, Qinghai Province, China

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Harris ◽  
Leah H. Samberg ◽  
Emily T. Yeh ◽  
Andrew T. Smith ◽  
Wang Wenying ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Western China ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Qinghai Province ◽  
Preferred Species

Livestock grazing is the principal land use in arid central Asia, and range degradation is considered a serious problem within much of the high-elevation region of western China termed the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). Rangeland degradation on the QTP is variously attributed to poor livestock management, historical-cultural factors, changing land tenure arrangements or socioeconomic systems, climate change, and damage from small mammals. Few studies have examined currently managed pastures using detailed data capable of isolating fine-scale livestock–vegetation interactions. The aim of the study was to understand how differences among livestock (primarily sheep) management strategies of pastoralists during winter affected subsequent rangeland condition and productivity. Plant species composition, annual herbage mass, and indicators of erosion were quantified during four summers (2009–2012) on winter pastures managed by 11 different pastoralists on QTP steppe rangeland in Qinghai Province, China. Data came from repeated-measurements on 317 systematically located permanent plots, as well as pastoralist interviews and the use of GPS-equipped livestock. Relationships between annual weather variation and herbage mass were modelled using an independent set of vegetation measurements obtained from livestock exclosures. Account was taken of inherent site differences among pastures. Annual variation in herbage mass was found to be best fitted by a model containing a negative function of winter-season temperature and a positive function of spring-season temperature. Accounting for annual and site effects, significant differences among pastoralists were found for most response variables, suggesting that individual heterogeneity among management approaches had consequences, even among neighbouring pastoralists. Annual herbage mass of preferred plant species was positively associated, whereas that of unpreferred species was negatively associated, with mean sheep density and intensity of use. However, the proportion of bare soil, an index of erosion, and annual herbage mass of unpreferred forbs were found to have positive relationships with sheep grazing pressure during the preceding winter, whereas live vegetation cover and annual herbage mass of preferred grasses were negatively related. Thus, on a spatial scale, pastoralists responded adaptively to the cover of preferred plant species while not responding to total annual herbage mass. Pastoralists stocked pastures more heavily, and livestock used regions within pastures more intensively, where preferred species had a higher cover. However, where sheep grazing pressure was high, downward temporal trends in the herbage mass of preferred species were exacerbated. Pastures that were stocked at a lower density did not experience the negative trends seen in those with a higher density.

Selected Extracts from High Mountain Plants as Potential Sunscreens with Antioxidant Capacity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan C. Mejía‐Giraldo ◽  
Cecilia Gallardo ◽  
Miguel A. Puertas‐Mejía
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Mountain Plants

scholarly journals The Influence of Zn and Cd Accumulation on the Growth and Development of Medicinal Plants in the Impact Zone of the Novocherkassk Power Station

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Chaplygin ◽  
Tatiana Minkina ◽  
Saglara Mandzhieva ◽  
Dina Nevidomskaya ◽  
Natalia Chernikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Elytrigia Repens ◽  
Medical Plants ◽  
The Impact

Over the pastdecade, particular attention has been paid to studies of the chemical composition of medical plants to identify the possible negative consequences of using raw plant material polluted with heavy metals for the production of medical drugs. In our study, we analyzed the chemical composition of the medical plants growing in the impact area of the Novocherkassk power station. Specifically, the plants Artemisia austriaca, Poa pratensis and Elytrigia repenswere examined for the analysis.The content and distribution of Zn and Cd, which are most distributed in industrial emissions and belong to the first class of hazardous elements, were measured. The maximum permissible content (MPC) of Zn in the raw material of Artemisia austriaca and Elytrigia repens was found, as was the maximum content of Cd in all analyzed plants growing in the 5km area around thepower station. The plant Artemisia austriacawasfound to have Zn and Cd accumulation in itsabovegroundcomponents, while in Poa pratensis and Elytrigia repens, accumulation was in the roots. The morphobiometric parameters of the plants were mostly dependent on the soil properties, followed by the degree of technogenic load. The content of Zn and Cd in the medical drugs was higher than the MPC without visible features of heavy metal pollution and so these plants weredangerous for human health. Keywords: heavy metals, technogenic load, phytoreagents, morphometric parameters

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