scholarly journals Related to phyllotaxis interlocked systems of vascular sympodia and cortical resin canals in Abies and Picea shoots

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Zagórska-Marek ◽  
Alicja Banasiak
Keyword(s):  
Open System ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Plant Morphogenesis ◽  
Phyllotactic Pattern ◽  
System A ◽  
One Step ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Resin Canals ◽  
Cut Surface ◽  
Internal Architecture

We report on some new aspects of the internal architecture of conifer shoot, proving that it is even more strongly related to phyllotaxis than was initially thought. The number of vascular sympodia in an open system of <em>Abies</em> and <em>Picea</em> shoots is correlated with the number of cortical resin canals. Both numbers are the consecutive members of the phyllotactic series, which defines the phyllotactic pattern of the shoot. This means that the concentric systems of alternately oriented vascular sympodia and resin canals are interlocked, following the course of superficial opposite parastichies. Such pattern of inner architecture most likely contributes to the mechanical strengthening of the shoot. It also provides a new example of heterogenetic induction in plant morphogenesis because the development of orderly spaced resin canals is dependent upon earlier differentiation of vascular system. A rapid method of assessing the number of vascular sympodia becomes available by means of counting the number of discrete cortical resin canals visible on the cut surface of the shoot sectioned transversely. Despite being set up on the smaller radius, the number of sympodia is always one step higher in a phyllotactic series than the number of canals.

scholarly journals Structural Integrity of Vascular System in Branching Units of Coniferous Shoot

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Banasiak ◽  
Beata Zagórska-Marek
Keyword(s):  
Biological System ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Lateral Shoot ◽  
Developmental Processes ◽  
Phyllotactic Pattern ◽  
One Step ◽  
Resin Canals

In conifers with spiral phyllotaxis, two numbers: one of the vascular sympodia and the second of cortical resin canals, define the shoot anatomic diameter. This in turn reflects the size and vigor of the apical meristem. Both numbers belong to the mathematical series, associated with the shoot phyllotactic pattern. The number of canals is one step lower in a series than the number of sympodia. The first one, easier to determine, automatically defines the second. Using this protocol and screening the large number of branching shoots of selected conifers, we have discovered strong correlation between orientation of vascular sympodia in the lateral and supporting branches. There was no such correlation with regard to the chiral configurations of phyllotaxis. This finding reveals the presence of special phyllotactic compensation in the case of differences in anatomic diameter of the parental and lateral shoot under the imperative of maintaining the sympodia orientation within one branching unit. Phyllotaxis of the axillary apex is evidently not established at random but adapted to the condition of the subtending axis. The monopodial, regularly branching shoot of conifers is an attractive example of biological system, which is not a sum of independent, iteratively formed units. Rather, it appears to be an entity organized on hierarchically higher level, which emerges from coordination of developmental processes in a population of the units.

scholarly journals Protease-activated receptor signalling by coagulation proteases in endothelial cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 876-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Rezaie
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Activated Protein C ◽  
Integral Membrane Protein ◽  
Protease Activated Receptors ◽  
System A ◽  
Signalling Network ◽  
Protein Receptors ◽  
Activate Cell ◽  
G Protein Coupled

SummaryEndothelial cells express several types of integral membrane protein receptors, which upon interaction and activation by their specific ligands, initiate a signalling network that links extracellular cues in circulation to various biological processes within a plethora of cells in the vascular system. A small family of G-protein coupled receptors, termed protease-activated receptors (PAR1–4), can be specifically activated by coagulation proteases, thereby modulating a diverse array of cellular activities under various pathophysiological conditions. Thrombin and all vitamin K-dependent coagulation proteases, with the exception of factor IXa for which no PAR signalling has been attributed, can selectively activate cell surface PARs on the vasculature. Thrombin can activate PAR1, PAR3 and PAR4, but not PAR2 which can be specifically activated by factors VIIa and Xa. The mechanistic details of the specificity of PAR signalling by coagulation proteases are the subject of extensive investigation by many research groups worldwide. However, analysis of PAR signalling data in the literature has proved to be challenging since a single coagulation protease can elicit different signalling responses through activation of the same PAR receptor in endothelial cells. This article is focused on briefly reviewing the literature with respect to determinants of the specificity of PAR signalling by coagulation proteases with special emphasis on the mechanism of PAR1 signalling by thrombin and activated protein C in endothelial cells.

Factors affecting changes in rheological properties of blood – literature review

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-250
Author(s):  
Magdalena Kępińska ◽  
Zbigniew Szyguła ◽  
Zbigniew Dąbrowski ◽  
Marta Szarek
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
System A ◽  
High Elasticity ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Biochemical Indices

Erythrocytes have high elasticity and the ability to build blood aggregates, they can pass through the smallest capillaries, thus ensuring the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in all areas of the vascular system. A decrease in the deformability of erythrocytes may result in reduced blood flow and thereby the cause of many diseases. The increase in blood viscosity is observed, among others, in diabetes, hypertension, obesity and the elderly. Rheological studies of blood in conjunction with morphological and biochemical indices of blood provide valuable information about health of the patient. Any change in the viscosity of blood or plasma should be monitored, as this may indicate a health problem. The aim of the study was to present, based on the available scientific literature, physiological factors influencing changes in rheological properties of blood, for example: exercise, temperature and body weight

ANGIOMATOSIS (HAMARTOMATOUS HEM-LYMPHANGIOMATOSIS)

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Peter J. Koblenzer ◽  
Martin J. Bukowski
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
Histologic Examination ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Osteolytic Lesions ◽  
System A

A case is described of a diffuse, possibly generalized, abnormality of a hamartomatous nature of the peripheral vascular system. A number of cases from the literature, which also appear to belong in this category, are summarized. Histologic examination shows that lymph and blood vessels may both be involved, though this may be essentially an abnormality of the lymphatic system in which extensive venolymphatic communications occur. The clinical manifestations vary according to the site of involvement and the extent of dissemination and also according to whether the lesions are predominantly hemangiomatous or lymphangiomatous. The main features are osteolytic lesions, visceromegaly, cutaneous hemangiomas or lymphangiomas and massive effusions into any body cavity. The effusions are usually chylous, sanguineous or a mixture of both. Any or all of these features may be present in any one case. The disease frequently has its onset in childhood or adolescence and tends to be progressive. If the lesions are widely disseminated or an effusion into a body cavity is present the outlook is grave. Treatment so far has been unsuccessful. Surgery may occasionally have a place. The term angiomatosis is employed to denote this condition not only to underline its potentially extensive nature but also to avoid debate as to whether it is essentially hemangiomatosis or lymphangiomatosis.

Two in one: bifunctional derivatives of trolox acting as antimalarial and antioxidant agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 1845-1854
Author(s):  
Florence Souard ◽  
Edwige Nicolle ◽  
Delphine Cressend ◽  
Alexis Valentin ◽  
Ahcène Boumendjel
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Chemical Libraries ◽  
Falciparum Strain ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
One Step ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Derivatives Of

Background: The aim of the present work was to set-up compounds that are able to act simultaneously as antimalarial and antioxidants. Trolox, a known antioxidant was chosen as a core structure to ensure the antioxidant activity and contribute to antiplasmodial effect. Results: Ten compounds were prepared in one step and evaluated on chloroquino-sensitive (3D7) and chloroquino-resistant (FcB1) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. The most active compound (3d) shows antiplasmodial activity in the range of chloroquine against chloroquino-sensitive and chloroquino-resistant P. falciparum strain. The antioxidant activity of (3d) was conducted through four tests and was found to be more potent than trolox itself and L-ascorbic acid. Conclusion: Compound (3d) can be considered as an excellent lead molecule for further in vivo studies. This study paves the way for building large chemical libraries to be investigated in the field of malaria.

The effect of increased inputs to twin-bearing ewes within an extensive hill sheep system

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 64-64
Author(s):  
S. E. Pattinson ◽  
A. Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
General Belief ◽  
Large Scale Systems ◽  
Extensive System ◽  
System A ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
Set Up

There is a general belief that reduced stock numbers on hill areas will be beneficial to the environment. A decrease in stock numbers may lead to farmers opting for lower input systems of hill sheep production in order to reduce costs, to meet the requirements of specific schemes or simply to maintain profitability. A large scale systems experiment has been set up at SAC Kirkton and Auchtertyre Farms to examine the effects of extensification on the ecology, animal production and welfare and the socio-economics of the local community. Within this extensive system, a 4-year trial was undertaken to examine the effects of a limited increase in inputs to twin-bearing ewes which are particularly at risk within such a system.

scholarly journals Competence in using the arthroscopy stack system: a national survey of orthopaedic trainees in the UK

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-152
Author(s):  
G Manoharan ◽  
N Sharma ◽  
P Gallacher
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Electronic Survey ◽  
System A ◽  
Ensure Patient Safety ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Orthopaedic Training ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Arthroscopic Procedures

Introduction Surgeons are required to have a sound knowledge regarding all operating theatre equipment they wish to use. This is important to ensure patient safety and theatre efficiency. Arthroscopy forms a significant part of all orthopaedic subspecialty practice. Proficiency in performing arthroscopic procedures is assessed during registrar training. The aim of this survey was to determine the competence of orthopaedic trainee registrars in setting up the arthroscopy stack system and managing intraoperative problems. Materials and methods Electronic survey forms were sent to all orthopaedic training programme directors in the UK to be forwarded to trainees in their deanery. The electronic survey contained 13 questions aimed at determining trainee experience and competence level with working with the arthroscopy stack system. Results A total of 138 responses were received from 14 deaneries in the UK. Almost all registrars had experienced intraoperative delays because of equipment malfunction that required addressing by more competent staff. However, 82% of respondents had not received any formal training for operating the arthroscopy stack system. Some 82% of registrars of ST7 grade or above, who had performed over 50 arthroscopic procedures and achieved a level 4 PBA competence, were unable to set up the stack system and successfully address these delays. Conclusions Inadequate training is delivered to orthopaedic registrars from both the training programme and arthroscopy-themed courses with regards to set-up and operation of the arthroscopy tower system. This training should be part of the curriculum to ensure patient safety and efficient theatre practice.

Comprehensive Evaluation Based on AHP-Fuzzy about the Conception of Underground Container Transportation Lines in Shanghai

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 175-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
Si Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Actual Situation ◽  
Container Transportation ◽  
Container Transport ◽  
System A ◽  
Transportation Capacity ◽  
Functional Orientation ◽  
Set Up

Through the research and analysis of Shanghai Port Container transportation capacity, we can see that the construction of underground container transport system is important to transfer Shanghai into an international hub. Combined the functional orientation of the concept program of underground container lines with the underground characteristics of the container transport system, a system of evaluation target has been set up. Sorted the concept lines by using AHP-Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, the result can reflect the actual situation of concept lines objectively, and can also provide optimizational service for the concept program of underground container line.

scholarly journals Reinforcement Emotion-Cognition System: A Teaching Words Task

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minjia Li ◽  
Lun Xie ◽  
Anqi Zhang ◽  
Fuji Ren
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Emotional Interaction ◽  
System A ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategy ◽  
Emotion Generation ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Cooperative Relationship ◽  
Natural Interactions ◽  
Intelligent Learning Environments

The goal of this paper is to suggest a system for intelligent learning environments with robots modeling of emotion regulation and cognition based on quantitative motivation. A detailed interactive situation for teaching words is proposed. In this study, we introduce one bottom-up collaboration method for emotion-cognition interplay and behaviour decision-making. Integration with gross emotion regulation theory lets the proposed system adapt to natural interactions between students and the robot in emotional interaction. Four key ideas are advocated, and they jointly set up a reinforcement emotion-cognition system (RECS). First, the quantitative motivation is grounded on external interactive sensory detection, which is affected by memory and preference. Second, the emotion generation triggered by an initial motivation such as external stimulus is also influenced by the state in the previous time. Third, the competitive and cooperative relationship between emotion and motivation intervenes to make the decision of emotional expression and teaching actions. Finally, cognitive reappraisal, the emotion regulation strategy, is introduced for the establishment of emotion transition combined with personalized cognition. We display that this RECS increases the robot emotional interactive performance and makes corresponding teaching decision through behavioural and statistical analysis.

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