scholarly journals Isoenzymatic variability in some of the Polish populations of Norway spruce (Picea abies) in the IUFRO-1972 provenance trial

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Modrzyński ◽  
Wiesław Prus-Głowacki
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Glacial Period ◽  
Provenance Trial ◽  
Geographic Variability ◽  
Clear Pattern ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sudety Mountains

The isoenzymatic studies performed on nine <em>Picea abies</em> H. Karst populations from Poland, indicated considerable genetic variation among investigated stands. Genetic similarities have demonstrated a clear pattern of geographic variability. Three of the nine studied populations (Zwierzyniec, Nowe Ramuki and Orawa) have shown markedly diverse characteristics compared to the remaining populations. The mountain populations have formed one group with two related subgroups. The mean number of alleles per locus (A / L = 2,22) and level of heterozygosity (Hp = 0,194) for the lowland populations are within the range of these parameters for other Norway spruce populations from Finland and Lithuania. The populations from Carpathians and Sudety mountains are geneticaly more polymorphic (Ho = 0,221, A / L = 2,34) than the others. This pattern of genetic variation suggests the existance of two gene pools, one from southern and one from northern Poland formed during the glacial period and differentiated further in southern Poland into two subpools.

scholarly journals Comparing the Effectiveness of Exome Capture Probes, Genotyping by Sequencing and Whole-Genome Re-Sequencing for Assessing Genetic Diversity in Natural and Managed Stands of Picea abies

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1185
Author(s):  
Helena Eklöf ◽  
Carolina Bernhardsson ◽  
Pär K. Ingvarsson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Complexity Reduction ◽  
Exome Capture ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Targeted Capture

Conifer genomes are characterized by their large size and high abundance of repetitive material, making large-scale genotyping in conifers complicated and expensive. One of the consequences of this is that it has been difficult to generate data on genome-wide levels of genetic variation. To date, researchers have mainly employed various complexity reduction techniques to assess genetic variation across the genome in different conifer species. These methods tend to capture variation in a relatively small subset of a typical conifer genome and it is currently not clear how representative such results are. Here we take advantage of data generated in the first large-scale re-sequencing effort in Norway spruce and assess how well two commonly used complexity reduction methods, targeted capture probes and genotyping by sequencing perform in capturing genome-wide variation in Norway spruce. Our results suggest that both methods perform reasonably well for assessing genetic diversity and population structure in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.). Targeted capture probes were slightly more effective than GBS, likely due to them targeting known genomic regions whereas the GBS data contains a substantially greater fraction of repetitive regions, which sometimes can be problematic for assessing genetic diversity. In conclusion, both methods are useful for genotyping large numbers of samples and they greatly reduce the cost involved with genotyping a species with such a complex genome as Norway spruce.

Chloroplast microsatellite analysis reveals the presence of population subdivision in Norway spruce (Picea abies K.)

Genome ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
G G Vendramin ◽  
M Anzidei ◽  
A Madaghiele ◽  
C Sperisen ◽  
G Bucci
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
Population Subdivision ◽  
Chloroplast Microsatellites ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Chloroplast Microsatellite ◽  
Haplotypic Diversity ◽  
Main Gene ◽  
Degree Of Differentiation

Three chloroplast microsatellites (cpSSRs), previously sequence characterized and for which paternal inheritance was tested and confirmed, were used to assess their usefulness as informative markers for phylogeographic studies in Norway spruce (Picea abies K.) and to detect spatial genetic differentiation related to the possible recolonization processes in the postglacial period. Ninety-seven populations were included in the survey. Some 8, 7, and 6 different size variants for the three cpSSRs, respectively, were scored by analysing 1105 individuals. The above 21 variants combined into 41 different haplotypes. The distribution of some haplotypes showed a clear geographic structure and seems to be related to the existence of different refugia during the last glacial period. The analysis of chloroplast SSR variation detected the presence of two main gene pools (Sarmathic-Baltic and Alpine - Centre European) and a relatively low degree of differentiation (RST of about 10%), characteristic of tree species with large distribution and probably influenced by an intensive human impact on this species. Based on our data, we were not able to detect any evidence concerning the existence of additional gene pools (e.g., from Balkan and Carpathian glacial refugia), though we cannot exclude the existence of genetic discontinuity within the species' European range. A large proportion of population-specific haplotypes were scored in this species, thus indicating a possible usefulness of these markers for the identification of provenances, seed-lots, and autochthonous stands. Key words: haplotypic diversity, phylogeography, chloroplast microsatellites, recolonization.

Effects of stand density on outcrossing rate in two Norway spruce (Picea abies) populations

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 2704-2708 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Morgante ◽  
G. G. Vendramin ◽  
P. Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Mating System ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Outcrossing Rate ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Density ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Key Words Mating System

The mating system was investigated in two neighbouring Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) populations with markedly different stand densities. The amount of outcrossing was estimated using open-pollinated array data at four enzyme loci. Multilocus estimates of the proportion of viable progeny owing to outcrossing were 0.956 and 0.955 for the low- and high-density stand, respectively, indicating that the large reduction in stand density had no impact on outcrossing rates. The multilocus estimate was higher than the mean single-locus estimate only for the low-density stand. The lowering of the mean estimate in the low-density stand is probably a consequence of the clustering of related individuals. The regression of pollen allele frequencies on ovule genotype, which is a direct measure of the effective selfing caused by consanguineous matings, had a significant coefficient for the low-density stand and a nonsignificant one for the high-density stand. This obvservation confirms that the major effect of low-stand density in Norway spruce is the occurrence of consanguineous matings. Key words: mating system, outcrossing rate, inbreeding, Norway spruce, stand density.

Infection of advance regeneration of Norway spruce by Heterobasidion parviporum

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 937-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuula Piri ◽  
Kari Korhonen
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Advance Regeneration ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Vegetative Spread ◽  
Overstory Trees

The incidence of Heterobasidion root rot in the advance regeneration of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) was studied in nine stands at four different localities in southern Finland. The mean age of the unthinned advance regeneration on the 17 sample plots ranged from 14 to 44 years. On infested plots, the proportion of Norway spruce infected by Heterobasidion varied from 22.2 to 75.0% (mean 52.5%) in the overstory and from 1.8 to 68.2% (mean 21.1%) in the advance regeneration. The corresponding values on healthy-looking control plots were 0–6.7% (mean 5.9%) and 1.3–3.9% (mean 2.4%), respectively. Of the 138 Heterobasidion genets identified, 98.5% belonged to Heterobasidion parviporum Niemelä & Korhonen and 1.5% to Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. s.s. The incidence of Heterobasidion root rot in advance regeneration was positively correlated with the mean size and age of the advance regeneration and the proportion of infected trees in the overstory and negatively correlated with the regeneration density. Vegetative spread through root contacts from overstory trees to the surrounding regeneration accounted for at least 53% of the Heterobasidion infections in the advance regeneration. The origin of the rest of the infections in advance regeneration remained unclear, but at least part of them may have started from spore infection on injured or dead roots. Our results suggest that, on sites infected by H. parviporum, advance growth of Norway spruce should not be used for regeneration even though the spruces look healthy and show no external signs of infection.

scholarly journals Effect of Stem Diameter, Genetics, and Wood Properties on Stem Cracking in Norway Spruce

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauls Zeltiņš ◽  
Juris Katrevičs ◽  
Arnis Gailis ◽  
Tiit Maaten ◽  
Endijs Bāders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Provenance Trial ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
Latewood Density ◽  
Potential Risks

The choice of seed material (genetics) is one of the tools that can improve adaptation to the changing climate. Insufficient adaptation can result in a number of potential risks, including stem cracking. The goal of this study is to assess the influence of genetics and wood properties on stem cracking in Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst). The study was conducted on a 35-year-old provenance trial in Eastern Latvia. Stem cracks were assessed using a six-score scale. Tree-ring parameters, i.e., latewood proportion, maximum and mean density, mean earlywood, and latewood density were analysed. The overall incidence of stem cracking was 23.5%, varying between 0% and 79% at a family mean level. Heritability of stem cracking was low, ca., two times lower than for the diameter at breast height (DBH): h2 = 0.09 and 0.21, respectively. There were non-significant family and provenance effects on the occurrence of stem cracks, and weak family mean correlations between DBH, and the proportion of trees with any stem cracks or severe stem cracks. Overall, larger trees were more prone to cracking irrespective of provenance or family. Cracked trees had lower wood density parameters than unaffected trees, yet the latewood proportion was similar. Silvicultural treatments or selection to improve wood density could be suggested to reduce the risk of stem cracking.

The effect of winter thinning on the spread of Heterobasidion parviporum in Norway spruce stands

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 2589-2595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuula Piri ◽  
Kari Korhonen
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Areal Unit ◽  
Tree Generation ◽  
Thinning Operation ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Vegetative Spread

Genets of Heterobasidion were identified in eight 43- to 56-year-old Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stands in southern Finland. Four of the stands had been thinned in winter ca. 10 years prior to the study, and four had been left unthinned. It was hypothesized that the felling of decayed trees promotes the vegetative spread of the fungus from thinning stumps into the adjacent trees, and hence the Heterobasidion genets should be larger in thinned stands. Although the number of infected stumps per areal unit was lower and the genets were slightly smaller in the previous tree generation of thinned plots, the genets, particularly the old ones, in the present tree generation were larger on thinned plots. The genets originating from the previous rotation included, on average, 12.2 trees on thinned plots and 6.7 trees on unthinned plots. The mean number of trees infected by new genets (not found in previous generation) was also slightly higher (p < 0.05) on thinned than on unthinned plots, 1.8 and 1.2 trees, respectively. The results indicate that the rapid expansion of old Heterobasidion infections after a thinning operation may significantly contribute to the occurrence of root rot in the residual stand.

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