scholarly journals Cytological effect of Tilt 250 EC in the successive phases of the Triticale rust disease process caused by Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-158
Author(s):  
Krystyna Brzezicka-Szymczyk ◽  
Władysław Golinowski ◽  
Czesław Zamorski
Keyword(s):  
Disease Process ◽  
Puccinia Recondita ◽  
Ergosterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Developmental Cycle ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Cell Wall Modification ◽  
Cytological Effect ◽  
Irregular Growth ◽  
Cell Collapse

The disease process caused by rust (<em>Puccinia recondita</em> f. sp. <em>tritici</em>) in <em>Triticale</em> (<em>Triticale</em>-Wittmack cv. Bolero) and the effect of the application of the propikonazole - Tilt 250 EC are described. In plants not protected chemically one could observe the whole pathogen developmental cycle ending with the appearance of uredinia with urediniospores. The highest pathogen susceptibility to chemical agent was observed at the time of inoculation, during incubation and at the beginning of the actual disease. By inhibiting the ergosterol biosynthesis in the fungus cells the preparation (propikonazole) inhibited the development of the intra- and extracellular mycelium. The mycelium degeneration manifested itself by the irregular growth of intercellular hyphae, perforation of septa, homogenization of protoplasts and cell collapse. The thickening of the cell wall, modification of the perihaustorial space and protoplast obliteration were observed in the haustoria.

scholarly journals Cytological changes observed in the successive phases of the wheat rust caused by Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici after the treatment with Tilt 250EC

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-358
Author(s):  
Krystyna Brzezicka-Szymczyk ◽  
Władysław Golinowski ◽  
Czesław Zamorski
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Puccinia Recondita ◽  
Ergosterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Cell Wall Modification ◽  
Cytological Changes ◽  
Wheat Rust ◽  
Irregular Growth

The disease process of wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>) cv. Parada caused by rust (<i>Puccinia recondita</i> Rob. ex Desm. f. sp. <i>tritici</i>) and the effect of applying the fungicide Tilt 250EC are described. The application of spraying at the time of inoculation, during incubation and at the beginning of the actual disease is most effective, thus attests to the highest pathogen susceptibility to that chemical agent at these phases of the disease. Tilt 250EC (propikonazole) inhibits the ergosterol biosynthesis in the fungus cells. Application of the preparation caused the inhibition of the development and necrosis of the intra- and extracellular mycelium. Observed were: irregular growth of intercellular hyphae, perforation of septas, homogenization of protoplasts and collapsing of cells. In the haustoria observed were: the thickening of the cell wall, modification of the perihaustorial space, protoplast degeneration and finally the haustorium obliteration.

Evaluation of fungicides for curative activity against Tranzschelia discolor, cause of the rust disease of French prune (Prunus domestica L.)

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 577 ◽  
Author(s):  
PF Kable ◽  
BJ Keen ◽  
RW Bambach
Keyword(s):  
Latent Period ◽  
Ergosterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Ergosterol Biosynthesis Inhibitors ◽  
Biosynthesis Inhibitors ◽  
Lesion Growth ◽  
Tranzschelia Discolor

The ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors, propiconazole, RH-2161 and RH-3866, exhibited strong curative activity against Tranzschelia discolor infections in French prune leaves. Foliar sprays (25-50 ppm) applied during the latent period, up to 7 days after inoculation, completely suppressed the disease. When these fungicides were applied after the appearance of symptoms, they inhibited further lesion growth and sporulation. Other fungicides having some curative activity were triforine and oxycarboxin. Fungicides with little or no curative activity against T. discolor were bitertanol, PP969, triadimefon and tridemorph.

scholarly journals Novel Fungitoxicity Assays for Inhibition of Germination-Associated Adhesion of Botrytis cinerea and Puccinia recondita Spores

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 597-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Slawecki ◽  
Eileen P. Ryan ◽  
David H. Young
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Puccinia Recondita ◽  
Ergosterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Microtiter Plates ◽  
Sulforhodamine B ◽  
Ergosterol Biosynthesis Inhibitors ◽  
Biosynthesis Inhibitors

ABSTRACT Botrytis cinerea and Puccinia recondita spores adhere strongly to polystyrene microtiter plates coincident with germination. We developed assays for inhibition of spore adhesion in 96-well microtiter plates by using sulforhodamine B staining to quantify the adherent spores. In both organisms, fungicides that inhibited germination strongly inhibited spore adhesion, with 50% effective concentrations (EC50s) comparable to those for inhibition of germination. In contrast, fungicides that acted after germination in B. cinerea inhibited spore adhesion to microtiter plates only at concentrations much higher than their EC50s for inhibition of mycelial growth. Similarly, in P. recondita the ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors myclobutanil and fenbuconazole acted after germination and did not inhibit spore adhesion. The assays provide a rapid, high-throughput alternative to traditional spore germination assays and may be applicable to other fungi.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Expression Patterns inSaccharomyces cerevisiae: Comparison of Drug Treatments and Genetic Alterations Affecting Biosynthesis of Ergosterol

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1255-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary F. Bammert ◽  
Jennifer M. Fostel
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Microarray Experiment ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Ergosterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Transcript Profiles

ABSTRACT Enzymes in the ergosterol-biosynthetic pathway are the targets of a number of antifungal agents including azoles, allylamines, and morpholines. In order to understand the response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to perturbations in the ergosterol pathway, genome-wide transcript profiles following exposure to a number of antifungal agents targeting ergosterol biosynthesis (clotrimazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, voriconazole, terbinafine, and amorolfine) were obtained. These profiles were compared to the transcript profiles of strains containing deletions of one of the late-stage ergosterol genes: ERG2, ERG5, orERG6. A total of 234 genes were identified as responsive, including the majority of genes from the ergosterol pathway. Expression of several responsive genes, including ERG25,YER067W, and YNL300W, was also monitored by PCR over time following exposure to ketoconazole. The kinetics of transcriptional response support the conditions selected for the microarray experiment. In addition to ergosterol-biosynthetic genes, 36 mitochondrial genes and a number of other genes with roles related to ergosterol function were responsive, as were a number of genes responsive to oxidative stress. Transcriptional changes related to heme biosynthesis were observed in cells treated with chemical agents, suggesting an additional effect of exposure to these compounds. The expression profile in response to a novel imidazole, PNU-144248E, was also determined. The concordance of responsive genes suggests that this compound has the same mode of action as other azoles. Thus, genome-wide transcript profiles can be used to predict the mode of action of a chemical agent as well as to characterize expression changes in response to perturbation of a metabolic pathway.

SEM Cold Stage Techniques for the Observation of Vegetative and Floral Apices of Oat (Avena sativa L.) Plants

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 590-591
Author(s):  
B. K. Kirchoff ◽  
L.F. Allard ◽  
W.C. Bigelow
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Cold Stage ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Cell Collapse ◽  
Conductive Paint ◽  
Carbon Based

In attempting to use the SEM to investigate the transition from the vegetative to the floral state in oat (Avena sativa L.) it was discovered that the procedures of fixation and critical point drying (CPD), and fresh tissue examination of the specimens gave unsatisfactory results. In most cases, by using these techniques, cells of the tissue were collapsed or otherwise visibly distorted. Figure 1 shows the results of fixation with 4.5% formaldehyde-gluteraldehyde followed by CPD. Almost all cellular detail has been obscured by the resulting shrinkage distortions. The larger cracks seen on the left of the picture may be due to dissection damage, rather than CPD. The results of observation of fresh tissue are seen in Fig. 2. Although there is a substantial improvement over CPD, some cell collapse still occurs.Due to these difficulties, it was decided to experiment with cold stage techniques. The specimens to be observed were dissected out and attached to the sample stub using a carbon based conductive paint in acetone.

Ulcerogenic Tumors of the Pancreas

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 186-187
Author(s):  
J. C. Garancis ◽  
J. F. Kuzma ◽  
S. D. Wilson ◽  
E. H. Ellison
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Islet Cell ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Central Core ◽  
Islet Cell Tumors ◽  
Opaque Zone ◽  
Granular Form ◽  
Zollinger Ellison Syndrome

It has been proposed that a gastrin-like hormone elaborated by non-beta islet tumors of the pancreas may be responsible for a fulminating ulcer diathesis. Subsequently, a potent gastric secretagogue was isolated from ulcerogenic tumors of the pancreas. This disease process is known now as “Zollinger-Ellison syndrome”.In our studies of two cases of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, pancreatic lesions were identified as alpha islet cell tumors (Fig. 1). Tumor cells were fairly uniform. The sizes of the alpha granules were not significantly different, but their number and distribution varied greatly from one cell to another. Each granule consisted of a round, highly dense central core, separated from the limiting membrane by an opaque zone. The granular form of the endoplasmic reticulum was particularly prominent. Numerous mitochondria, round or elongated, were dispersed throughout the cytoplasm. Individual or clusters of lysosomes were observed in the majority of cells.

Atom-probe analysis of the solid-liquid interface

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 676-677
Author(s):  
J.A. Panitz
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Level ◽  
Selective Adsorption ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Atom Probe ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Hostile Environment ◽  
Solid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Chemically Selective

The first few atomic layers of a solid can form a barrier between its interior and an often hostile environment. Although adsorption at the vacuum-solid interface has been studied in great detail, little is known about adsorption at the liquid-solid interface. Adsorption at a liquid-solid interface is of intrinsic interest, and is of technological importance because it provides a way to coat a surface with monolayer or multilayer structures. A pinhole free monolayer (with a reasonable dielectric constant) could lead to the development of nanoscale capacitors with unique characteristics and lithographic resists that surpass the resolution of their conventional counterparts. Chemically selective adsorption is of particular interest because it can be used to passivate a surface from external modification or change the wear and the lubrication properties of a surface to reflect new and useful properties. Immunochemical adsorption could be used to fabricate novel molecular electronic devices or to construct small, “smart”, unobtrusive sensors with the potential to detect a wide variety of preselected species at the molecular level. These might include a particular carcinogen in the environment, a specific type of explosive, a chemical agent, a virus, or even a tumor in the human body.

Electron microscopy analysis of degenerating pancreatic ß cells in transgenic mice expressing the MHC Class I antigen Dd

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 548-549
Author(s):  
T. A. Stewart ◽  
D. Liggitt ◽  
S. Pitts ◽  
L. Martin ◽  
M. Siegel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type I Diabetes ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Type I ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Mhc Molecules ◽  
Endogenous Insulin ◽  
Class Ii Mhc ◽  
Ifn Γ

Insulin-dependant (Type I) diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is a metabolic disorder resulting from the lack of endogenous insulin secretion. The disease is thought to result from the autoimmune mediated destruction of the insulin producing ß cells within the islets of Langerhans. The disease process is probably triggered by environmental agents, e.g. virus or chemical toxins on a background of genetic susceptibility associated with particular alleles within the major histocompatiblity complex (MHC). The relation between IDDM and the MHC locus has been reinforced by the demonstration of both class I and class II MHC proteins on the surface of ß cells from newly diagnosed patients as well as mounting evidence that IDDM has an autoimmune pathogenesis. In 1984, a series of observations were used to advance a hypothesis, in which it was suggested that aberrant expression of class II MHC molecules, perhaps induced by gamma-interferon (IFN γ) could present self antigens and initiate an autoimmune disease. We have tested some aspects of this model and demonstrated that expression of IFN γ by pancreatic ß cells can initiate an inflammatory destruction of both the islets and pancreas and does lead to IDDM.

The in vivo distribution and dynamics of DNA topoisomerase II in Drosophila embryonic nuclei and chromosomes

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 74-75
Author(s):  
Jason R. Swedlow ◽  
Neil Osheroff ◽  
Tim Karr ◽  
John W. Sedat ◽  
David A. Agard
Keyword(s):  
Topoisomerase Ii ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Developmental Cycle ◽  
Dna Topoisomerase Ii ◽  
Chromosomal Distribution ◽  
Dna Topoisomerase ◽  
Ideal System ◽  
Dnase Treatment

DNA topoisomerase II is an ATP-dependent double-stranded DNA strand-passing enzyme that is necessary for full condensation of chromosomes and for complete segregation of sister chromatids at mitosis in vivo and in vitro. Biochemical characterization of chromosomes or nuclei after extraction with high-salt or detergents and DNAse treatment showed that topoisomerase II was a major component of this remnant, termed the chromosome scaffold. The scaffold has been hypothesized to be the structural backbone of the chromosome, so the localization of topoisomerase II to die scaffold suggested that the enzyme might play a structural role in the chromosome. However, topoisomerase II has not been studied in nuclei or chromosomes in vivo. We have monitored the chromosomal distribution of topoisomerase II in vivo during mitosis in the Drosophila embryo. This embryo forms a multi-nucleated syncytial blastoderm early in its developmental cycle. During this time, the embryonic nuclei synchronously progress through 13 mitotic cycles, so this is an ideal system to follow nuclear and chromosomal dynamics.

Auditory Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sridhar Krishnamurti
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Clinical Protocols ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
Auditory Dysfunction

Alzheimer's disease is neurodegenerative disorder which affects a growing number of older adults every year. With an understanding of auditory dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease, the speech-language pathologist working in the health care setting can provide better service to these individuals. The pathophysiology of the disease process in Alzheimer's disease increases the likelihood of specific types of auditory deficits as opposed to others. This article will discuss the auditory deficits in Alzheimer's disease, their implications, and the value of clinical protocols for individuals with this disease.

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