scholarly journals Ribonucleic acids and ribosomal proteins synthesis during germination of unripe and aged wheat caryopses

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanisław Weidner ◽  
Kazimierz Zalewski
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Ribonucleic Acids ◽  
Total Rna ◽  
Uridine Incorporation ◽  
Mass Increment ◽  
High Radioactivity

Caryopses collected at milk, wax and full ripeness as well as aged ones stored at air humidity of 30, 60 and 80 per cent were subjected to germination. The more unripe were the caryopses the lower was their germination capacity and dry mass increment of the sprouts, the same was true for fully ripe but aged caryopses. After 48 h of germination in the presence of radioactive precursors the embryos were removed from the caryopses and used for isolation of the total ribosomal fraction and RNA. Distinct synthesis of three basic total RNA fractions and of the polyribosomal fraction was observed in all samples and in embryos from grain which had completely lost its germination capacity. High radioactivity was recorded in preparations of total RNA and polyribosomal ones from 48-h sprouts growing from caryopses collected at milk ripeness and in those of aged caryopses stored under air humidity of 30 and 60 per cent. According to the authors, the depressed amount of latent forms of RNA (preformed mRNA, tRNA and ribosomes) is the cause of intensive <sup>3</sup>H-uridine incorporation into RNA in embryos from unripe and aged caryopses. For germination of grains with a reduced amount of latent forms the biosynthesis mechanisms must be based to a much higher extent on newly synthesised molecules of ribonucleic acids.

scholarly journals The effect of the plant growth retardants AMO-1618 and CCC on the synthesis of ribonucleic acids and proteins in triticale embryos during the initial phase of germination

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanisław Weidner
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Methyl Chloride ◽  
Gibberellin Biosynthesis ◽  
Trimethylammonium Chloride ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Growth Retardants ◽  
Ribonucleic Acids ◽  
Amo 1618

Triticale var. Grado caryopses were subjected to imbibition and germination in the presence of the growth retardants, AMO-1618 (2-isopropyl-4-dimethylamino-5-methylphenyl-1-piperidinecarboxylate methyl chloride) and CCC (2-chloroethyl)-trimethylammonium chloride) at the following concentrations, 3 x 10<sup>-4</sup> M and 10<sup>-3</sup> M. These compounds exerted a very strong inhibitory effect on the initiation of germination processes, growth of embryos and the germination capacity of the caryopses. At the concentration of 10<sup>-3</sup> M, AMO-1618 showed an especially strong effect, lowering the germination capacity of the caryopses to about 50%. It was also shown that both retardants are decidedly more effective on the germination of whole, intact caryopses than on that of isolated embryos. During the very earliest hours of germination, these retardants already inhibited RNA synthesis. The participation of the polyribosome fraction in the total ribosome fraction of embryos in the control sample after 24 hrs of germination of caryopses equalled about 70%, while in the samples treated with CCC (10<sup>-3</sup> M)- about 57%, in the samples treated with AMO-1618 (10<sup>-3</sup> M) about 35%,. The inhibition of incorporation of <sup>14</sup>C-amino acids into ribosomal proteins in the polyribosome fraction was in the case of CCC about 13%, while in the samples treated with AMO-1618, about 55%. In the monosome fraction (80S), the inhibition by CCC was about 23%, whereas in the samples treated with AMO-1618 it reached around 73%. From this data it is evident that the studied retardants have a significant influence on the synthesis of ribonucleic acids as well as on ribosome proteins. These results also suggest the existance of another mechanism, aside from that of inhibition of gibberellin biosynthesis, inhibiting the growth and development of cells. The high percentage of ribosome subunits in the samples treated with CCC, in comparison with controls and samples treated with AMO-1618, points to different mechanisms by which these two compounds affect protein biosynthesis.

ROLE OF NEUROTRANSMITTERS, PROSTAGLANDINS AND GLUCOSE ON PRECURSOR INCORPORATION INTO THE RNA OF THYROID SLICES

1978 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 776-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo J. Juvenal ◽  
Diana L. Kleiman de Pisarev ◽  
Liliana Crenovich ◽  
Mario A. Pisarev
Keyword(s):  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Stimulatory Action ◽  
Total Rna ◽  
Uridine Incorporation ◽  
Tsh Stimulation ◽  
Prostaglandins E

ABSTRACT The present studies were performed in order to investigate the role of neurotransmitters, prostaglandins and glucose on [3H]uridine incorporation into total RNA in beef thyroid slices. Carbamylcholine strongly stimulated RNA labelling from [3H]uridine; atropine abolished this effect. NaF, at 1 and 5 mm, progressively increased this parameter while norepinephrine caused a similar effect at 10−3 but not at 10−6 M. Phentolamine (1 mm) blocked the stimulatory action of TSH; propranolol and atropine did not. Glucose at concentrations between 4 and 24 mm caused a progressive increase in RNA labelling from [3H]uridine. This effect was not inhibited by dinitrophenol. Prostaglandins (E1, A1, F1α and F2α) assayed in concentrations between 5 and 25 μg/ml, with or without caffeine, had no effect on RNA labelling. Moreover, neither aspirin nor indomethacin inhibited TSH stimulation. Under similar experimental conditions, PGE1 did simulate PB125I formation.

scholarly journals Dry Mass Increment, Foliar Nutrientes and Soybean Yield as Affected by Aminoacid Application

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Walquíria F. Teixeira ◽  
Evandro B. Fagan ◽  
Luís H. Soares ◽  
Klaus Reichardt ◽  
Leidyanne G. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Mass Increment ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
The One ◽  
Foliar Concentration

Due to the importance of soybeans worldwide, there is a constant search for products or management systems that aim to increase the productivity of this crop. In this sense, some products that have amino acids in their composition have been used, however, there is still a lack of studies that aim to show the isolated effect of amino acids on growth parameters. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the application of amino acids in the treatment of seeds and of the leaf in the soybean crop. Experiments were carried out in a greenhouse and in the field with the application of glutamate, phenylalanine, cysteine, glycine as a seed treatment (ST) and also as foliar application (FA) at the V4 growth stage. The dry mass accumulation of root, stem, leaves, total and yield of a soybean crop were evaluated. In addition, leaf element concentration in leaves was also evaluated. The use of phenylalanine in ST promoted the best results on stem mass, leaves, pods and total dry mass, with an increase of up to 152%, as compared to control. This same treatment led to higher productivity, with a 46% increase in relation to the control. In relation to foliar concentration of elements, the most effective application is the one that is carried out in both modes of application (ST and FA), mainly with glutamate and glycine. Therefore, the application of amino acids, especially in seed treatment promotes the greater accumulation of dry mass and productivity in soybean plants.

Ribosomal proteins and ribonucleic acids from chloroplasts

1969 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susweta Biswas ◽  
R.K. Mandal ◽  
B.B. Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Ribonucleic Acids

Aboveground biomass partitioning and crown architecture of Eucalyptus nitens following green pruning

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 1419-1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
E A Pinkard ◽  
C L Beadle
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Biomass Partitioning ◽  
Crown Architecture ◽  
Eucalyptus Nitens ◽  
Crown Length ◽  
Carbon Utilisation ◽  
Mass Increment ◽  
Green Pruning

The effects of green pruning on aboveground biomass partitioning and crown architecture were explored in a 3-year-old Eucalyptus nitens (Deane and Maiden) Maiden plantation. Responses were measured in five height zones and three foliage age classes over a 20-month period following removal of 0, 50, or 70% of the green crown length. Development of foliage in the upper crowns of 50%-pruned trees was faster and total leaf area at the end of the experiment was greater than in unpruned trees. Leaf area development of 70%-pruned trees was similar to that of unpruned trees. Larger apical leaves, with a lower specific leaf area (SLA), developed following 50% pruning. However, 70% pruning resulted in smaller leaves, and SLA increased in some crown positions. Pruning reduced branch diameter and length in the upper crowns. However, branches of 50%-pruned trees had an increased ratio of foliage to wood dry mass. These responses to green pruning may have increased the carbon-fixing capacity and the efficiency of carbon utilisation of the remaining crown. Following 50% pruning, responses were sufficient to maintain stem dry mass increment at a level similar to that of unpruned trees. However, following 70% pruning, stem and branch dry mass increment was reduced.

scholarly journals Metabolism of aged seeds. Changes in rye embryo polyribosomes during seed aging

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 369-379
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Zalewski
Keyword(s):  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Control Embryo ◽  
Ribonucleic Acids ◽  
Seed Aging ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Aged Seeds

Germination, total dehydrogenase activity, ribosomal proteins and ribonucleic acids of embryos obtained from winter rye harvested in different years and of distinctly differing viability were studied. Diminishing viability was accompanied by declines in the amount of ribosome-bound mRNA and a drop in the intensity of its synthesis during germination. Electrophoretic analysis of control embryo (fully viable) ribosome proteins revealed 55 different bands: 10 acidic and 45 basic. The embryos of aged seeds had 43 different bands of which 8 were acidic, 35 basic and almost all of which had an altered electrophoretic mobility as compared with the control sample. As aging progressed, the percentages of lysine, histidine and arginine increased while those of tyrosine, methionine, proline and serine decreased.

scholarly journals An in situ ascorbate peroxidase labeling in secreted exosomes identifies a stress-induced exosome proteome alteration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byung Rho Lee ◽  
Tae Jin Lee ◽  
Sekyung Oh ◽  
Chenglong Li ◽  
Jin-Hyuk Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Ribonucleic Acids ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Exosome Biogenesis ◽  
Cargo Protein ◽  
Labeling Approach

Abstract The extracellular vesicle exosome mediates intercellular communication by transporting macromolecules such as proteins and ribonucleic acids. Determining cargo content with high accuracy will help decipher the biological processes that exosomes mediate in various contexts. Existing methods for probing exosome cargo molecules rely on a prior exosome isolation procedure. Here we report an in situ labeling approach for exosome proteome profiling, termed Exosome-Proxy APEX Labeling (EPAL), which bypasses the exosome isolation steps. In EPAL, proteins either in the exosome biogenesis vesicles in cells or in secreted exosomes in the conditioned medium can specifically be biotinylated with expressing a variant of the engineered ascorbic peroxidase APEX that is fused to an exosome cargo protein such as CD63. Mass spectrometry analysis of the proteins biotinylated in exosomes secreted from kidney proximal tubule-derived cells reveals that oxidative stress can induce an alteration in exosome protein contents, including accumulation of ribosomal proteins in exosomes.

scholarly journals Ribonucleic acids in the embryos of germinating wheat grains of different ripeness

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanisław Weidner ◽  
Krzysztof Kulka
Keyword(s):  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Ribonucleic Acids ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Uridine Incorporation ◽  
Rna Content

During 48 h germination of wheat grains of different ripeness the amount of RNA in the germinating embryos doubles, while the rate of synthesis is to a large extent correlated with the level of ribonucleic acids accumulated during the development and ripening of the grain. The highest RNA content was noted in the germs developing from grain harvested at the stage of full ripeness, the lowest - in germs from grain at milk ripeness. Intensity of <sup>3</sup>H-uridine incorporation into the RNA fraction of the germs during 24-h germination also depends on ripeness. Significantly lower RNA synthesis was noted in germinating embryos from wheat grain harvested during milk ripeness as compared to wax or full ripeness.

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