scholarly journals Specific effects of certain salts on nitrogen metabolism of young corn seedlings

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hatata
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Specific Effects

The effect of sodium and magnesium chlorides and sulphates on nitrogen metabolism of corn seedlings and their constituent parts have been studied. Treatment with all salts led to a decrease in the nitrogen content of the seedling as a whole, and the decrease became more pronounced with the increase of salt concentration, though these concentrations were too low to induce any osmotic action. The same trend of changes was noticed as regards nonprotein-N, whereas the opposite was recorded in reference to the changes; of protein-N. Higher concentrations of the salt solutions led to leaching out of more nonprotein-N than did lower concentrations. The study of the distribution of nitrogenous constituents among the different organs of the seedling showed that while the total-N content of the whole seedling decreased with the increase of salt concentration, the total-N content of the roots decreased markedly, and the total-N content of the tops decreased also but less whereas, the total-N content of the grains increased with the increase of salt concentration as compared with that in the control. As a result of disturbances of nitrogen metabolism under salinization, more ammonia and amides were accumulated in all seedling organs.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Fertilization Measures on Corn Yield and Soil Nitrogen Level in Hollow Village On the Loess Plateau

2021 ◽  
pp. 729-736
Author(s):  
Lei Shi ◽  
Zhong Zheng Liu ◽  
Liangyan Yang ◽  
Wangtao Fan
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Curing Agent ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N

Problems of poor soil structure and nutrient deficiency in the reclamation of abandoned homesteads, and improvement of the soil condition after land reclamation to arable land and rapidly resume agricultural production were investigated. Organic fertilizers, curing agent and fly ash as amendment materials were selected. A plot test with seven different return materials in order to obtain the effects of different amendment materials on nutrient improvement in the reclamation of abandoned homestead soils in loess areas was conducted. After 3 years of maize crop cultivation, soil samples were collected and analyzed for total soil nitrogen content under different treatments. The results showed that the maize yield in each plot showed different additives contributed to the increase in maize yield to different degrees, while the addition of organic fertilizer had a more significant effect on the increase in yield. In the treatment of the experimental plots with the addition of curing agent + organic fertilizer, there was a significant effect on the enhancement of the content of total nitrogen in the soil tillage layer after three years of maize cultivation. The total N content of the surface soil (0~15 cm) increased from 0.32 to 0.64 g/kg, and that of the soil from 15~30 cm increased from 0.31 to 0.66 g/kg. The total N content of the soil from 0~60cm showed an increasing trend year by year, but the increase was gradually reduced. The total nitrogen content of soil in the depth of 60~105 cm showed a decreasing trend year by year. In the remediation of hollow villages in loess plateau, the compound application of organic fertilizer and ripening agent can significantly improve the soil nutrient content, condition of farmland and increase in maize yield, which is the most suitable material for field return in the remediation of hollow villages in loess plateau, and is of great significance to improve the quality of field return in the remediation of hollow villages. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 729-736, 2021 (September) Special

scholarly journals Nitrogen content, SPAD index and production of single head broccoli

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Sanzio M Vidigal ◽  
Mário Puiatti ◽  
Iza Paula de C Lopes ◽  
Maria Aparecida N Sediyama
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Critical Level ◽  
Critical Levels ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
N Rates

ABSTRACT In the management of single head broccoli nitrogen fertilization, there is no study indicating the critical level and adequate range of N content and SPAD index in the leaves to evaluate the nitrogen nutritional status. This work was carried out in two consecutive years with control without N and three rates of N (150; 300 and 450 kg ha-1). The treatments were arranged in the experimental design of random blocks, with four replications. All productive characteristics were significantly influenced by N rates. The fresh inflorescence mass reached a maximum value of 822 g with 308 kg ha-1 N. The critical levels were 61.1 g kg-1 for total N foliar content and 71.31 ud SPAD at 40 DAT. The SPAD index presented high correlations with the total N content in the leaves (r = 0.93; p<0.034) and with the maximum fresh mass of the inflorescence (r = 0.99; p<0.001). The ranges of N content (low ≤52.5; medium 52.6 to 57.4; sufficient 57.5 to 61.1 and high >61.1 g kg-1) and SPAD index (low ≤68.48; medium 68.49 to 70.47; sufficient 70.48 to 71.31 and high >71.31 ud SPAD) are proposed for assessing the N nutritional status of single head broccoli.

A study of root and shoot interactions between cereals and peas in mixtures

1993 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Tofinga ◽  
R. Paolini ◽  
R. W. Snaydon
Keyword(s):  
Relative Yield ◽  
Root Competition ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Resource Complementarity ◽  
Relative Yield Total ◽  
Shoot Competition ◽  
Competitive Abilities ◽  
Different Sources

SUMMARYWheat, barley and two morphologically contrasting cultivars of peas (leafy and semi-leafless) were grown in pure stands, at standard agricultural densities, and in additive mixtures of cereals with peas. The stands were grown in boxes in the field, and partitions were used to separate the effects of root and shoot interactions. The cereals and peas were either planted at the same time, or one species was planted 10 days before the other. The origin of the N present in each species was determined by applying N fertilizer labelled with 15N.Both cultivars of peas had greater shoot and root competitive abilities than wheat or barley, probably because of their larger seed size; leafy peas had greater shoot and root competitive abilities than semi-leafless peas. Sowing peas after cereals reduced their competitive ability.The relative yield total (RYT) of cereal-pea mixtures, based on total biomass, averaged 1·6 when only the root systems interacted, and 1·4 when only the shoot systems interacted, but did not differ significantly from 10 when both root and shoot systems interacted. RYT values were greater when peas were grown with wheat, rather than with barley, and when peas were sown at the same time as the cereals.Shoot competition from peas increased the N% of cereals, but substantially reduced their total N content, because biomass yield was reduced. Shoot competition from cereals had no effect on the N% of peas, and only slightly reduced their total N content. Shoot competition between cereals and peas had no significant effect upon the proportion of N derived from various sources by either cereals or peas.Root competition from peas significantly reduced both the N% and total N content of cereals. Root competition from cereals had little effect on the N% of peas, but significantly reduced their total N content and increased the proportion of N derived from rhizobial fixation from 76 to 94%. Since cereals and peas largely used different sources of N, resource complementarity for N was probably an important component of intercropping advantage, when the roots of cereals and peas shared soil resources.

scholarly journals The effect of sub-irrigation with untreated and treated municipal wastewater on organic matter and Nitrogen content on two soil types

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Soil Mass ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Total N ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Zone Ii

<p>In order to study the chemical parameters of the soil after sub-irrigation with wastewater, a system was installed in one of the greenhouses of the Agricultural University of Athens. Wastewater was applied subsurface into the soil mass of the pots were used. Three treatments were used: Untreated wastewater (U), Treated wastewater (T) and tap water (W) as control. Two different types were used: Soil (a) characterized as Sandy loam and soil (b) characterized as Loamy sand. Moreover, in order to investigate the change of total Nitrogen and organic matter concentrations at the point where the emitter was placed, the soil mass was divided into two zones. The upper (zone I) and the lower one (zone II). The total nitrogen content, ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N), nitrogen nitrate (NO3-N) and the percentage of organic matter, were determined in the soil samples. Statistically significant differences (p &lt;0, 05) were observed in the organic matter and the total N%, only for soil (b). For soil (a), organic matter percentage was increased in zone (I) (irrigation with treated wastewater at 20 cm depth). For soil (b), total N% was increased in zone (I), while nitrate and ammonium were increased in zone (II) (irrigation with untreated wastewater at 20 cm depth).</p>

Effect of weed management on weeds, and on the nodulation, nitrogenase activity, growth and yield of pea (Pisum sativum)

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Singh ◽  
D. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
N Content ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

Effects of one pre-emergence herbicide (terbutryn/terbuthylazine) and one post-emergence herbicide (bentazone) along with unweeded and hand-weeded controls on weeds and on the nodulation, nitrogenase activity, nitrogen content, growth and yield of pea (Pisum sativum) were studied. Terbutryn/terbuthylazine was applied pre-emergence @ 1.40, 2.80 and 5.60 kg/hawhereas bentazone was sprayed 6 weeks after sowing @ 1.44, 2.88 and 5.76 kg/h. Terbutryn/terbuthylazine controlled all the weeds very effectively, whereas bentazone did not control some weeds such as Polygonum aviculare, Poa annua and Elymus repens. The herbicides decreased the number of nodules, the dry weight of nodules, the nitrogenase activity, the shoot dry weight, the nitrogen content in the straw and seeds, and the seed yield of peas, the effects generally being higher at higher rates of application. The adverse effects of herbicides on these parameters might be due to their effects on plant growth, as both the herbicides are known to adversely affect photosynthesis. Nitrogenase activity did not correlate well with plant-N content or shoot dry weight. However, there was a strong relationship between plant biomass and plant-N content, which suggests that researchers can rely on these parameters for studying the effects of treatments on nitrogen fixation, rather than measuring nitrogenase activity.

THE EFFECTS OF AMMONIUM NITRATE AND UREA ON THE RELEASE OF NON-EXCHANGEABLE POTASSIUM BY EIGHT EASTERN PRAIRIE SOILS DURING CONTINUOUS CROPPING IN THE GREENHOUSE

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. BAILEY
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Total N ◽  
Prairie Soils ◽  
Soil Potassium ◽  
Total Potassium

Continuous cropping of eight Manitoba soils to alfalfa in the greenhouse decreased the exchangeable potassium of the soils to low equilibrium levels. Non-exchangeable potassium was removed from the soils by the alfalfa. The rate of decrease of exchangeable potassium and the quantity of non-exchangeable potassium mobilized was significantly influenced by the addition of ammonium nitrate or urea to the soils. However, there were no significant differences between the soils treated with ammonium nitrate and those treated with urea. There was considerable variation among soils in the rate of decrease of exchangeable potassium and the quantity of non-exchangeable potassium mobilized. The total yield of soil potassium was related to the initial exchangeable potassium levels of the soils. Addition of NH4NO3 increased the percentage of total N in the plant material harvested prior to the eighth harvest. After this eighth harvest the added nitrogen had no effect on the nitrogen content of the harvested material. In general, fine-textured soils yielded more plant material and total potassium, and maintained a higher level of exchangeable potassium than coarse-textured soils.

scholarly journals Split nitrogen application in potato: effects on accumulation of nitrogen and dry matter in the crop and on the soil nitrogen budget

1999 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. VOS
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
Soil Mineral N ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Application ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Utilization

In four field experiments, the effects of single nitrogen (N) applications at planting on yield and nitrogen uptake of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) was compared with two or three split applications. The total amount of N applied was an experimental factor in three of the experiments. In two experiments, sequential observations were made during the growing season. Generally, splitting applications (up to 58 days after emergence) did not affect dry matter (DM) yield at maturity and tended to result in slightly lower DM concentration of tubers, whereas it slightly improved the utilization of nitrogen. Maximum haulm dry weight and N content were lower when less nitrogen was applied during the first 50 days after emergence (DAE). The crops absorbed little extra nitrogen after 60 DAE (except when three applications were given). Soil mineral N (0–60 cm) during the first month reflected the pattern of N application with values up to 27 g/m2 N. After 60 DAE, soil mineral N was always around 2–5 g/m2. The efficiency of N utilization, i.e. the ratio of the N content of the crop to total N available (initial soil mineral N+deposition+net mineralization) was 0·45 for unfertilized controls. The utilization of fertilizer N (i.e. the apparent N recovery) was generally somewhat improved by split applications, but declined with the total amount of N applied (range 0·48–0·72). N utilization and its complement, possible N loss, were similar for both experiments with sequential observations. Separate analysis of the movement of Br− indicated that some nitrate can be washed below 60 cm soil depth due to dispersion during rainfall. The current study showed that the time when N application can be adjusted to meet estimated requirements extends to (at least) 60 days after emergence. That period of time can be exploited to match the N application to the actual crop requirement as it changes during that period.

scholarly journals Plant DNA methylation is sensitive to parent seed N content and influences the growth of rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoru Fan ◽  
Laihua Liu ◽  
Kaiyun Qian ◽  
Jingguang Chen ◽  
Yuyue Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Nitrogen Stress ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
N Content ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Overexpression Line ◽  
N Deficiency

Abstract Background Nitrogen (N) is an important nutrient for plant growth, development, and agricultural production. Nitrogen stress could induce epigenetic changes in plants. In our research, overexpression of the OsNAR2.1 line was used as a testing target in rice plants with high nitrogen-use efficiency to study the changes of rice methylation and growth in respond of the endogenous and external nitrogen stress. Results Our results showed that external N deficiency could decrease seed N content and plant growth of the overexpression line. During the filial growth, we found that the low parent seed nitrogen (LPSN) in the overexpression line could lead to a decrease in the filial seed nitrogen content, total plant nitrogen content, yield, and OsNAR2.1 expression (28, 35, 23, and 55%, respectively) compared with high parent seed nitrogen (HPSN) in high nitrogen external supply. However, such decreases were not observed in wild type. Furthermore, methylation sequencing results showed that LPSN caused massive gene methylation changes, which enriched in over 20 GO pathways in the filial overexpression line, and the expression of OsNAR2.1 in LPSN filial overexpression plants was significantly reduced compared to HPSN filial plants in high external N, which was not shown in wild type. Conclusions We suggest that the parent seed nitrogen content decreased induced DNA methylation changes at the epigenetic level and significantly decreased the expression of OsNAR2.1, resulting in a heritable phenotype of N deficiency over two generations of the overexpression line.

The Micromorphology of Anionic Polyacrylamide Dispersions

2011 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 2310-2313
Author(s):  
Jiao Lu ◽  
Xiang Chen Fang ◽  
An Jie Wang ◽  
Xi Wen Zhang ◽  
Bo Peng
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Particle Shape ◽  
Dispersion Polymerization ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Aqueous Salt Solutions ◽  
Anionic Polyacrylamide

Anionic polyacrylamide dispersions were prepared by dispersion polymerization in aqueous salt solutions. The effects of reaction conditions, such as salt concentration, molecular weight of stabilizers, on the micromorphology of the dispersions were investigated systematically by using biological photomicroscope. The results showed that the particle shape in stable dispersions were more regular, basically spherical or ellipsoidal. Stable anionic polyacrylamide dispersions could be obtained on condition that salt concentration was between 26%~30%, molecular weight of stabilizers between 1.760×106~2.317×106 g•mol-1.

Dispersion Polymerization of Acrylamide and Acrylic Acid in Aqueous Media

2009 ◽  
Vol 87-88 ◽  
pp. 233-238
Author(s):  
Jiao Lu ◽  
Bo Peng ◽  
Ming Yuan Li ◽  
Mei Qin Lin
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Intrinsic Viscosity ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Apparent Viscosity ◽  
Dispersion Polymerization ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Aqueous Salt Solutions

Dispersion polymerization of acrylamide and acrylic acid was successfully carried out in aqueous salt solutions using anionic polyelectrolytes as stabilizers. The influences of aqueous solution of salt concentration, molecular weight and concentration of the stabilizers on the apparent viscosity and stability of the dispersions, and on the molecular weight of the polymers prepared were investigated. The results showed that stable dispersions could be obtained on condition that salt concentration was between 26%~30%, concentration of stabilizers between 8%~12%, and intrinsic viscosity of stabilizers between 2.977~3.740 dL/g. With salt concentration ranging from 26% to 30%, molecular weight of products increased first and then decreased. Molecular weight of products was hardly changed when concentration of stabilizer was between 8%~12%. When intrinsic viscosity of stabilizer was between 2.977~3.740 dL/g, increase of the molecular weight of stabilizer resulted in a decrease in the molecular weight of the products.

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