scholarly journals Attempts to induce haploids in anther cultures of sugar, fodder and wild species of beet

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina Rogozińska ◽  
Maria Gośka
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Starvation ◽  
Growth Substances ◽  
Vegetative Buds ◽  
Lower Ability ◽  
Anther Cultures

In the present investigation, aimed at obtaining beet haploids from anthers, the effect of mineral media, potato and sugar beet extract and p-fluorophenylalanine (PFP) in combination with growth substances was tested. Nutrient-starved plants as anther-donors, anther-starvation, cold treatment and photoperiod were also analysed. On all mineral media the anthers produced callus and roots; however, the percentage depended on the combination of growth substances used. The best medium for differentiation was that of Linsmaier and Skoog with 25 µM zeatin or 6-(3-methyl-2-butenylamino)purine with 5 µM naphthalene-l-acetic acid (25.5%). The addition of PFP caused an increase in the percentage of anther differentiation (41.6%). Besides callus and roots on one of the anthers (in ca. 140000 tested), vegetative buds were formed from which numerous plants were obtained (2n). Plant and anther nutrient starvation did not improve the anther response to differentiation, nor did it induce haploid development, similarly as cold treatment of inflorescences or isolated anthers. The anthers of wild species showed lower ability to differentiate than those of sugar or fodder beets. Cytological analyses showed formation of multicellular structures until ca. the 12-th day of anther culture; afterwards, they degenerated.

Biochemical and physiological studies on dormancy release in tree buds. III. Changes in endogenous growth substances and a possible mechanism of dormancy release in overwintering vegetative buds of Populus balsamifera

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 1483-1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Bachelard ◽  
F. Wightman
Keyword(s):  
Endogenous Growth ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Winter Dormancy ◽  
Populus Balsamifera ◽  
Growth Substances ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Vegetative Buds ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Physiology And Biochemistry ◽  
Physiological Studies

Variations in the amounts of auxins, gibberellins, and inhibitors in vegetative buds of Populus balsamifera L. with the passage from winter dormancy to the spring flush of growth were examined using bioassay techniques. The patterns of change found for gibberellins and inhibitors and for the ratios between them were similar to the patterns reported earlier (Bachelard and Wightman 1973, unpublished) in the physiology and biochemistry of the buds.These results, and others reported in the literature, suggest a possible mechanism of dormancy release and subsequent growth from the buds. This mechanism involves gibberellins, inhibitors, and cytokinins and focusses attention on the coordination of growth in the whole plant.

scholarly journals The Assessment of Androgenic Response of Two Nematode Resistant Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Genotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 2103
Author(s):  
Flavien Shimira ◽  
Davut Keleş ◽  
Hatıra Taşkın ◽  
Kazım Abak
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Culinary Traditions

Pepper is one of the most cultivated vegetables worldwide and also consumed substantially as a flavouring ingredient in different culinary traditions. Therefore, many researchers have focused on its breeding to develop new varieties. One of plant breeding aims is to attain disease and pest resistance. The use of tissue culture methods in plant breeding has many advantages. The response of two nematode resistant pepper genotypes to the anther culture and the effect of cold pre-treatment to the floral buds have been investigated in this study. Alata 2095 and Alata 2096 both specified as resistant to the nematode by Alata Horticultural Research Institute (Alata, Mersin, Turkey) were used as plant material. Two pre-treatments were used in this study: cold and no cold. In cold treatment, flower buds were kept in fridge at 4°C for 24 hours prior to the anther culture. Murashige and Skoog medium contained 0.25% activated charcoal, 6.5 g L-1 agar, 0.5 mg L-1 6-benzyl-amino-purine (BAP), 4 mg L-1 naphthalene-acetic-acid (NAA), 15 mg L-1 silver nitrate (AgNO3), and 30 g L-1 sucrose was used. After assessment, the highest mean of plant number was 39.08 per 100 anthers for Alata 2095 genotype. It was 46.61 and 31.56 in cold and no cold treatment, respectively. For Alata 2096 genotype, the mean was 1.96 per 100 anthers (1.68 and 2.25 in cold and no cold treatment, respectively). Statistical analyses confirmed that there was significant difference between treatments, genotypes and also significant interaction between those factors. At the end of the study, we can say that Alata 2095 genotype has a good androgenic response and it can be beneficial in further pepper breeding studies.

scholarly journals Using Anther Culture Method for Flax Breeding Intensification

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Andra Miķelsone ◽  
Dace Grauda ◽  
Veneranda Stramkale ◽  
Reinis Ornicāns ◽  
Isaak Rashal
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Fibre Content ◽  
Bast Fibre ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Dh Lines ◽  
Anther Cultures ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Flax breeding is a long and complicated process based on hybridization and following selection of the best plants. Because of possible occasional cross-pollination the development of genetically stable homozygous lines could last more than 15 years. For more rapid creating of initial material for flax breeding anther culture methods for producing doubled haploid (DH) lines could be used successfully. The goal of this study was to develop the best anther culture protocol for producing DH lines from hybrids included in Latvian flax breeding programme and to do preliminary field evaluation of obtained DH lines. F4 hybrids were used in the experiment. Method, most applicable for establishing of DH from anther cultures, was elaborated; 13 DH lines were obtained during the experiment. Such agronomic important traits, as vegetation period, total plant height, number of seed vessels, number of seeds in a seed vessel, 1000 seeds weight, oil and bast fibre content were evaluated for obtained DH lines. Several accessions showed high 1000 seeds weight, number of seeds in a seed vessel, good oil and bast fibre content. It was concluded that anther culture method is of value of using as an adjunct to classical methods of flax breeding.

scholarly journals Gametic Embryogenic Response in Wild Diploid Solanum Species and its Implications for Genome Sequencing Projects and Breeding

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-173
Author(s):  
A Castillo ◽  
P Gaiero ◽  
B López Carro ◽  
F Vilaró
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Solanum Species ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Solanum Commersonii ◽  
Potato Germplasm ◽  
Anther Culture Response ◽  
Anther Cultures ◽  
Embryogenic Response ◽  
Haploid Plants

The anther culture response in Solanum commersonii (2n = 2x = 24, 1EBN) and S. chacoense (2n = 2x = 24, 2EBN), two wild potato germplasm resources was studied to obtain haploid plants. Three accessions from each of the two species and 3200 anthers from each genotype were cultured. Authors assessed different culture media; ascorbic acid, L?cysteine and silver nitrate (AgNO3) were included to prevent browning of anther cultures. Addition of AgNO3, was effective to induce embryogenesis. The clones from S. commersonii showed different embryogenic response to androgenesis. However, the three accessions from S. chacoense did not induce any embryo in the same conditions. Ploidy level of the regenerated clones was estimated by flow cytometry and confirmed by chromosome counts. This is the first report of haploid plants obtained from anther culture in S. commersonii, with important implications in sequencing efforts and potato breeding.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 26(2): 159-173, 2016 (December)

scholarly journals Seedlings damping-off of Chenopodium quinoa Willd.

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dřímalková ◽  
K. Veverka
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Ascochyta Caulina ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Lower Ability

The causal agents of damping-off of quinoa seedlings were determined in greenhouse experiments. <I>Ascochyta caulina</I>,<I> Fusarium</I> <I>avenaceum</I>,<I> Fusarium</I> spp., <I>Alternaria </I>spp. and <I>Pythium</I> spp. were isolated from infected parts of quinoa seedlings. The most frequent <I>Pythium</I> sp. was <I>P. aphanidermatum</I>. Pathogenicity tests confirmed that <I>P. aphanidermatum</I> and <I>F. avenaceum</I> were the causal agents of damping-off of quinoa seedlings under greenhouse conditions. A comparison of the reaction of quinoa with that of other susceptible plants (spinach, cabbage, sugar beet) showed that quinoa is most susceptible to the pathogen before emergence, during germination till the end of the stage of the first pair of true leaves. Germinable quinoa seeds seemed to have a lower ability to emerge from the soil. This serious problem is caused not only by pre-emergence damping-off from pathogens but more so by a complex of several adverse factors during germination when quinoa is most sensitive.

Embryo induction and plant regeneration of Callerya speciosa (Fabaceae) through anther culture

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilan Huang ◽  
Li Xu ◽  
Kelie Li ◽  
Yunlu Fu ◽  
Zhiying Li
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Anther Wall ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Anther Cultures

An in vitro protocol for Callerya speciosa (Champ.) Schot regeneration through embryogenesis was developed using the anthers as the explants. The late uninucleate stage of the microspore was optimal for the anther culture of C. speciosa. Embryonic callus was induced on a MS basal medium supplemented with 4.4 µM 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 9.04 µM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Embryos were obtained on MS medium supplemented with 2.2 µM BA and 0.5 µM naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The highest percentage (16.7%) of embryos was achieved using the culture medium MS + 0.25 µM NAA + 1.1 µM BA. The highest percentage of embryos that developed into plants was 18.3%. However, haploid plants were not observed, which may have been due to the collection of the calli from the anther wall. The results presented here demonstrate the establishment of a highly efficient and rapid system for regenerating C. speciosa using anther cultures.

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