scholarly journals Sporoderm infrastructural and cytochemical modifications in cytoplasmic male sterile broad-bean (Vicia faba L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 223-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Audran ◽  
Jacky Bouillot
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Fertile Pollen ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Sterile Pollen ◽  
Microscopic Techniques

A comparative study of mature sporoderms of sterile and fertile pollen grains was performed using electron microscopic techniques. In sterile pollen grains, intine is lacking; ectexine sculpture is reduced and tectum is overlaid by membranous systems. Infratectal texture is compact and a sporopollenin granulous mass is obturing the aperture central region. Endexine reacts with proteins and acidic carbohydrates tests.

scholarly journals Microsporogenesis and pollen grains in Silene dioica (L.) Cl. and alterations in its anthers parasited by Ustilago violacea (Pers.) Rouss. (Ustilaginales)

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 29-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Audran ◽  
Mekinto Batcho
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Silene Dioica ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Ustilago Violacea ◽  
Sporogenous Tissue ◽  
Microscopic Techniques

Healthy and infected anthers are comparatively studied with optical and electron microscopic techniques. The fungus stops the stamen histogenesis at an early stage and destroys specifically the sporogenous tissue.

Male sterility in field beans (Vicia faba L.). III. Male sterility with a cytoplasmic type of inheritance

1966 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Bond ◽  
J. L. Fyfe ◽  
Gillian Toynbee-Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
Natural Crossing ◽  
Cytoplasmic Type ◽  
Field Beans

1. Male-sterile plants were discovered in the progeny of an open-pollinated plant which had undergone a much higher level of natural crossing than any of a group of fifty plants drawn from the same population.2. Some male-sterile plants produced a few viable pollen grains under some conditions but these rarely permitted self-fertilization. A few plants had both sterile and fertile tillers. Male sterility was not transferred by grafting. No effect on the proportion of fertile plants could be found, when progenies were observed early and late in the season, sown in the autumn and spring or grown at contrasting plant densities.3. Inbred lines, unrelated to the male-sterile plants and their derivatives, varied greatly in their ability to restore male fertility. Some lines maintained the sterility almost completely, two consistently gave all male-fertile offspring, but the majority were partial restorers.

scholarly journals Effects of air temperature, humidity and air pollution on fertility of birch pollen in urban environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-351
Author(s):  
O. V. Bychkova ◽  
L. P. Khlebova
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Birch Pollen ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Fertile Pollen ◽  
Sterile Pollen

We studied effects of environmental factors on pollen fertility of Betula pendula Roth.) in 15 sites of the city of Barnaul (Russia, Altai Territory), differing in traffic intensity. We found that low temperature was more stressful for the development of birch pollen compared to high one. When the temperature drops below +8°C, the amount of sterile pollen in all locations significantly increased regardless of the anthropogenic load, on average exceeding 8%. With an increase in temperature of more than +10 °C, the proportion of sterile pollen also increased, but the jump was not as sharp as in cold weather. The optimum temperature for the formation of fertile pollen grains was in the range of 8–10 °С. The optimal humidity for the development of fertile pollen of B. pendula was 40–45%. The increase in air dryness led to a significant decrease in the quality of pollen grains, the proportion of sterile ones exceeded 8%. According to the transmission coefficient (Keff = 0.1514), the dominant factor in the development of sterile pollen grains of birch was the level of air pollution (concentration of carbon monoxide). Air temperature (Keff = 0.1427) and humidity (Keff = 0.1427) affected equally the quality of pollen. The proposed model makes it possible to predict the level of sterile birch pollen in the conditions of Barnaul depending on the weather conditions of vegetation and on the level of pollutants in the atmosphere.

Polarity Determination in Sphalerite and Wurtzite Structures

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 500-501
Author(s):  
Stuart McKernan ◽  
C. Barry Carter
Keyword(s):  
Opposite Polarity ◽  
Single Domain ◽  
Polar Material ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Dynamical Interaction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Polarity Determination ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Microscopic Techniques

The determination of the absolute polarity of a polar material is often crucial to the understanding of the defects which occur in such materials. Several methods exist by which this determination may be performed. In bulk, single-domain specimens, macroscopic techniques may be used, such as the different etching behavior, using the appropriate etchant, of surfaces with opposite polarity. X-ray measurements under conditions where Friedel’s law (which means that the intensity of reflections from planes of opposite polarity are indistinguishable) breaks down can also be used to determine the absolute polarity of bulk, single-domain specimens. On the microscopic scale, and particularly where antiphase boundaries (APBs), which separate regions of opposite polarity exist, electron microscopic techniques must be employed. Two techniques are commonly practised; the first [1], involves the dynamical interaction of hoLz lines which interfere constructively or destructively with the zero order reflection, depending on the crystal polarity. The crystal polarity can therefore be directly deduced from the relative intensity of these interactions.

Techniques For The Preparation of Tissue Samples Containing Injectable Polymer Microcapsules

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 710-711
Author(s):  
G.E. Visscher ◽  
R. L. Robison ◽  
G. J. Argentieri
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Tissue Reaction ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Injectable Polymer ◽  
Microscopic Techniques

The use of various bioerodable polymers as drug delivery systems has gained considerable interest in recent years. Among some of the shapes used as delivery systems are films, rods and microcapsules. The work presented here will deal with the techniques we have utilized for the analysis of the tissue reaction to and actual biodegradation of injectable microcapsules. This work has utilized light microscopic (LM), transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopic techniques. The design of our studies has utilized methodology that would; 1. best characterize the actual degradation process without artifacts introduced by fixation procedures and 2. allow for reproducible results.In our studies, the gastrocnemius muscle of the rat was chosen as the injection site. Prior to the injection of microcapsules the skin above the sites was shaved and tattooed for later recognition and recovery. 1.0 cc syringes were loaded with the desired quantity of microcapsules and the vehicle (0.5% hydroxypropylmethycellulose) drawn up. The syringes were agitated to suspend the microcapsules in the injection vehicle.

Ultrastructural Immunocytochemistry of Five Rat Pituitary Adenomas

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 724-725
Author(s):  
D. J. McComb ◽  
N. Ryan ◽  
E. Horvath ◽  
K. Kovacs ◽  
E. Nagy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Pituitary Tumors ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Electron Microscopic Immunocytochemistry ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Rat Pituitary ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Microscopic Techniques

Conventional light and electron microscopic techniques failed to clarify the cellular composition and derivation of spontaneous and induced, intrasellar and transplanted pituitary adenomas in rats (1). In the present work, electron microscopic immunocytochemistry was applied to evaluate five adenohypo-physial tumors using a technique described by Moriarty and Garner (2). Spontaneously occurring pituitary adenomas (group 1) were harvested from aging female Long-Evans rats. R-Amsterdam rats were treated with 2 x 1.0 mg estrone acetate (HogivaI) s.c. weekly for 6 months. Pituitary adenomas in excess of 30 mg were removed from these animals to make up the tumors of group 2. Groups 3 and 4 consisted of estrogen-induced autonomous transplan¬ted pituitary tumors MtT.WlO and MtT.F4. Group 5 was a radiation-induced transplanted autonomous pituitary tumor MtT.W5. The tumors of groups 3,4 and 5 were allowed to proliferate in host rats 6-8 weeks prior to removal for processing. Tissue was processed for transmission electron microscopy (glutaraldehyde fixation, OsO4 postfixation and epoxy resin embedding), and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry (3% paraformaldehyde fixation and Araldite embedding).

scholarly journals Male meiosis and pollen morphology in diploid Indonesian wild bananas and cultivars

The Nucleus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fajarudin Ahmad ◽  
Yuyu S. Poerba ◽  
Gert H. J. Kema ◽  
Hans de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Sterility ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Chromosome Analysis ◽  
Male Meiosis ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Unreduced Gamete ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Sterile Pollen ◽  
Mother Cells

AbstractBreeding of banana is hampered by its genetic complexity, structural chromosome rearrangements and different ploidy levels. Various scientific disciplines, including cytogenetics, linkage mapping, and bioinformatics, are helpful tools in characterising cultivars and wild relatives used in crossing programs. Chromosome analysis still plays a pivotal role in studying hybrid sterility and structural and numerical variants. In this study, we describe the optimisation of the chromosome spreading protocol of pollen mother cells focusing on the effects of standard fixation methods, duration of the pectolytic enzyme treatment and advantages of fluorescence microscopy of DAPI stained cell spreads. We demonstrate the benefits of this protocol on meiotic features of five wild diploid Musa acuminata bananas and a diploid (AA) cultivar banana “Rejang”, with particular attention on pairing configurations and chromosome transmission that may be indicative for translocations and inversions. Pollen slides demonstrate regular-shaped spores except “Rejang”, which shows fertile pollen grains of different size and sterile pollen grains, suggesting partial sterility and unreduced gamete formation that likely resulted from restitutional meiotic divisions.

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