scholarly journals The effect of potassium nutrition on growth and on plant hormones content in Scots pine (Pinus silvestris L.) seedlings

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Michniewicz ◽  
Jadwiga Stopińska
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Pinus Silvestris ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Potassium Nutrition ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Leafy Shoots ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

Pine seedlings were cultivated in Ingestad nutrient solution containing potassium as KCl on a 16-hr day, under light intensity of about 4000 lx and temperature of about 23° C. K+ used in a concentration of 50 ppm exerted a most pronounced positive effect on the growth of seedlings. After 4 months it was found that potassium used in this concentration increased elongation of hypocotyls, shoots, roots, primary and secondary needles as well as fresh weight and dry matter of tissues. In leafy shoots K+ increased the level of free gibberelirns (GAs) and auxins and decreased the amount of bound GAs and an ABA-like inhibitor. In the roots K+ nutrition increased the amount of free GAs and of the growth inhibitor and decreased the level of bound GAs and auxins. No evident influence of K+ on the level of cytokinins in plant tissues was stated.

scholarly journals The influence of nitrogen nutrition on the dynamics of growth and metabolism of endogenous growth regulators in Scotch pine (Pinus silvestris L.) seedlings

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-510
Author(s):  
M. Michniewicz ◽  
B. Rożej ◽  
J. Stopińska
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Scotch Pine ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Nitrogen Treatment ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings ◽  
Stimulation Of

Pine seedlings were cultivated in sterile agar cultures containing nitrogen as NH4Cl. The most pronounced positive effect on the growth of seedlings was affected by N used at a concentration of 50 ppm. After 4 months was stated that nitrogen had only a slight effect on elongation, of .shoots but decreased the length of roots. Nitrogen increased the lenght and number of primary and secondary needles as well as the fresh and dry matter of sboots. It stimulated also the number of lateral roots and the fresh and dry matter of the root system. Stimulation of shoot growth and differentiation as a result of nitrogen treatment was correlated with the increase -of free gibberellins and auxins and decrease of the amount of bound gibberellins and ABA-like inhibitor in shoots. However the effect of N on growth of roots was connected with the increase of auxins, cytokinins and ABA-like inhibitor in these organs.

The role of silicon in forages: A quantitative X-Ray study

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 416-417
Author(s):  
Janet H. Woodward ◽  
D. E. Akin
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Acetate Buffer ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Sodium Acetate Buffer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Percent Composition

Silicon (Si) is distributed throughout plant tissues, but its role in forages has not been clarified. Although Si has been suggested as an antiquality factor which limits the digestibility of structural carbohydrates, other research indicates that its presence in plants does not affect digestibility. We employed x-ray microanalysis to evaluate Si as an antiquality factor at specific sites of two cultivars of bermuda grass (Cynodon dactvlon (L.) Pers.). “Coastal” and “Tifton-78” were chosen for this study because previous work in our lab has shown that, although these two grasses are similar ultrastructurally, they differ in in vitro dry matter digestibility and in percent composition of Si.Two millimeter leaf sections of Tifton-7 8 (Tift-7 8) and Coastal (CBG) were incubated for 72 hr in 2.5% (w/v) cellulase in 0.05 M sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.0. For controls, sections were incubated in the sodium acetate buffer or were not treated.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Physical Barriers to Protect Ponderosa Pine Seedlings from Pocket Gophers

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Pipas ◽  
Gary W. Witmer
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Pocket Gophers ◽  
Thomomys Talpoides ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings ◽  
Medium Weight ◽  
Better Than

Abstract A 2 yr study on the Rogue River and Mt. Hood National Forests in Oregon evaluated physical barriers for protection of Pinus ponderosa seedlings against damage by Thomomys talpoides. Seedlings protected with one of three weights of: (1) plastic mesh tubing (Vexar®) or (2) sandpapertubing (Durite®) were evaluated against control seedlings. On the Rogue River sites, Vexar® seedlings had the highest survival (62.6%), followed by the controls (59.1%), then Durite® seedlings (17.9%). Gophers were the primary cause of death for the Vexar® seedlings, versus desiccation for the Durite® seedlings. On the Mt. Hood sites, heavyweight Vexar® seedlings had the highest survival (35.4%), medium-weight Durite® seedlings the lowest (2.7%). Seedling mortality caused by gophers was highest for controls (70.2%), followed by light-weight (62.2%) and heavy-weight (53.9%) Vexar® treatments. Overall survival was low (Rogue River = 42%, Mt. Hood = 19.8%). Growth was greatest for the control seedlings but only significantly greater than growth of Durite® seedlings on the Rogue River sites. Growth of seedlings was not compromised by the Vexar® tubing. Although neither type of tubing was highly protective, Vexar® tubes performed better than Durite® tubes. West. J. Appl. For. 14(3):164-168.

scholarly journals Effect of Organic Manures on Growth, Rhizome Yield and Quality Attributes of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Z. U. Kamal ◽  
M. N. Yousuf
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
Neem Cake ◽  
Yield And Quality

The investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of different organic manures on turmeric with reference to vegetative growth, biomass production, rhizome yield and its attributes of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). Turmeric showed better response to the application of organic manures. Plant with neem cake application had the taller plant (79.30 cm), maximum number of tillers per plant (5.40), leaf number (5.40), leaf area (44.09) leaf area index (0.429), fresh weight of halum ( 190.05g), fresh weight of root (49.13 g), fresh weight of rhizome per plant (256.21 g) and dry weight of halum (15.21g), dry weight of root (7.32 g), dry weight of rhizome per plant (40.35 g), total dry matter yield (6.85 t ha-1) than those received other types of manures. Moreover, yield attributes such as number of mother rhizomes per plant-1 (1.75), more number of primary rhizomes per plant-1 (5.19), secondary rhizomes per plant-1 (18.03) and tertiary rhizomes per plant (7.69) were also highly accelerated by neem cake application. Similarly, the same treatment expressed the best in terms of size of mother rhizome (7.69 cm), primary rhizome (21.86 cm) and secondary rhizomes (7.05 cm).All these parameters in cumulative contributed to  produce the highest estimated fresh rhizomes yield & cured rhizomes yield (29.48 t ha-1, 5.59 t ha-1 respectively). The highest curing percentage (20.28) was observed in T3 treatment having mustard cake@ 2.0 t/ha. Thus, organic manure like neem cake was best fitted natural fertilizer for turmeric cultivation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v10i1.11060The Agriculturists 2012; 10(1): 16-22

scholarly journals Incorporation of dl-[2−14C]mevalonic acid lactone into β-carotene and the phytol side chain of chlorophyll in cotyledons of four species of pine seedlings

1967 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Wieckowski ◽  
T W Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Mevalonic Acid ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Pinus Silvestris ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Acid Lactone ◽  
Β Carotene

1. The incorporation of dl-[2−14C]mevalonic acid lactone into β-carotene and the phytol side chain of chlorophyll has been investigated in cotyledons of four species of pine seedlings (Pinus silvestris, P. contorta, P. radiata and P. jeffrei) grown in darkness and in light. 2. The relative incorporation of label into β-carotene and the phytol side chain of chlorophyll is similar to that observed in experiments on monocotyledons and dicotyledons. 3. The relative incorporation of 14CO2 into β-carotene and phytol is much higher than the incorporation of [2−14C]mevalonic acid.

RESPONSE OF PEAS TO ENVIRONMENT: IV. EFFECT OF FIVE SOIL WATER REGIMES ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PEAS

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Maurer ◽  
H. F. Fletcher ◽  
D. P. Ormrod
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Severe Water Stress ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Soil Water Conditions

Pea plants growing in "weighing lysimeters" were subjected to five soil-water regimes to determine their response to varying conditions of soil water imposed at different stages of development. Plants subjected to a minimal water stress developed luxuriantly and continued to grow up to the harvest period. Pea yield and plant height were not reduced, but fresh weight and dry matter were less if irrigation was applied when soil water fell to 60% rather than 88% of that available. A severe water stress after blossom reduced pea yield, irrespective of soil-water conditions prior to blossom. Plants which had been given ample soil water before blossom wilted visibly when a severe stress was imposed in the post-blossom period, yet wilting did not occur in plants subjected to severe water stress both before and after blossom. Severe water stress prior to blossom did not cause a decrease in pea yield if ample soil moisture was made available after blossom.

Growth of axillary buds of Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. bullata sub var. gemmifera)

1991 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Wilcockson ◽  
A. E. Abuzeid
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
Size Profile ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Bud Size ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
Subtending Leaves

SUMMARYIn 1984 and 1985, the growth of axillary buds of Brussels sprouts plants was studied at Cockle Park, Northumberland, UK. Bud growth commenced in late September or early October and continued at all nodes until the final harvest in December. Total bud yield increased at a broadly constant rate until late November but at a decreasing rate thereafter. Plants produced c. 100 nodes with buds ≥ 5 mm diameter. The largest buds were c. 40 mm diameter and 25 g fresh weight. Bud size increased from the base of the stem upwards to between the 20th and 40th nodes and then decreased towards the apex. Nodes 20–40 (20% of the total) produced c. 40–45% of total bud yield. The size profile of leaves along the stem followed a similar pattern to the buds and the largest buds were in the axils of the largest leaves. There were close relationships between bud fresh weight and size, bud fresh weight and size, bud fresh weight and volume and log10 bud fresh weight and log10 bud size (r2 ≥ 0·995). The density of buds was c. 0·8 and bud fresh weight doubled for each 5 mm increase in bud diameter.Current photosynthesis of the leaf canopy was apparently the major source of assimilates for bud growth. A C14 tracing experiment suggested that growth of individual buds was mainly supported by their subtending leaves. There was no evidence of re-translocation of dry matter from dying leaves or the stems to buds or of substantial production of dry matter by the buds themselves. Rates of bud photosynthesis were only about 10% of the rate of leaves. The continued increase in bud fresh weight and size at the lowest nodes when leaves were senescing rapidly and after they had abscissed was probably mainly the result of water uptake rather than dry matter accumulation.

Enhancement of iron availability by some organic materials

1979 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Parsa ◽  
A. Wallace ◽  
J. P. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Iron Availability ◽  
Lawsonia Inermis ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Phenolic Substances ◽  
And Control ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Positive Effect

SUMMARYIn a preliminary laboratory experiment in Iran, not reported here, 5 out of 30 plant materials incorporated into a highly calcareous soil had a positive effect on increasing the DTPA- (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid)-extractable Fe and all except one significantly increased the vegetative growth of sorghum. The plant materials included Lawsonia inermis L., Malva silvestris L., Zyzyphus nummularia Wak. and Lavandula carnopifolia L. A glasshouse study was repeated with two California soils pretreated with 0·5% Fe2O3 to determine if these organic materials have practical value in making Fe available to plants. A calcareous, Fe-deficient Hacienda (fine-loamy, mixed, thermic aquic natrargid) and a non-calcareous Yolo (fine-silty, mixed, non-acid, thermic typic xerothents). The previously mentioned organic materials and Laminaria saccharina L. (Lamour) were incorporated into the soils at two rates, 15000 and 20000μg/g, as air dry and in ash form. An adequate supply of major and micronutrients other than Fe was ensured. Other treatments included 5 μg Fe/g as FeSO4, Fe-138 chelate and control. All of the plant materials with the exception of L. carnopifolia significantly increased dry-matter yield and Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn uptake by sorghum in the Hacienda soil. In the Yolo soil the above were not significant. Thin-layer chromatography of the extracts of the plant materials revealed the presence of significant quantities of phenolic substances.

Feeding value of three categories of pea (Pisum sativum, L.) for poultry

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Grosjean ◽  
B. Barrier-Guillot ◽  
D. Bastianelli ◽  
F. Rudeaux ◽  
A. Bourdillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Starch Digestibility ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractThe nutritional value of different categories of peas was measured in mash or pelleted diets using adult cockerels. Twenty-five round and white-flowered peas (feed peas), 12 round and coloured-flowered peas and five wrinkled and white-flowered peas were used in mash diets. From the same batches, 11 feed peas, five coloured peas and four wrinkled peas were tested in pelleted diets.Mean apparent metabolizable energy (AME) values were 12·02, 11·35 and 10·50 MJ/kg dry matter (DM) for feed peas, coloured peas and wrinkled peas respectively in mash diets and 13·18, 12·72 and 11·63 MJ/kg DM for the same categories in pelleted diets.Mean starch digestibility was 0·905, 0·887 and 0·802 for feed peas, coloured peas and wrinkled peas respectively in mash diets and 0·985, 0·984 and 0·840 for these categories in pelleted diets.Mean protein digestibility was 0·788, 0·643 and 0·798 for feed peas, coloured peas and wrinkled peas respectively in mash diets and corresponding values for peas in pelleted diets were 0·855, 0·743 and 0·853.Pelleting thus had a positive effect on the nutritional value of peas and this improvement was all the more important because the AME and protein digestibility of the pea in mash diets was low.The nutritional value of feed peas for cockerels was not strongly correlated with chemical composition or to digestibility data obtained in the pig.

Propagules of Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) in Soil

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamini Siriwardana ◽  
Roy K. Nishimoto
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Parent Population ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Aerial Parts

The upper 30 cm of soil in a field infested with purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL. #3CYPRO) contained 4900 to 5100 corms and tubers/m26 weeks after soil rotovation and irrigation. The upper 4, 8, 12 and 16 cm of soil had 45, 79, 95 and 99%, respectively, of the corms and tubers. Lower depths of soil contained larger tubers with higher percent dry matter than the shallow depths. Of the total number of corms and tubers, 51% were from the parent population. At 6 weeks, only 15% of the total tuber and corm population were not connected to aerial parts. Tubers from the parent population had a higher fresh weight than those from the new population. Parent tubers occurred singly or in chains of up to eight tubers.

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