scholarly journals Photosynthesis rate in moss leaves of various anatomical structure

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Krupa
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Contact Surface ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Light Saturation ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
Area Unit ◽  
Degree Of Differentiation

On the basis of measurements of the rate of gas exchange in the leaves of mosses the value of the compensation and of the light saturation of photosynthesis points was determined. These points differentiate mosses into photo- and sciophilous ones.Moss species such as: <i>Mnium punctatum, Catherinea undulata, Polytrichum juniperinum, Funaria hygrometrica, Polytrichum piliferum, Aloina rigida</i> were also classified according to differences in the anatomical structure of their leaves. The morphological characters of the anatomical structure of leaves and their chlorophyll content are connected with photosynthetic activity. There is a correlation between the leaf surface and the degree of differentiation of the anatomical structure. This results in an enlargement of the contact surface of the cells assimilating from the air, and this in turn is associated with an increase in the photosynthetic activity per leaf surface area unit.

scholarly journals Anatomical structure of moss leaves and their photosynthetic activity

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Krupa
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Area Unit ◽  
The One ◽  
Leaf Area Unit ◽  
Degree Of Differentiation

The photosynthetic activity of the leaf area unit increases depending on the degree of differentiation of the anatomical structure of the leaves of six chosen moss species. There is a correlation between the leaf area and the degree of differentiation of the anatomical structure resulting in enlargement of the area of contact of the assimilating cells with air. The leaves of <em>Catharinea undulata</em> having a one-layer blade and provided with several lamellae show a higher photosynthesis per 1 cm<sup>2</sup> of their surface than the one-layer leaves of <em>Mniurnm</em> or <em>Funaria. Aloina</em> leaves are the smallest in area among those of the moss species discussed, however, their photosynthetic rate is almost 4.5 times higher than in <em>Funaria</em> leaves. By analogy to the structure of leaves and their function in vascular, plants, these changes and correlations may be considered as attempts of primeval adaptation of mosses to terrestrial conditions of living.

Analysis of salinity effects on basil leaf surface area, photosynthetic activity, and growth

2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 823-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Houneida Attia ◽  
Chayma Ouhibi ◽  
Ahlem Ellili ◽  
Najoua Msilini ◽  
Ghaïth Bouzaïen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Salinity Effects ◽  
Leaf Surface Area

Photosynthetic activity and productivity of the sunflower hybrid warrior depending on growing conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 84-95
Author(s):  
O.V. Nikitenko ◽  
S.V. Litoshko
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Classical System ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Net Productivity ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
Hybrid Sunflower

As a result of the conducted in 2016–2018 studies on the study of the features of photosynthetic activity of the Ratnik hybrid sunflower found that the indicators of the leaf area of one plant and one hectare changed under the influence of the use of mineral fertilizers and growth regulators and were large according to the classical system of basic tillage. The largest indices of the leaf surface area of one plant in all systems of basic tillage were noted with the introduction of full fertilizer N60P60K60. The use of growth regulators in all combinations resulted in an increase in leaf area per plant and per hectare. Large indices of net productivity of photosynthesis were noted in crops according to the classical system of basic tillage, which were, depending on the scheme of drug use: on the control (without fertilizers) – 5,95–6,16 g/m2 × day, in variants with the introduction of N40 – 6,31–6,56 g/m2 × day, in variants with the introduction of N40P60 – 6,25–6,47 g/m2 × day in the variants with the introduction of N60P60K60 – 6,29–6,42 g/m2 × day. The application of mineral fertilizers in various doses contributed to an increase in the net productivity of photosynthesis: according to the classical system by 0,31–0,44, according to the moldboard-free system by 0,02–0,24, at the minimum 0,01–0,08 g/m2 × day. The most favorable conditions for the formation of productivity by sunflower plants have developed according to the classical system of basic tillage with a yield depending on the dose of fertilizers and the option of using growth regulators 2,62–3,46 t/ha. The highest yields of the Ratnik hybrid sunflower – 3.46 and 3.45 t/ha, were obtained when growing according to the classical system of basic tillage, applying mineral fertilizers in a dose of N60P60K60 for pre-sowing cultivation of the second and fifth options for using growth regulators: 2. Rost-concentrate + Chelatin oilseeds (6–8 pairs of real leaves) 5.1 processing: Chelatin phosphorus-potassium + Chelatin мultimix + Chelatin mono boron (3–4 pairs of real leaves), 2 processing: Chelatin mono boron (6–8 pairs of real leaves). The formation of the crop was largely influenced by the system of basic tillage (r = -0.66) and the use of mineral fertilizers (r = 0.61) and the weak use of drugs (r = 0.17). It should be noted the close relationship between yield and leaf surface area (r = 0.78), CPF (r = 0.78), dry matter weight per plant (r = 0.99) and seed weight (r = 0.97 ). Key words: sunflower, system of basic tillage, mineral fertilizer, growth regulator, leaf area, net productivity of photosynthesis, yield.

scholarly journals Growth Promoting Effects of Vermiwash and Panchagavya on Dolichus Lablab under Field Experimental Conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-518
Author(s):  
V.N. Maheswari ◽  
M.P. Srikumaran ◽  
G.S. Rekha ◽  
D. Elumalai ◽  
P.K. Kaleena
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
The Other ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Growth Promoting

The present study explores the growth promoting effects of vermiwash and panchagavya on Dolichus lablab. Vermiwash was obtained from the vermicomposting unit and panchagavya was prepared using cow products such as milk, curd, urine, ghee and dung. Different concentrations of vermiwash and panchagavya (5:2%, 10:3% and 15:4%) were applied to the bean plants once in every week for 90 days. The exo-morphological characters such as shoot length, internode length, diameter of the internode, number of leaves, leaf surface area and chlorophyll content were recorded prior to every treatment in all the groups. Interestingly, 10:3% vermiwash and panchagavya treated lablab beans showed better growth promoting effects than the other plants. Thus, the results of the present study clearly suggest that 10:3% vermiwash and panchagavya could be used as effective foliar spray in the near future.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(4): 513-518

scholarly journals Isotope ratio-based quantification of carbon assimilation highlights the role of plastidial isoprenoid precursor availability in photosynthesis

Plant Methods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew E. Bergman ◽  
Diego González-Cabanelas ◽  
Louwrance P. Wright ◽  
Berkley J. Walker ◽  
Michael A. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Isotope Ratio ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Mep Pathway ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Leaf Surface Area

Abstract Background We report a method to estimate carbon assimilation based on isotope ratio-mass spectrometry (IRMS) of 13CO2 labeled plant tissue. Photosynthetic carbon assimilation is the principal experimental observable which integrates important aspects of primary plant metabolism. It is traditionally measured through gas exchange. Despite its centrality in plant research, gas exchange performs poorly with rosette growth habits typical of Arabidopsis thaliana, mutant lines with limited biomass, and accounts poorly for leaf shading. Results IRMS-based carbon assimilation values from plants labeled at different light intensities were compared to those obtained by gas exchange, and the two methods yielded similar values. Using this method, we observed a strong correlation between 13C content and labeling time (R2 = 0.999) for 158 wild-type plants labeled for 6 to 42 min. Plants cultivated under different light regimes showed a linear response with respect to carbon assimilation, varying from 7.38 nmol 13C mg−1 leaf tissue min−1 at 80 PAR to 19.27 nmol 13C mg−1 leaf tissue min−1 at 500 PAR. We applied this method to examine the link between inhibition of the 2C-methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway and suppression of photosynthesis. A significant decrease in carbon assimilation was observed when metabolic activity in the MEP pathway was compromised by mutation or herbicides targeting the MEP pathway. Mutants affected in MEP pathway genes 1-DEOXY-d-XYLULOSE 5-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (DXS) or 1-HYDROXY-2-METHYL-2-(E)-BUTENYL 4-DIPHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (HDS) showed assimilation rates 36% and 61% lower than wild type. Similarly, wild type plants treated with the MEP pathway inhibitors clomazone or fosmidomycin showed reductions of 52% and 43%, respectively, while inhibition of the analogous mevalonic acid pathway, which supplies the same isoprenoid intermediates in the cytosol, did not, suggesting inhibition of photosynthesis was specific to disruption of the MEP pathway. Conclusions This method provides an alternative to gas exchange that offers several advantages: resilience to differences in leaf overlap, measurements based on tissue mass rather than leaf surface area, and compatibility with mutant Arabidopsis lines which are not amenable to gas exchange measurements due to low biomass and limited leaf surface area. It is suitable for screening large numbers of replicates simultaneously as well as post-hoc analysis of previously labeled plant tissue and is complementary to downstream detection of isotopic label in targeted metabolite pools.

SOOTY MOULD DISEASES OF SOME TREES FROM AURANGABAD DISTRICT, MAHARASHTRA (INDIA)

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
NAVALSINGH J. TODAWAT
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Sooty Mould ◽  
Leaf Surface Area

Sooty mould diseases of Tress from Aurangabad district were surveyed. During the survey of tress, 5 species were found infected by fungal pathogens causing sooty mould diseases. Disease is easily identifiable by the presence of a black, velvety growth covering the leaf surface area. The fungus produces mycelium which is superficial and dark grows on the flowers, leaf, stem and sometime on fruits also. The severity of disease depends on the honeydew secretions by insects. The diseases were found to be caused by 5 species of fungi viz. Capnodium anonae, C. ramosum, Capnodium sp., Meliola bangalorensis and Meliola ranganthii.

INFLUENCE OF GROWTH REGULATORS AND LED IRRADIATORS ON PINE STRAWBERRY ADAPTATION

1970 ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
M. G. Markova ◽  
E. N. Somova
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Fragaria X Ananassa ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Light Effects ◽  
Control Version

Work on going through the adaptation stage of rooted micro-stalks comes down to searching for new growth regulators and studying the influence of external conditions, which include, among other things, light effects. The data of 2018-2019 on the effect of growth regulators Siliplant, EcoFus and experimental LED phytoradiators on the adaptation of rooted micro-stalks of garden strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa duch) in vivo are presented. The object of research is rooted micro-stalks of garden strawberries of the Korona variety. It was revealed that, at the adaptation stage of rooted micro-stalks of strawberries, the most effective was the treatment of plants by spraying with Siliplant at a concentration of 1.0 ml/l and the combined treatment with Siliplant and EcoFus at concentrations of 0.5 ml/l: regardless of lighting, the survival rate averaged 99.4 - 99.7%, the leaf surface area increased significantly from 291.85 mm2 to 334.4 mm2. The number of normally developed leaves of strawberry microplants increased significantly after treatment with all preparations from 3.5 to 6.0, 5.8 and 6.5 pcs/plant, and a significant increase in the height of strawberry rosettes was facilitated by treatment with Siliplant and Siliplant together with EcoFus. Regardless of growth regulators, the most effective was the experimental LED phyto-irradiator with a changing spectrum, which contributed to an increase in leaf surface area, height of rosettes and the number of normally developed leaves in strawberry microplants. When illuminated with a flashing phytoradiator, these indicators are lower than in the control version, but not significantly. By the end of the rooting stage, all microplants of garden strawberries corresponded to GOST R 54051-2010.

Ramalina sekika (Ramalinaceae), a new species for the lichen flora of Russia from the Far East

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 256-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Kataeva
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Northeastern China ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
The Far East ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Independent Species ◽  
Lichen Flora

Ramalina sekika Asahina is reported for the first time from Russia from Sakhalin. It refers to the number of rare and poorly investigated species of the genus. Until now it was considered to be endemic to northeastern China. The original description and the location in the Far East are given, as well as the data on anatomical and morphological study of the Russian specimen. The differences in the anatomical structure of its thallus are discussed. A comparison of anatomical and morphological characters of R. sekika, R. pollinaria (Westr.) Ach. (European material), R. yasudae Räsänen has been made; the author considers them as independent species.

Particle size, leaf pubescence and condition of humidity at leaf surfaces are key factors determining the retention of volcanic ash on crop foliage.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noa Ligot ◽  
Benoît Pereira ◽  
Patrick Bogaert ◽  
Guillaume Lobet ◽  
Pierre Delmelle
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Volcanic Risk ◽  
Chilli Pepper ◽  
Leaf Pubescence ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Plant Foliage ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
Ash Deposit

&lt;p&gt;Volcanic ashfall negatively affects crops, causing major economic losses and jeopardising the livelihood of farmers in developing countries where agriculture is at volcanic risk. Ash on plant foliage reduces the amount of incident light, thereby limiting photosynthesis and plant yield. An excessive ash load may also result in mechanical plant damages, such as defoliation and breakage of the stem and twigs. Characterising crop vulnerability to ashfall is critical to conduct a comprehensive volcanic risk analysis. This is normally done by describing the relationship between the ash deposit thickness and the corresponding reduction in crop yield, i.e. a fragility function. However, ash depth measured on the ground surface is a crude proxy of ash retention on plant foliage as this metrics neglects other factors, such as ash particle size, leaf pubescence and condition of humidity at leaf surfaces, which are likely to influence the amount of ash that stays on leaves.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Here we report the results of greenhouse experiments in which we measured the percentage of leaf surface area covered by ash particles for one hairy leaf plant (tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L.) and one hairless leaf plant (chilli pepper, Capsicum annuum L.) exposed to simulated ashfalls. We tested six particle size ranges (&amp;#8804; 90, 90-125, 125-250, 250-500, 500-1000, 1000-2000 &amp;#181;m) and two conditions of humidity at leaf surfaces, i.e. dry and wet. Each treatment consisted of 15 replicates. The tomato and chilli pepper plants exposed to ash were at the seven- and eight-leaf stage, respectively. An ash load of ~570 g m&lt;sup&gt;-2 &lt;/sup&gt;was applied to each plant using a homemade ashfall simulator. We estimated the leaf surface area covered by ash from pictures taken before and immediately after the simulated ashfall. The ImageJ software was used for image processing and analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our results show that leaf coverage by ash increases with decreasing particle size. Exposure of tomato and chilli pepper to ash &amp;#8804; 90 &amp;#956;m always led to ~90% coverage of the leaf surface area. For coarser particles sizes (i.e. between 125 and 500 &amp;#181;m) and dry condition at leaf surfaces, a significantly higher percentage (on average 29 and 16%) of the leaf surface area was covered by ash in the case of tomato compared to chilli pepper, highlighting the influence of leaf pubescence on ash retention. In addition, for particle sizes between 90 and 500 &amp;#181;m, wetting of the leaf surfaces prior to ashfall enhanced the ash cover by 19 &amp;#177; 5% and 34 &amp;#177; 11% for tomato and chilli pepper, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;These findings highlight that ash deposit thickness alone cannot describe the hazard intensity accurately. A thin deposit of fine ash (&amp;#8804; 90 &amp;#181;m) will likely cover the entire leaf surface area, thereby eliciting a disproportionate effect on plant foliage compared to a thicker but coarser deposit. Similarly, for a same ash depth, leaf pubescence and humid conditions at the leaf surfaces will enhance ash retention, thereby increasing the likelihood of damage. Our study will contribute to improve the reliability of crop fragility functions used in volcanic risk assessment.&lt;/p&gt;

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