scholarly journals Effect of GA3 on ribonuclease activity in the embryos and endosperm of spring barley grain in the post-harvest dormancy period

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rejowski
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Ribonuclease Activity ◽  
Internal Factor ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Dormancy Period

The effect of GA<sub>3</sub> on ribonuclease activity in the embryos and endosperm of barley seeds was investigated during dormancy and after its end. Incubation of dormancy grain with GA<sub>3</sub> stimulated its germination, increased the dry weight of the embryos and their protein content. Ribonuclease activity in seeds treated with GA<sub>3</sub> was considerably enhanced. The increase was more rapid and intensive in the embryos than in the endosperm. The action of GA<sub>3</sub> was most effective, particularly as regards the endosperm, on grain which had already passed through the stage of dormancy and had reached physiological maturity. This is evidence that the internal factor regulating the process of dormancy exerts a stronger influence on the activity of ribonuclease than does exogenic giberrellic acid.

The development of seed quality in spring barley in four environments. II. Field emergence and seedling size

1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Pieta Filho ◽  
R. H. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Production Environments ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Field Emergence ◽  
Positive Correlations

AbstractThe field emergence ability of a total of 88 seed lots of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) harvested serially during development in 2 years was compared, as was the size of the resultant seedlings. For seedsproduced in each year, field emergence and the mean dry weight of emerged seedlings were significantly greater for seed lots harvested some timeafter physiological maturity (end of the seed-filling period) than for those harvested at or before this developmental stage. This is compatiblewith results for the potential longevity of these lots. It is concluded that barley seed quality continues to increase after physiological maturity, and that the developing seeds attain maximum quality (however this is assessed) close to when the seed crop can be combine harvested. Positive correlations were detected between seedling emergence and seed dry weight (P<0.05) and between the mean dry weight of emerged seedlings and seed dry weight (P<0.005) among seed lots harvested close to when maximum quality was attained in four seed production environments.

The development of barley grain: comparisons between cultivars for growth rate and α-amylase activity

1976 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Riggs ◽  
P. G. Gothard
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Absolute Level ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Days After Anthesis

SummaryGrains from ears of known anthesis time in seven spring barley cultivars were measured for dry weight and α-amylase activity at regular intervals during grain maturation. During the period 10–31 days after anthesis, dry weight increase of the grain was found to be substantially linear in all the cultivars. Comparisons between linear slopes fitted for this phase of growth were found to provide an objective means of comparing grain growth rates in different cultivars.α-Amylase activity per grain reached a peak in all except one cultivar at between 10 and 16 days after anthesis but declined rapidly during the linear phase of grain growth. α-Amylase activity per gram grain dry weight decreased exponentially during this period and transformation of the data to logarithms allowed a substantially linear fit to be made. Slopes for each of the cultivars were compared.Differences were found between cultivars in grain growth rates, total α-amylase activity and rates of fall of α-amylase activity per gram for the period 10–31 days after anthesis. No relationship could be found between grain growth rate and either the absolute level of α-amylase activity achieved in the grain or the rate of fall in activity during development.

EFFECT OF TILLAGE METHODS AND LEVELS OF MINERAL NUTRITION ON YIELD AND GRAIN QUALITY OF THE “VLADIMIR” SPRING BARLEY VARIETY IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF THE NON-CHERNOZEM ZONE

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
А.N. FILATOV ◽  
◽  
V.N. MAZUROV ◽  
V.K. KHRAMOY ◽  
E.R. ARLANTSEVA
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Grain Protein

Providing the brewing industry with locally produced raw materials is important both from an economic point of view and in terms of import substitution. Breeders create brewing barley varieties with a reduced protein content, however, in production they often use universal varieties that combine high yields with an average protein content of 11–12%. For such varieties, it is necessary to develop technological methods for obtaining a crop with specified properties, depending on the purposes of using the products. The quality indicators of barley grain and the efficiency of its production are significantly influenced by mineral fertilizers and the minimization of soil cultivation. In this regard, the authors studied the effect of minimal tillage on the yield and grain quality of spring barley of the Vladimir variety at two levels of mineral nutrition (without fertilizers 26 and with full supply oif mineral fertilizer – N35P40K135) in a two-factor field experiment carried out in 2018–2019 on the medium-loamy light gray forest soil. The experiment helped determine the yield and structure of the crop, the content of protein, starch, and grain hoodness (hull content). It was found that the lack of precipitation during the barley tillering – heading period leads to a decrease in grain yield by 40.0–54.8% as compared with the conditions of increased moisturizing. At the same time, there was an increase in the grain protein content by 1.4–1.7% and the grain filminess by 0.5–0.9%. The use of moderate rates of complete mineral fertilizer (N35P40K85) led to an increase in the barley yield by an average of 13.2% and the grain protein content by an average of 0.2%. On the other hand, it led to a decrease in the grain filminess by 0.2% and starch content by 0.4–0.6%. The positive effect of nitrogen fertilizers on the increase in protein content in barley grain was higher under minimal tillage. Under minimal tillage, regardless of the level of moisture supply and mineral nutrition, there was a tendency towards a decrease in the barley yield by an average of 3.9%, mainly due to a decrease in the density of the productive stalk. There was also a tendency towards a decrease in the protein content in the barley grain – by 0.3% – when no complete mineral fertilizer was used.

scholarly journals Effect of nitrogen fertilisation on technological value of spring barley grain

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 102-112
Author(s):  
Anna Wirkijowska ◽  
Piotr Zarzycki ◽  
Kazimierz Noworolnik ◽  
Danuta Leszczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilisation ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Technological Value ◽  
Plant Cultivation

The objective of the research study was to determine the effect of nitrogen fertilisation level on changes in the technological value of five spring barley cultivars intended for food production. A pot experiment with spring barley was performed in the greenhouse run by the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation. The barley cultivars studied were compared for the quantity and quality of grain yield including their response to three levels of nitrogen fertilisation (NH4NO3): 1, 2 and 3 g N/pot. The nitrogen fertilisation level proved to have a significant effect on the yield and quality of grains of the barley cultivars examined. With the increase in the nitrogen dose levels to 3 g/pot, a significant increase was reported in the grain yield and number of spikes per pot in all the spring barley cultivars, however there was a decrease in the weight of 1000 kernels. The levels of nitrogen fertilisation and the barley cultivars proved to have a significant impact on the contents of total dietary fibre (TDF) and (1,3)(1,4)-β-D-glucans but no interaction was found between the level of fertilisation and the cultivar. Significantly higher contents of TDF and (1,3)(1,4)-β-D-glucans were reported in the examined spring barley cultivars at a dose of 2 and 3 g N/pot compared to 1 g N/pot. With the increase in the nitrogen dose to 3 g N/pot, a significant increase was reported in the protein content in all the cultivars. Owing to the highest contents of dietary fibre and (1,3)(1,4)-β-D-glucans, and to a high protein content, the ‘Bordo’ and ‘Tocada’ varieties can be recommended as the best varieties to produce food.

SELECTION WORK TO IMPROVE PRODUCTIVE AND BREWING QUALITIES OF SPRING BARLEY

1970 ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
О. V. Levakova ◽  
L. М. Eroshenko ◽  
А. N. Eroshenko
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Extract Content ◽  
Labile Phosphorus ◽  
Loam Soil

The article presents and analyzes data of competitive varietal testing of promising varieties and lines of spring barley for yield and brewing qualities. Field studies were conducted in 2014–2017 on dark gray forest heavy loam soil. Agrochemical parameters are total nitrogen – 0.24%, humus content in a layer of 0-40 cm (according to Tyurin) – 5.19%, hydrolysis nitrogen – 123.5 mg / kg, salt extract pH – 4.92 mg-eq / 100g; labile phosphorus - 34.6 mg / 100g, labile potassium – 20.0 mg / 100g. The forerunner is winter wheat. Meteorological conditions in the years of research differed from each other and from the average long-term value. Barley samples were assessed by the protein content in the grain (GOST 10846-91), extract content (GOST 12130-77), weight 1000 grains (GOST 10842-89). Ecological plasticity was determined by the method proposed by E.D. Nettevich, A.I. Morgunov and M.I. Maksimenko, stability index (Ľ) by A. A. Gryaznov, indicator of stability level (Puss) by E. D. Nettevich and A. I. Morgunov. The main measure for assessing quality indicators is protein content. Many other biochemical and technological features of grain depend on its level. The experimental data convincingly testify to the significant influence of the soil and climatic conditions on the yield and, especially, on the brewing qualities of barley in the conditions of the Central Region of the Nonchernozem Zone. According to the studied traits, new valuable varieties Nadezhny, Sir, Noble and selection lines 141 / 1-09 h 746, 23 / 1-10 h 784, distinguished by high adaptability and resistance to adverse environmental factors, have been identified.

Evaluation of Nurse Crops for Weed Control and Plant Establishment in Prairie Restoration

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 485b-485
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Barry ◽  
Michael N. Dana
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Prairie Restoration ◽  
Plant Establishment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nurse Crops ◽  
Partridge Pea ◽  
Prairie Plant

Nurse crops are often recommended in prairie restoration planting. This work investigated several alternative nurse crops to determine their utility in prairie planting. Nurse crops were composed of increasing densities (900, 1800, or 2700 seeds/m2) of partridge pea, spring oats, spring barley, Canada wild rye, or equal mixtures of partridge pea and one of the grasses. The experimental design was a randomized complete-block set in two sites with three blocks per site and 48 treatments per block. Each 3 × 3-m plot contained 1 m2 planted in Dec. 1995 or Mar. 1996 with an equal mix of seven prairie species. The nurse crops were sown over each nine square meter area in April 1996. Plots lacking nurse crops served as controls. Evaluated data consisted of weed pressure rankings and weed and prairie plant dry weight. Nurse crop treatments had a significant effect on weed pressure in both sites. Barley (1800 and 2700 seeds/m2) as well as partridge pea + barley (2700 seeds/m2) were most effective at reducing weed pressure. When weed and prairie plant biomass values were compared, a significant difference was observed for site quality and planting season. Prairie plant establishment was significantly greater in the poorly drained, less-fertile site and spring-sown plots in both sites had significantly higher prairie biomass values. Overall, after two seasons, there was no advantage in using nurse crops over the control. Among nurse crop treatments, oats were most effective in reducing weed competition and enhancing prairie plant growth.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Treated Greywater Reuse in Irrigation on Growth and Protein Content of Prosopis and Albizia

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Naji K. Al-Mefleh ◽  
Yahia A. Othman ◽  
Maher J. Tadros ◽  
Amani Al-Assaf ◽  
Samer Talozi
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
World Health ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Albizia Lebbeck ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Significant Difference

This study investigated the influence of treated greywater on growth and protein content of multipurpose (forage and ornamental) transplants, Prosopis juliflora L., Prosopis tamarugo L., and Albizia lebbeck L. Transplants of tested species were irrigated with treated greywater, diluted greywater (grey + distilled water, 1:1/by volume), and distilled water (control) for seven months. Water quality analysis showed that the concentrations of nutrients and heavy metals found in the greywater were within the acceptable range compared with Jordan Institution for Standard and Metrology (JISM) and the World Health Organization (WHO) thresholds for safe use of greywater. Escherichia coli found in the greywater were lower compared to JISM and WHO guidelines for the safe use of greywater. Irrigation with treated greywater increased shoot fresh weight by 24–39% and dry weight by 34–40% compared to diluted greywater and control. No significant difference in crude protein was noticed between water treatments. Prosopis species (P. juliflora Albizia lebbeck L. and P. tamarugo Albizia lebbeck L.) had higher shoot fresh (35%) and dry weight the same species had lower crude protein (44%) when compared to Albizia lebbeck Albizia lebbeck L. The reuse of treated greywater for landscaping or forage production alleviates the demand for water resources and reduces the pressure on wastewater treatment plants. However, considering the controversial findings of previous studies on greywater quality (especially, long-term reuse), the reuse of treated greywater needs to be considered with caution and periodic quality analyses and economic assessments are required.

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