scholarly journals Korelacje między podziałami antyklinalnymi, wzrostem intruzywnym i eliminacją inicjalnych komórek wrzecionowatych kambium u Pinus silvestris L. [Relations between anticlinal divisions, intrusive growth and loss of fusiform initials in the cambium of Pinus silvestris]

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 593-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
St. Brański
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Silvestris ◽  
Intrusive Growth ◽  
Fusiform Initials

scholarly journals Desenvolvimento e mudanças celulares na estrutura dos raios xilemáticos de Rollinia emarginata Schlecht. (Annonaceae)

1988 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Paulo Cesar Botosso
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Intrusive Growth ◽  
Outermost Layer ◽  
Cellular Changes ◽  
Fusiform Initials ◽  
Cellular Transformations ◽  
Ray Initials

Through microscopical observations in serial tangential sctions from cambium to pith the development and the most significant cellular changes in the structure of rays of Rollinia emarginata Schlecht. (Annonaceae) were observed. The ray characteristics of the outermost layer of secondary xylem are described and the major changes in the ray structure in different stages of secondary develooment are considered. The cellular changes observed are extremely variable, occurring isolated or in complex combinations. The most significant cellular changes observed during ray development are the following: origin of ray initials from fusiform initials or from cambial ray initials; changes resulting from the intrusive growth of fusiform initials through a group of ray initials and the loss of ray initials from the cambium. From these cellular transformations the most important changes in the origin of secondary rays, increase in height and width and reduction in the height of multisseriate rays are considered.

Apical intrusive growth of cambial fusiform initials along the tangential walls of adjacent fusiform initials: evidence for a new concept

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Jura ◽  
Paweł Kojs ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal ◽  
Joanna Szymanowska-Pułka ◽  
Wiesław Włoch
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Intrusive Growth ◽  
Radial Wall ◽  
Cambial Cell ◽  
Fusiform Initials ◽  
Periclinal Walls ◽  
Symplastic Growth ◽  
Wisteria Floribunda ◽  
Fusiform Initial

A new study of cambium of Pinus sylvestris L., Tilia cordata Mill. and Wisteria floribunda (Willd.) DC provides fresh clues on the cambial dynamics, rejecting the hitherto held concept that intrusive growth of the fusiform initial occurs between the radial walls of adjacent initials. It demonstrates that intrusion of the elongating initial in fact takes place along tangential walls of adjacent fusiform initials and their immediate derivatives. It also suggests a new mechanism for ‘elimination of initials’. Intrusive growth of the fusiform initial was found to begin with development of characteristic slants, representing a transitional stage of the process of transformation of periclinal walls of fusiform initial cells into radial walls, as observed in transverse sections of active cambium. The gradually progressing event comprised (a) appearance of either a triangular microspace limited by two periclinal walls of a fusiform initial and its derivative and one radial wall of another fusiform initial in the adjacent radial file, or a rhomboidal microspace enclosed by four periclinal walls of two laterally adjacent fusiform initials and their immediate derivatives, (b) intrusion of elongating tip of fusiform initial from neighbouring file into the microspace thus formed, (c) symplastic growth of the cambial cell walls in radial direction, (d) unequal periclinal divisions of fusiform initial cells while growing intrusively, and (e) unequal periclinal divisions of derivative cells not growing intrusively. Intrusive growth between periclinal walls affected rearrangement of the fusiform initials but did not add to the cambial circumference. The existing concepts of (a) intrusion of the fusiform initial between radial walls of neighbouring initials and (b) elimination of fusiform initials from cambial surface have been reassessed and redefined.

Mathematical Modeling of Intrusive Growth of Fusiform Initials in Relation to Radial Growth and Expanding Cambial Circumference in Pinus sylvestris L.

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Karczewska ◽  
J. Karczewski ◽  
W. Włoch ◽  
J. Jura-Morawiec ◽  
P. Kojs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Intrusive Growth ◽  
Fusiform Initials

scholarly journals Growth activity of fusiform initials in storeyed cambium

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Zagórska-Marek
Keyword(s):  
Activity Pattern ◽  
Intrusive Growth ◽  
Fusiform Initials ◽  
Growth Activity ◽  
Time Periods

The intrusive growth of fusiform initials was studied in <i>Entandrophragma</i>, This growth makes possible a change in the position of the cell ends of one storey in respect to those in the neighbouring storey, and this is 'turn leads to changes in the orientation of cambial initials. The growth activities of the oppositely directed ends of the same initial are not the same. Not all cell ends are simultaneously actiye. There are groups of ends distributed alternately in a storey which are active or inactive, so that a pattern of growth activity appears in the cambium. The activity of a particular cell end changes in successive time periods. Owing to this, the rate of creeping of one end past. those of the adjoining storey varies. This phenomenon of changes in the activity of cell ends in time may be referred to the phenomenon of the appearance of the growth activity pattern on the cambium surface under the hypothesis of transverse shifting of the elements of this pattern ("active" and. "inactive" groups) in relation to the cambial initials.

Variability in Apical Elongation of Wood Fibres in Lonchocarpus Sericeus

IAWA Journal ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Jura-Morawiec ◽  
Wiesław Włoch ◽  
Paweł Kojs ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Lateral Expansion ◽  
Intrusive Growth ◽  
Wood Tissue ◽  
Tropical Hardwood ◽  
Wood Fibres ◽  
Fusiform Initials ◽  
Lonchocarpus Sericeus ◽  
Hardwood Tree ◽  
The Given

Morphological variability in wood fibres of Lonchocarpus sericeus (Poir.) Kunth ex DC. (Leguminosae), a tropical hardwood tree with doublestoreyed cambium, was examined in thin tangential and transverse sections as well as in macerations of wood tissue. Occurrence of characteristic protrusions (lateral expansions) was detected on the extended part of the main fibre body. Distance between the adjacent protrusions corresponded to the height of a storey (horizontal tier) of the cambial initials. Rays were shorter in height than the neighbouring fusiform initials and therefore unable to reach the boundary of the storey. This situation facilitated the lateral expansion of the adjoining fibres during their apical elongation by intrusive growth. The presence of the characteristic protrusions on the fibre body thus indicated that the given fibre was associated with a double-storeyed cambium having rays shorter than the length of fusiform initials. The ultimate shape of fibres was thus correlated to the height of storeys and the height and width of rays.

Correlation of intrusive growth of cambial initials to rearrangement of rays in the vascular cambium

IAWA Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Wilczek ◽  
Joanna Jura-Morawiec ◽  
Paweł Kojs ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal ◽  
Wiesław Włoch
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Vascular Cambium ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Intrusive Growth ◽  
Hippophaë Rhamnoides ◽  
Fusiform Initials ◽  
Cambial Cells ◽  
The One ◽  
Fusiform Initial ◽  
Ray Initials

It is well documented that apical elongation of fusiform cambial initials through extension of their longitudinal edges, and their intrusion between tangential walls of the neighbouring initials and their closest derivatives cause rearrangement of fusiform cells, without increasing the cambial circumference. However, the concurrent rearrangement of rays is not fully understood. This study deals with Pinus sylvestris L., Tilia cordata Mill. and Hippophaë rhamnoides L., possessing a nonstoreyed, storeyed and double-storeyed type of cambium, respectively, and shows that the mechanism for rearrangement of ray initials is similar to the one proposed for fusiform initials, and includes multiplication of ray initials by anticlinal divisions, intrusive growth of ray initials, elimination of ray initials caused by intrusive growth of neighbouring fusiform initials, and transformation of ray initials into fusiform initials. Intrusive growth of a ray initial does not necessarily lead to the formation of a new fusiform initial, as it is dependent on the extent of the intrusive growth taken place. The extent of rearrangement of cambial cells is determined by the intensity of events occurring among the fusiform as well as ray initials. Intrusive growth of these initials does not influence the size of the cambial circumference.

Does intrusive growth of fusiform initials really contribute to circumferential growth of vascular cambium?

Botany ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiesław Włoch ◽  
Joanna Jura-Morawiec ◽  
Paweł Kojs ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal ◽  
Józef Krawczyszyn
Keyword(s):  
Tangential Direction ◽  
Vascular Cambium ◽  
Fusiform Cell ◽  
Intrusive Growth ◽  
Laburnum Anagyroides ◽  
Fusiform Initials ◽  
Visible Effect ◽  
Symplastic Growth

Currently it is believed that intrusive growth of fusiform cambial initials adds to the circumference of the cambial cylinder: the initial cells multiplied by anticlinal divisions are produced in excess, and the excess cells are later eliminated from the cambial surface. The present study, dealing with the intrusive growth of fusiform initials in the cambium of Laburnum anagyroides Medik, suggests that addition of a radial file of initials owing to intrusive growth, or elimination of any such file, has no visible effect on the tangential dimensions of a given cambial sector, and that intrusive growth of fusiform initials and the elimination of excess initials occur in unison. The two events complement each other, and the gain in size of the growing fusiform cell is accompanied by a reduction in size of its neighbour cell, thus keeping the tangential dimensions of the cambium unchanged. Our findings on L. anagyroides find support from illustrations of previous studies, which we have re-examined and re-interpreted. Our data suggest that increase in the cambial circumference is largely due to the symplastic growth of the fusiform initials in tangential direction.

scholarly journals Upward movement of the domain pattern in the cambium producing wavy grain in Picea excelsa

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Hejnowicz
Keyword(s):  
Upward Movement ◽  
Domain Pattern ◽  
Intrusive Growth ◽  
Fusiform Initials ◽  
Picea Excelsa ◽  
The Right

The cambium which produces wavy-grained xylem in spruce differs from normal cambium by a higher frequency of oblique anticlinal divisions and a higher rate of intrusive growth of fusiform initials. Since the orientation, either to the left or to the right, of the divisions and the overlaps achieved by the growting tips is uniform within the areas called domains, the domain pattern of the cambium is reflected in the pattern of grain undulations in the xy1em. The domain pattern moves longitudinally about 0.7 mm during the production of l mm of xylem. A visible expression of the movement is the obliquity of undulation lines on the radial face of the wavy xylem.

Cambial Development and Tracheid Length of Dwarf Pines (Pinus Densiflora and P. Thunbergii)

IAWA Journal ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Ok Lim ◽  
Woong Young Soh
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Annual Rings ◽  
Intrusive Growth ◽  
Tracheid Length ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Anticlinal Division ◽  
Fusiform Initials ◽  
Cambial Cells ◽  
Mother Cells

From a comparison of cambial cells and their derivatives between naturally occurring dwarf trees and normal ones, it was concluded that tracheids in the annual rings of dwarf trees are shorter, narrower and fewer than those of normal trees. The frequency of anticlinal division and loss of cambial initials is low during differentiation of xylem cells from cambial initials in dwarf pines. The length and intrusive growth of fusiform initials are slightly less than those of normal trees. Thus, it is concluded that the shortening of tracheids in dwarf trees is due to the fact that cambial initials are themselves shortened and that intrusive growth during differentiation of xylem mother cells has occurred.

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