scholarly journals Antifungal activity of sodium chloride on Saprolegnia diclina and Aphanomyces sp.

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esam H. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Protease Production ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Sesame Seeds ◽  
Zoosporic Fungi ◽  
Applied Dose ◽  
Metabolic Activities

Sixteen identified and three unidentified species belonging to six genera of zoosporic fungi were isolated from forty water samples which were collected from different fish and fish hatcheries farms at Abbassa city, Sharkiya governorate, Egypt, using sesame seeds baiting technique at 20±2°C. <em>Saprolegnia</em> and <em>Achlya</em> contributed the broadest spectra of species diversity amongst the other genera of zoosporic fungi. <em>Saprolegnia diclina</em> and <em>Aphanomyces</em> sp. were the most prevalent species of zoosporic fungi. The abundance of zoosporic fungal species in these aquacultures was correlated with some physicochemical characteristics of the water samples. The two dominant species of zoosporic fungi were tested for their tolerance of NaCl solution and its impact on some morphological and metabolic activities of these fungi. <em>Saprolegnia diclina</em> tolerated concentrations of NaCl solution till 12000 μg/ml whereas the maximum resistance of <em>Aphanomyces</em> sp. was 8000 μg/ml. The examined morphological aspects of the two studied fungal species, which included the colony diameters, the vegetative hyphae, zoosporogenesis, zoospores discharge, sexual reproductive structures and gemmae formation, were generally affected depending upon the tested fungal species and the applied dose of NaCl solution. The low treatments of NaCl solution were significantly stimulative compared with the control for protease production by <em>S. diclina</em> but higher doses were significantly suppressive. A significant decline in protease activity at all applications was found when Aphanomyces sp. was treated with NaCl solution. The total free amino acids and total protein content of <em>S. diclina</em> and <em>Aphanomyces</em> sp. mycelia were almost significantly increased relative to untreated controls at the low dose of NaCl solution and they were significantly dropped at the higher concentrations by the two zoosporic fungi.

scholarly journals Biodiversity of zoosporic fungi in polluted water drainages across Niles’Delta region, Lower Egipt

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esam H. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
The Family ◽  
Zoosporic Fungi

Thirty-four identified in addition to five unidentified species appertaining to ten genera of zoosporic fungi were identified and isolated from eighty four polluted water samples, which were randomly collected from different polluted sites of the water drainages along the Niles Delta in Lower Egypt. Baiting sesame seeds culture technique was employed at 20±2º C for the recovery of zoosporic fungi. The genera; <em>Pythium</em> and <em>Saprolegnia</em> (8 and 7 zoosporic fungal species, respectively) showed the broadest spectra of species diversity whereas <em>Aqualinderella</em> was only represented by one species (<em>A. fermentans</em>). <em>Saprolegnia delica</em> and <em>Dictyuchus carpophorus</em> (the greatest fungal populations) were the most dominant isolated zoosporic fungal species where they were highly occurred especially at the hyper-polluted waters with the heavy metals. These two species could be considered as indicators for the response of the structure and function of microbial communities for water pollution. Several zoosporic fungal species were rarely encountered. Both <em>Aqualinderella fermentans</em> and <em>Pythium rostratum</em> were recovered in moderate frequency of occurrence. Water samples which had high concentrations in heavy metals were the poorest in the species diversity of zoosporic fungi. Despite that, fungal species belonging to the family <em>Saprolegniaceae</em> flourished in hyper polluted water samples whilst those belonging to the family <em>Pythiaceae</em> predominated in more diluted water samples. Also, the prevalent species; <em>S. delica</em> and <em>D. carpophorus</em> were not affected by heavy metals concentrations being as indicators for water pollution with the heavy metals. pH values of the polluted water samples had no influence on the occurrence of zoosporic fungi. Water samples characterized by high organic matter content and low total soluble salts were the richest in zoosporic fungal species.

Role of Oregano (Origanum vulgare) Essential Oil as a Surface Fungus Inhibitor on Fermented Sausages: Evaluation of Its Effect on Microbial and Physicochemical Characteristics

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLEMENCIA CHAVES-LÓPEZ1 ◽  
ANA MARÍA MARTIN-SAacute;NCHEZ ◽  
EVANGÉLICA FUENTES-ZARAGOZA ◽  
MANUEL VIUDA-MARTOS ◽  
JUANA FERNÁNDEZ-LÓPEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Potassium Sorbate ◽  
Fermented Sausage ◽  
Acremonium Strictum ◽  
Oregano Essential Oil ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Cladosporium Sphaerospermum

Oregano essential oil (OEO) was evaluated to determine its effect on the growth of natural contaminating molds on the surface of Spanish fermented sausage, the development of the internal microbial population of the sausage, and the physicochemical properties of the sausage. Results indicated a dramatic reduction in the contaminant molds. At the end of ripening, the main endogenous fungal species in control samples were Mucor racemosus (55%), Aspergillus fumigatus (20.6%), Cladosporium sphaerospermum (11.1%), Acremonium strictum (7.9%), and Aspergillus niger (4.7%). In samples treated with OEO, M. racemosus and A. fumigatus were the only species isolated; the treatment was more effective against A. fumigatus than against M. racemosus. The use of OEO to inhibit surface fungi did not affect the sausage drying process, pH, water activity, or color changes during ripening. These parameters change in a typical pattern for fermented dry-cured sausages during ripening. At the end of ripening, OEO-treated sausages had lower hardness and greater chewiness than the control but showed similar textural properties to sausages treated with potassium sorbate.

scholarly journals STUDY OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BIRD VALLEY’S QUARRY WATER PCMC, MAHARASHTRA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Shashikala Kokcha ◽  
Harsha Chatrath
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Present Condition ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Drinking Purposes ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Methods And Techniques

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study is to make sure that the Bird valley’s quarry water is suitable for drinking purposes or not and to monitor the seasonal variations in the physico-chemical parameters of this quarry water. Methodology: Water samples from the quarry were collected in clean and sterilized polyethylene bottles. Water samples were collected from different points and mixed together to get an integrated sample. Some of the selected physico-chemical parameters of the quarry water have been analyzed. Results were compared with standard limits of IS: 10500-2012. All the parameters were analyzed in the laboratory by using standard methods and techniques. Main Findings: As per the obtained results this quarry water contains a very large number of Coliforms detected in the months of September and December and in June month Coliform count was 33 CFU/ml. This overall result for coliform is making this quarry water unfit for domestic purposes. Applications of this study: This study helps us to understand the current condition of this quarry water and also enables us to know whether the quarry water is fit for drinking purposes. It also enables us to know whether this quarry water can be used for domestic purposes after the treatment. Novelty/Originality of this study: Bird valley’s quarry water has not been analyzed from this point of view till date. This study will help us to understand the present condition of the water.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Study of Keratinophilic Fungi in Baghdad Swimming Pools

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1122-1129
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Keratinophilic Fungi ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Swimming Pools ◽  
Isolation Period

The present study was included the isolation of Keratinophilic fungi from water samples taken from 19 indoor public swimming pools in Baghdad during four season (summer ,fall ,spring ,and winter). Isolation period was September 2011and September 2012 . Samples were collected from different places in swimming pool . Sixteen keratinophilic fungal species, belonging to twenty –one genera were isolated using Surface Dilution Plating (SDP) and Hair Bait Technique (HBT) . Aspergillus genus was the most frequent and occurrence (19.84%), followed by Trichophyton (11.60%) and Fusarium (7.59% ) . The most common fungal infection occurred in summer season (42.16%) , and the most frequent month manifestation of species occurred in August (17%) .

scholarly journals Hydrogeochemical Analysis and Spatial Distribution of Groundwater Quality in Roundhill Landfill Vicinity of South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 117862211987277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Nyika ◽  
Ednah Onyari
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Magnesium Carbonate

Groundwater is the most reliable resource for consumptive uses worldwide, but it is vulnerable to anthropogenic pollution in this post-industrialization era. Pollution of the resource may result from anthropogenic activities; hence, analysing the effects of leachate on groundwater is imperative. This study assessed the spatial distribution of physicochemical parameters of groundwater in Roundhill landfill vicinity of South Africa and conducted their hydrogeochemical analysis. Water samples were collected from 3 boreholes in the landfill surroundings and analysed for selected physicochemical characteristics. Spatial distribution of these parameters showed dominant pollution by Mn2+, Fe2+, and [Formula: see text], which surpassed prescribed allowable limits of the country in most of the study area. Possibilities of simple dissolution and ion mixing were deduced from the Durov diagram. Magnesium carbonate, sodium chloride, and mixed faces of groundwater were dominant in boreholes 1 to 3, respectively. The dominance of Ca2+, Cl−, Mg2+, and [Formula: see text] ions in some boreholes suggested anthropogenic pollution. Landfill leachate was associated with groundwater pollution in the study area.

scholarly journals Intranasal Vaccine Using P10 Peptide Complexed within Chitosan Polymeric Nanoparticles as Experimental Therapy for Paracoccidioidomycosis in Murine Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Samuel Rodrigues Dos Santos Junior ◽  
Francenya Kelley Lopes da Silva ◽  
Lucas Santos Dias ◽  
Ana Camila Oliveira Souza ◽  
Marcelo Valdemir de Araujo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Experimental Therapy ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Dispersion Index ◽  
Fungal Load ◽  
Intranasal Vaccine

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a granulomatous fungal disease caused by the dimorphic fungal species of Paracoccidioides, which mainly affects the lungs. Modern strategies for the treatment and/or prevention of PCM are based on a Th1-type immune response, which is important for controlling the disease. One of the most studied candidates for a vaccine is the P10 peptide, derived from the 43 kDa glycoprotein of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. In order to improve its immune modulatory effect, the P10 peptide was associated with a chitosan-conjugated nanoparticle. The nanoparticles presented 220 nm medium size, poly dispersion index (PDI) below 0.5, zeta potential of +20 mV and encapsulation efficiency around 90%. The nanoparticles’ non-toxicity was verified by hemolytic test and cell viability using murine macrophages. The nanoparticles were stable and presented physicochemical characteristics desirable for biological applications, reducing the fungal load and the usual standard concentration of the peptide from 4 to 20 times.

scholarly journals Seasonal Dynamics of the Microbial and Physicochemical Characteristics of Streams and Boreholes in Uzuakoli, Eastern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Okezie Onyemaechi ◽  
Nwachukwu Ejikeme
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

Water samples from twenty water sources (fifteen boreholes and five streams) in Uzuakoli, Nigeria were collected for the period of 6 months covering the dry and rainy seasons to assess the level of contamination. The Microbiological characteristics including heterotrophic counts, coliform counts and physicochemical parameters includes pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, calcium, potassium, nitrate, magnesium and phosphate were evaluated using standard methods. The total Heterotrophic counts for the borehole during the dry and rainy season were 8.3 x 103 cfu/ ml and 10.8 x 104 cfu/ ml. The Heterotrophic counts for the stream were 12.7 x 104 cfu/ ml and 17.8x 106 cfu/ ml. The frequency of occurrence of the isolates are Staphylococcus aureus 63% in borehole and 85% in streams, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 49% in boreholes and 95% in streams, Proteus sp 52% in boreholes and 97% in streams, Streptococcus sp 46% in boreholes and 53% in streams, Enterobacter aerogenes 33% in boreholes and 63% in streams, Escherichia coli 16% in boreholes and 53% in streams and Salmonella sp no percentage in boreholes and 40% in streams. The result shows a significant difference at (P≤0.05) for the bacterial isolates. The physicochemical parameters of the borehole and stream water samples during the dry and rainy seasons were determined. The temperature ranged from 25oC 32oC; pH ranged from 5.3 8.1; turbidity ranged 0.03 3.23; dissolved oxygen ranged from 3.45–7.40mg/l; biochemical oxygen demand ranged from 1.20–4.32mg/l; chemical oxygen demand ranged from 2.50–5.21mg/l; Calcium ranged from 0.81–5.64mg/l; potassium ranged from 1.01–4.22mg/l; Nitrate ranged from 1.49–4.02mg/l; magnesium ranged from 0.13–2.20mg/l; phosphate ranged from 0.51–2.01mg/l. The water samples were all within the WHO limits apart from sample from Iyi Agbozu that had temperature of 32oC.

scholarly journals HALOTOLERANCE AEROMONADS ISOLATED FROM WATER AND PERCH (SANDER LUCIOPERCA) IN THE DELTA OF THE VOLGA RIVER

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-242
Author(s):  
Olga V. Obukhova ◽  
L. V. Lartseva
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
River Ecosystem ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Sander Lucioperca ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Stability Indices ◽  
Peptone Broth

The article presents the results of a study of halotolerance in aeromonads isolated from 447 specimens of perch (Sander lucioperca) and 375 water samples in areas of its habitat in the delta of the Volga River. They were subdominant in the microbial landscape of these biotopes. There were no significant differences inoculation aeromonads found in various parts of the delta. Their halotolerance was studied by means of inoculation of daily pure cultures of meat--peptone broth with 3, 7 and 10% of sodium chloride content and incubation at 37◦C. All the studied microflora of this spieces was established to have significant indices of halotolerance with a predominance in water isolates. Whereby in cases of 3.0 and 7.0% NaCl concentrations were 2.2 times more and in the 10.0% NaCl solution with water and fish strains had similar indices, showing them to be of “marine origin”. Among isolated aeromonads, shattering the water and fish most halophilic strains of A. hydrophila and A. sobria, and halophobic strains were presented by A. caviae. As a rule, water strains had stability indices above in the average of 1.3 times higher than fish ones. Epidemiologically important strains of A. sobria were isolated from water more frequently than from fish, whereas A. hydrophila was isolated as in water as in fish at the same level. Halotolerance of isolated aeromonads in hydroecosystems of the delta of the Volga River had seasonal specificity and dynamics. The gain in halotolerance in aquatic strains of aeromonads in spring and autumn was caused by natural and climatic processes and the elevation in the salinity of delta waters. Enhanced halophilic strains of fish in these seasons is determined by their migration with fish, because in seasons pike migrates from the sea to the river ecosystem.

scholarly journals Poultry breasts with white striping meat x impacts on technological properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e919119448
Author(s):  
Natalia de Morais Leite ◽  
Mayka Reghiany Pedrao ◽  
Talita Kato ◽  
Jorge Nicolas Inoue ◽  
Ioshimi Lilian Watanabe Hasunuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
White Striping

This work aimed to characterize the physicochemical parameters and technological properties of breasts from poultry with WS and compare them with normal breasts to evaluate breast quality. Poultry breast fillets (10 normal and 10 carcasses with WS) were White Striping (WS) is a major problem that compromise the quality of the meat. Occurrence of WS on the surface of chicken breasts impairs the visual appearance and consequently decreases consumer acceptance causing damage to the industrial sector. obtained from a slaughterhouse. Then they were weighed, packaged and stored in the freezer at -20°C until analysis of: pH, moisture, protein, lipids, lipid oxidation, warmed-over flavor (WOF), water holding capacity (WHC), cooking loss (CL), exudate protein content (EP) and myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI) of proteins. The physicochemical characteristics and technological parameters of poultry breasts with WS compromised the quality of the product when compared to the normal breast showing heavier breasts, increasing moisture, lipid content, lipid oxidation and WOF, reduction in total protein content and WHC and an increase in CL, EP content and MFI of proteins. Therefore, this myopathy showed changes in the physical and chemical parameters that can compromise the technological and sensory aspects of meat products, affecting their quality.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Aspergillus sp in the Production of Protease Enzyme with Different Substrates

2021 ◽  
pp. 643-653
Author(s):  
D. Manimekalai ◽  
G. Senthilkumar ◽  
V. Ambikapathy ◽  
A. Panneerselvam
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Fermentation Medium ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Protease Production ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar Medium ◽  
Protease Enzyme ◽  
Microbial Resources ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

In the present study, the soil samples were collected from marine environment of Arichalmunai,  Dhanushkodi, Ramnad District, Tamilnadu ,India. Fungal species were isolated by plating method, in 50% sea water containing potato dextrose agar medium .Totally 16 fungal species were isolated and identified from the soil sample. The production of protease from Aspergillus niger , A.flavus and A. terreus by liquid state fermentation. The production of     protease  enzyme was optimized by using fermentation medium containing different substrates. The maximum protease production was observed on wheat bran, containing medium. The protease production was maximum in temperature 35ºC were recorded. Wheat bran produced the maximum level protease. The optimization work also carried out.  This study revealed that coastal environment provides impressive density of fungi in the East Coast of India and are unexplored  for microbial resources can be useful in industry.

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