scholarly journals New record of Phytophthora root and stem rot of Lavandula angustifolia

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leszek B. Orlikowski ◽  
Alma Valjuskate
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
New Record ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Lavandula Angustifolia ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Cardinal Temperature

<em>Phytophthora cinnamomi</em> was isolated from rotted root and stem parts of lavender as well as from soil taken from containers with diseased plants. Additionally <em>Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium</em> spp. and <em>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</em> were often isolated from diseased tissues. <em>P. cinnamomi</em> colonised leaves and stem parts of 4 lavender species in laboratory trials and caused stem rot of plants in greenhouse experiments. Cardinal temperature for <em>in vitro</em> growth were about 7,5 and 32°C with optimum 25-27,5°C. The species colonised stem tissues at temperature ranged from 10° to 32°C.

INFLUENCE OF BIOPREPARATES ON MICROBIOLOGICAL DEPRIVATION AND CONSUMER PROPERTIES OF THE BEETROOT

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Г.А. КУПИН ◽  
Т.В. ПЕРШАКОВА ◽  
П.И. КУДИНОВ ◽  
Л.В. МИХАЙЛЮТА ◽  
М.В. БАБАКИНА
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Biological Product ◽  
Beet Root ◽  
Biological Preparation ◽  
Control Samples

Проведены исследования по определению эффективности ингибирующего действия биопрепаратов Экстрасол, Бактофит и Алирин на фитопатогены Sclerotinia sclerotiorum и Botrytis cinerea, вызывающие белую и серую гниль корнеплодов свеклы столовой в процессе хранения. Установлено, что биопрепарат Бактофит имеет наибольшую активность в отношении исследованных фитопатогенных микроорганизмов. Потенциал биопрепарата для контроля порчи свеклы столовой оценивали в опытах in vitro. Ингибирующую способность биопрепарата Бактофит по отношению к Sclerotinia sclerotiorum и Botrytis cinerea исследовали в срезах корнеплодов свеклы при температуре 25°С в течение 7 и 14 сут и при 2°С в течение 7, 14, 28 и 35 сут. Установлено, что после хранения образцов корнеплодов свеклы при температуре 25°C в течение 7 и 14 сут средний диаметр зоны поражения Sclerotinia sclerotiorum в контрольных образцах без внесения Бактофита составил 4,5 и 7,5 мм соответственно; в опытных образцах, зараженных фитопатогенном, но обработанных биопрепаратом, – 2,2 и 4,5 мм соответственно. При температуре хранения 2°C образцов корнеплодов свеклы в течение 7 сут средний диаметр зоны поражения Botrytis cinerea в контрольных образцах составил 1,8 мм, в образцах с внесением биопрепарата признаков развития заболевания не наблюдалось. После хранения образцов корнеплодов свеклы при температуре 2°C через 14, 28 и 35 сут средний диаметр зоны поражения Botrytis cinerea в образцах, не обработанных Бактофитом, составил 3,0; 5,1 и 7,4 мм соответственно; в образцах, прошедших обработку биопрепаратом, – 0,8; 2,0 и 2,5 мм соответственно. Доказана целесообразность применения биопрепарата Бактофит для контроля развития микробиальной порчи свеклы в процессе хранения. Обработка корнеплодов свеклы биопрепаратом Бактофит в сочетании с надлежащими технологиями хранения может снизить количественные и качественные потери продукции растениеводства за счет предотвращения микробиологической порчи. Some investigation were done to define effectiveness of biological preparation Extrasol, Bactofit and Alirin action on phytopathogens Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Bothrytis cinerea, which cause diseases (white and gray rot) of beetroot during storage. It was stated that biological preparation Bactofit is most active and effective against phytopathogenic microorganisms. Potential of the biopreparation to control beethroot diseases was estimated in in vitro experiments. Antogonistic activity of biological preparations Bactofit against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Bothrytis cinerea was investigated in beetroot cut under 25°C during 7 and 14 days and 7, 14, 28 and 35 days under 2°C. It was found that after storage of samples of beet roots at 25°C for 7 and 14 days the mean diameter of the affected area of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in the control samples without making Bactofit was 4,5 and 7,5 mm, respectively; in the experimental samples infected with pathogenic, but are processed by the biological product, and 2,2 and 4,5 mm, respectively. At a storage temperature of 2°C beet root samples for 7 days, the average diameter of the Botrytis cinerea lesion zone in the control samples was 1,8 mm, in the samples with the introduction of a biopreparation no signs of the disease were observed. After storage of samples of beet root crops at a temperature of 2°C through 14, 28 and 35 days, the average diameter of the lesion zone Botrytis cinerea in samples not treated with Bactophyt was 3,0; 5,1 and 7,4 mm, respectively; in samples treated with a biological product – 0,8; 2,0 and 2,5 mm, respectively.. The feasibility of application of biological Bactofit to control the development of microbial deprivation of the beets during storage proved. Processing beet biologic Bactofit in combination with appropriate storage technologies can reduce quantitative and qualitative losses of crop production by preventing microbial deprivation.

scholarly journals Effects of SHAM on the Sensitivity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea to QoI Fungicides

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 1884-1888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjie Liang ◽  
Jinli Li ◽  
Chaoxi Luo ◽  
Jianhong Li ◽  
Fu-Xing Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Qoi Fungicides ◽  
Quinone Outside Inhibitor ◽  
Fungal Phytopathogens ◽  
The Ideal

It is a common practice to add salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) into artificial medium in the in vitro sensitivity assay of fungal phytopathogens to the quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides. The rationale for adding SHAM is to inhibit fungal alternative oxidase, which is presumed to be inhibited by secondary metabolites of plants. Therefore, the ideal characteristics of SHAM should be almost nontoxic to phytopathogens and have no significant effect on control efficacy of fungicides. However, this study showed that the average effective concentration for 50% inhibition (EC50) of mycelial growth values of SHAM were 97.5 and 401.4 μg/ml for Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea, respectively. EC50 values of the three QoI fungicides azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, and trifloxystrobin in the presence of SHAM at 20 and 80 μg/ml for S. sclerotiorum and B. cinerea, respectively, declined by 52.7 to 78.1% compared with those without SHAM. For the dicarboximide fungicide dimethachlone, the average EC50 values in the presence of SHAM declined by 18.2% (P = 0.008) for S. sclerotiorum and 35.9% (P = 0.012) for B. cinerea. Pot experiments showed that SHAM increased control efficacy of the three QoI fungicides against the two pathogens by 43 to 83%. For dimethachlone, SHAM increased control efficacy by 134% for S. sclerotiorum and 86% for B. cinerea. Biochemical studies showed that SHAM significantly inhibited peroxidase activity (P = 0.024) of B. cinerea and esterase activity (P = 0.015) of S. sclerotiorum. The strong inhibitions of SHAM per se on mycelial growth of B. cinerea and S. sclerotiorum and significant influences on the sensitivity of the two pathogens to both the QoI fungicides and dimethachlone as well as inhibitions on peroxidase and esterase indicate that SHAM should not be added in the in vitro assay of sensitivity to the QoI fungicides.

scholarly journals Effects of the Novel Fungicide Benzothiostrobin on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in the Laboratory and on Sclerotinia Stem Rot in Rape Fields

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (7) ◽  
pp. 969-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Congying Xu ◽  
Xiaoyu Liang ◽  
Yiping Hou ◽  
Mingguo Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Sclerotial Germination

We determined the effects and efficacy of benzothiostrobin, a new strobilurin-derived fungicide, against the plant-pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (the causal agent of Sclerotinia stem rot). Mycelial growth and sclerotial germination in vitro were strongly inhibited by benzothiostrobin in the presence of salicylhydroxamic acid. On detached rapeseed leaves, benzothiostrobin at 40 μg/ml reduced lesion development by 87%. No cross-resistance was detected between benzothiostrobin and carbendazim, iprodione, fludioxonil, or boscalid. A formulated mixture of benzothiostrobin and fluazinam at 1:1 had synergistic activity against S. sclerotiorum in vitro. In field trials, benzothiostrobin alone or formulated with fluazinam at 1:1 (150 g a.i. ha−1) was significantly (P < 0.05) superior to iprodione in controlling Sclerotinia stem rot of rapeseed. These results suggest that benzothiostrobin has substantial potential for the control of Sclerotinia stem rot.

scholarly journals Mycobiota of rape seeds in Romania. II. Evaluation of potential antagonistic fungi isolated from rape seeds against the main pathogens of rape crop

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Tatiana-Eugenia Şesan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathology ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Research Development ◽  
Soil Borne Fungi

<em>In vitro </em>relationships between identified seed- and soil-borne fungi from rape samples have been investigated in order to evaluate their antagonistic ability as potential biocontrol agents. The bioproduct obtained from the <em>Trichoderma viride </em>Pers. (strain Td50) has been tested <em>in vivo </em>against the main phytopathogens of rape: <em>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum </em>(Lib.) de Bary, <em>Botrytis cinerea </em>Pers., <em>Alternaria </em>spp. and <em>Fusarium </em>spp. in greenhouse at the Laboratory of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Biology Faculty, University of Bucharest – Romania and in the field at the Agricultural Experimental Research-Development Station Caracal (AERDS), Olt district. The <em>T. viride </em>(strain Td50) bioproduct formulated as a powder for the seed treatment has been effective in the protection of rape plantlets against the above mentioned phytopathogens.

scholarly journals In vitro Biofumigation of Brassica Tissues Against Potato Stem Rot Caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Ojaghian ◽  
Heng Jiang ◽  
Guan-Lin Xie ◽  
Zhou-Qi Cui ◽  
Jingze Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Stem Rot

scholarly journals High Genetic Diversity, Phenotypic Uniformity, and Evidence of Outcrossing in Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum in the Columbia Basin of Washington State

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
pp. 737-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. K. Atallah ◽  
B. Larget ◽  
X. Chen ◽  
D. A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Columbia Basin ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Association Analyses ◽  
Haplotypic Diversity ◽  
Mycelial Compatibility

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the causal agent of potato stem rot, is prevalent and poorly managed on potatoes in the Columbia Basin of Washington. Because of the ubiquitous nature of the fungus and high crop diversity within the Columbia Basin, understanding the population structure and the potential for outcrossing of the pathogen would be helpful in developing disease management strategies. The population structure of S. sclerotiorum in the Columbia Basin from potato was examined using microsatellite markers and mycelial compatibility. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that 92% of the variability among 167 isolates was found within subpopulations, with limited, yet statistically significant impact of the collection date, but not the year or location of collection. Linkage disequilibrium and index of association analyses noted a potential for outcrossing in two locations, which was substantiated by the discovery of recombinant ascospores in three field-generated apothecia from the 12 apothecia examined. Microsatellite haplotypes were not correlated with mycelial compatibility groups. This high haplotypic diversity did not seem to impact pathologically important phenotypes. Greenhouse inoculations of potato plants exhibited no significant differences in aggressiveness on potato stems. Moreover, in vitro studies of response to fungicides and temperature stimuli yielded no significant differences among studied isolates. These findings illustrate the potential for outcrossing in warm temperate regions of North America, where a diversity of crops are planted simultaneously and in neighboring fields. This study also indicates that the unsatisfactory management of potato stem rot is likely not directly attributable to genetic factors, but to gaps in agricultural practices.

scholarly journals Aislamiento de los microorganismos cultivables de la rizosfera de Ornithogalum umbellatum y evaluación del posible efecto biocontrolador en dos patógenos del suelo

Nova ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Solange Benítez ◽  
Johanna Bentley ◽  
Paula Bustamante ◽  
Ligia Consuelo Sánchez ◽  
Lucía Corrales
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Luria Bertani

Los microorganismos presentes en el suelo ejercen una acción específica cuando se relacionan con una especie vegetal. Ornithogalum umbellatum es una planta silvestre usada en el país como ornamental pero reconocida en otras partes del mundo por los componentes químicos del bulbo y la aplicación de estas sustancias en el tratamiento alternativo de diferentes enfermedades. Esta característica permitió plantear la hipótesis de que la microflora existente en la rizosfera podría tener posibles efectos biocontroladores en fitopatógenos del suelo y a realizar una evaluación del efecto antagónico in vitro con Botrytis cinerea y Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.<p>El estudio se realizó tomando 12 muestras de rizosfera y sembrándolas por duplicado en medios sólidos, agar papa dextrosa, agar Rosa de Bengala (con y sin antibiótico), agar yeast mold y agar Luria Bertani. Se aislaron 8 morfotipos de levaduras, 5 morfotipos de bacterias y 9 morfotipos de mohos; la mayoría de ellos demostraron antagonismo in vitro con los fitopatógenos seleccionados. Este estudio permite concluir que en la rizósfera de la planta Ornithogalum umbellatum se encuentran microorganismos que demostraron antagonismo in vitro y que podrían ser utilizados como biocontroladores de Botrytis cinerea y Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Además, se observó que algunos de los morfotipos microbianos aislados presentaban un antagonismo muy discreto pero ocasionaban cambios en la estructura y color de las hifas de los hongos fitopatógenos utilizados; posiblemente la concentración influye sobre los mecanismos de biocontrol.</p>

scholarly journals Efficacy of Fungicides on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Their Potential for Control of Sclerotinia Stem Rot on Soybean

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Mueller ◽  
A. E. Dorrance ◽  
R. C. Derksen ◽  
E. Ozkan ◽  
J. E. Kurle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl ◽  
Application Systems

Sclerotinia stem rot of soybean, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a major disease in the north central region of the United States. One approach to managing Sclerotinia stem rot on soybean is the use of fungicides. S. sclerotiorum was assayed for sensitivity to benomyl, tebuconazole, thiophanate methyl, and vinclozolin in pure cultures on agar medium, inoculated soybean seedlings, detached inoculated leaves, and in experimental field plots. To evaluate the inhibitory effect of four fungicides on growth of S. sclerotiorum in vitro, potato dextrose agar (PDA) was amended with the fungicides at six concentrations. Based on measurements of fungal radial growth, vinclozolin was the most effective in inhibiting S. sclerotiorum mycelial growth at 1.0 μg a.i./ml of PDA. Ranges of reduction of radial growth of 91 isolates of S. sclerotiorum on PDA amended with thiophanate methyl and vinclozolin were 18 to 93% and 93 to 99%, respectively, when compared with the nonamended agar control. Benomyl, thiophanate methyl, and vinclozolin applied to greenhouse-grown seedlings prevented S. sclerotiorum from expressing symptoms or signs on leaf tissue. Detached leaves sprayed with thiophanate methyl and then inoculated with mycelial plugs of S. sclerotiorum did not express symptoms or signs. Of 13 different environments in Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and Wisconsin from 1995 through 2000, six had low Sclerotinia stem rot incidence (<1%), three environments had low to moderate Sclerotinia stem rot incidence (5 to 25%), and four environments had high Sclerotinia stem rot incidence (>25%). When disease incidence was high, no consistent control of Sclerotinia stem rot was observed with benomyl or thiophanate methyl using different application systems. However, under low disease incidence, spray systems that were able to penetrate the canopy reduced the incidence of Sclerotinia stem rot an average of 50%.

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