scholarly journals Observations on the mycorrhizal status of Polygonum viviparum in the Polish Tatra Mts. (Western Carpathians)

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Ronikier ◽  
Piotr Mleczko
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Plant Community Composition ◽  
Altitude Range ◽  
Cenococcum Geophilum ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Diversity ◽  
Alpine Zone ◽  
Tatra Mts ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Hyphal Coils

<em>Polygonum viviparum</em> is one of very few herbaceous plants known to form ectomycorrhiza; in the Tatra Mts. it is one of dominants in the alpine zone, but also descends down to the feet of the massif. Specimens of this plant were collected from 5 sites at the altitude range 900– 2150 m, from granite and limestone. It allowed an estimation of the ectomycorrhizal diversity as well as preliminary ecological observations. Roots were also stained in order to check potential presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization. Ectomycorrhizae were present in all specimens (with 2–5 morphotypes observed on single plants). In total, 17 morphotypes were observed and briefly described. The most widespread were the mycorrhiza of <em>Cenococcum geophilum<em> and a brightly coloured morphotype resembling the ectomycorrhizae of <em>Russula</em> sp. No important differences in ectomycorrhizal colonization between low and high localities were found. Observed general differences in abundance and diversity of mycorrhiza in <em>P. viviparum</em> between sites could most probably be connected with plant community composition (presence/absence of ectomycorrhizal shrubs maintaining ectomycorrhizal fungi), although mycorrhizae were present also in sites devoid of other ectomycorrhizal plants. Structures associated to arbuscular colonization (vesicles, hyphal coils) were occassionally observed, but without formation of arbuscules.

scholarly journals Towards Growth of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Independent of a Plant Host

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1919-1924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Hildebrandt ◽  
Katharina Janetta ◽  
Hermann Bothe
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Significant Step ◽  
Hyphal Coils ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Root Tissues

ABSTRACT When surface-sterilized spores of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Glomus intraradices Sy167 were germinated on agar plates in the slightly modified minimum mineral medium described by G. Bécard and J. A. Fortin (New Phytol. 108:211-218, 1988), slime-forming bacteria, identified as Paenibacillus validus, frequently grew up. These bacteria were able to support growth of the fungus on the agar plates. In the presence of P. validus, hyphae branched profusely and formed coiled structures. These were much more densely packed than the so-called arbuscule-like structures which are formed by AMF grown in coculture with carrot roots transformed with T-DNA from Agrobacterium rhizogenes. The presence of P. validus alone also enabled G. intraradices to form new spores, mainly at the densely packed hyphal coils. The new spores were not as abundant as and were smaller than those formed by AMF in the monoxenic culture with carrot root tissues, but they also contained lipid droplets and a large number of nuclei. In these experiments P. validus could not be replaced by bacteria such as Escherichia coli K-12 or Azospirillum brasilense Sp7. Although no conditions under which the daughter spores regerminate and colonize plants have been found yet, and no factor(s) from P. validus which stimulates fungal growth has been identified, the present findings might be a significant step forward toward growth of AMF independent of any plant host.

Multiscale patterns of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal abundance and diversity in semiarid shrublands

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 32-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Bala Chaudhary ◽  
Thomas E. O'Dell ◽  
Matthias C. Rillig ◽  
Nancy C. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Abundance ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal ◽  
Semiarid Shrublands

scholarly journals The abundance and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are linked to the soil chemistry of screes and to slope in the Alpic paleo-endemic Berardia subacaulis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. e0171866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Casazza ◽  
Erica Lumini ◽  
Enrico Ercole ◽  
Francesco Dovana ◽  
Maria Guerrina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

scholarly journals Fungal associations in gametophytes and young sporophytic roots of the fern Nephrolepis exaltata

2012 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thangavelu Muthukumar ◽  
Kandasamy Prabha
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Am Morphology ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Fungal Associations ◽  
Hyphal Coils ◽  
Young Sporophytes

Fungal associations in gametophytes and young sporophytic roots of the fernNephrolepis exaltataInformation is limited on the presence of endophytic fungal associations in green gametophytes and young sporophytes of extant ferns. Nothing is known about their presence in Polypodiales, the largest order among extant ferns. We screened chlorophyllous gametophytes and young sporophytes ofNephrolepis exaltata(L.) Schott., (Lomariopsidaceae, Polypodiales) growing naturally on soil, brick and coir for the presence of fungal endophytes. Gametophytes and young sporophytes growing on different substrates were invariably colonized by septate endophytic fungi. Hyaline or brown, regularly septate, inter- or intracellular hyphae with moniliform cells or microsclerotia characterized septate endophytic fungi. However, only the roots of young sporophytes growing on soil and bricks harboured arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. The AM morphology conformed to the intermediate type with intracellular hyphal coils, arbusculate coils and intercellular hyphae. No AM fungal spores could be retrieved from the soil on which gametophytes and young sporophytes were growing. The observations in this study support the idea that the septate fungal endophytes could confer an ecological advantage on colonized individuals, especially on nutrient deficient substrates.

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