scholarly journals Growth responses of maritime sand dune plant species to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Tadych ◽  
Janusz Błaszkowski
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Ammophila Arenaria ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Corynephorus Canescens

In a pot experiment conducted in a greenhouse, the response of 6 plant species dominating in the succession of vegetation of a deflation hollow of the Łeba Bar to inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was investigated. The inoculum was a mixture of soil, roots and spores of 5 species of AMF with the dominant species <i>Glomus aggregatum</i>. Except for <i>Corynephorus canescens</i> and <i>Festuca rubra</i> subsp. <i>arenaria</i>, both the growth and the dry matter of above-ground parts of plants of <i>Agrostis stolonifera, Ammophila arenaria, Corynephorus canescens, Juncus articulatus</i> and <i>J. balticus</i> inoculated with AMF were higher than those growing in soils lacking infection propagules of these fungi. Inoculation with AMF decreased the dry matter of root: shoot ratios in 5 plant species. This property was not determined in <i>Festuca rubra</i> subsp. <i>arenaria</i> due to the death of all control plants. The level of mycorrhizal infection was low and did not correlate with the growth responses found. The high growth reaction of <i>Juncus</i> spp. to AMF found in this study suggests that the opinion of non-mycotrophy or low dependence of plants of <i>Juncaceae</i> on AMF was based on results of investigations of plants growing in wet sites known to inhibit the formation of mycorrhizae.

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomales, Zygomycota) of the Bledowska Desert, Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Błaszkowski ◽  
Mariusz Tadych ◽  
Tadeusz Madej
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Sand Dune ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Dry Soil

The occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; <em>Glomales</em>, <em>Zygomycetes</em>) associated with plants growing in sand dune soils of the Blędowska Desert, Poland, was investigated in 1995-1997. A total of 134 mixtures of soils and roots were sampled. The mixtures represented 26 plant species in 14 families and one unrecognized plant. Spores of AMF were found in 118 soil-root mixtures. The AMF spore populations comprised 20 described species of the genera <em>Acaulospora</em>, <em>Gigaspora</em>, <em>Glomus</em> and <em>Scutellospora</em>, as well as two undescribed morphospecies of the genus <em>Glomus</em>. The AMF most frequently occurring in the field-collected soils were members of the genus <em>Scutellospora</em> The AMF spore populations comprised 20 described species in the genera <em>Acaulospora</em>, <em>Gigaspora</em>, <em>Glomus</em> and <em>Scutellospora</em>, as well as two undescribed morpho-species of the genus <em>Glomus</em>. The fungal species most frequently and numerously found was <em>Scutellospora armeniaca</em>. The fungi relatively frequently present also were <em>A. rugosa</em>, <em>A. lacunosa</em>, <em>G. aggregatum</em>, an undescribed <em>Glomus</em> 142 and <em>Sc. dipurpurescens</em>. The overall spore abundance of AMF averaged 69.1 and ranged from 0 to 837 in 100 g dry soil. The highest abundance of spores occurred among roots of the families <em>Cupressaceae</em>, followed by the <em>Rosaceae</em>, <em>Asteraceae</em> and <em>Poaceae</em>. Of the plant species investigated two and more times, most spores harboured <em>Juniperus communis</em>. The overall average species richness was 2.4 and ranged from 0 to 6 in 100 g dry soil. Of the plant species sampled at lest two times, the highest average species diversity was found in the root zone of <em>Salix arenaria</em>. The plant species that hosted the highest overall number of species of AMF was <em>Festuca rubra</em>. Trap pot cultures with soilroot mixtures collected in 1997 revealed 10 species of AMF that were not found in field soils sampled in the same year. This suggests that a great part of AMF of Błędowska Desert is represented by rarely or non-sporulating species.

scholarly journals The methylome of the model arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Rhizophagus irregularis, shares characteristics with early diverging fungi and Dikarya

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anurag Chaturvedi ◽  
Joaquim Cruz Corella ◽  
Chanz Robbins ◽  
Anita Loha ◽  
Laure Menin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Rhizophagus Irregularis ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
Phosphate Regulation ◽  
Very High

AbstractEarly-diverging fungi (EDF) are distinct from Dikarya and other eukaryotes, exhibiting high N6-methyldeoxyadenine (6mA) contents, rather than 5-methylcytosine (5mC). As plants transitioned to land the EDF sub-phylum, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; Glomeromycotina) evolved a symbiotic lifestyle with 80% of plant species worldwide. Here we show that these fungi exhibit 5mC and 6mA methylation characteristics that jointly set them apart from other fungi. The model AMF, R. irregularis, evolved very high levels of 5mC and greatly reduced levels of 6mA. However, unlike the Dikarya, 6mA in AMF occurs at symmetrical ApT motifs in genes and is associated with their transcription. 6mA is heterogeneously distributed among nuclei in these coenocytic fungi suggesting functional differences among nuclei. While far fewer genes are regulated by 6mA in the AMF genome than in EDF, most strikingly, 6mA methylation has been specifically retained in genes implicated in components of phosphate regulation; the quintessential hallmark defining this globally important symbiosis.

scholarly journals A Meta-Analytical Approach on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculation Efficiency on Plant Growth and Nutrient Uptake

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
Murugesan Chandrasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligate symbionts of higher plants which increase the growth and nutrient uptake of host plants. The primary objective was initiated based on analyzing the enormity of optimal effects upon AMF inoculation in a comparative bias between mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants stipulated on plant biomass and nutrient uptake. Consequently, in accomplishing the above-mentioned objective a vast literature was collected, analyzed, and evaluated to establish a weighted meta-analysis irrespective of AMF species, plant species, family and functional group, and experimental conditions in the context of beneficial effects of AMF. I found a significant increase in the shoot, root, and total biomass by 36.3%, 28.5%, and, 29.7%, respectively. Moreover, mycorrhizal plants significantly increased phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium uptake by 36.3%, 22.1%, and 18.5%, respectively. Affirmatively upon cross-verification studies, plant growth parameters intensification was accredited to AMF (Rhizophagus fasciculatus followed by Funniliforme mosseae), plants (Triticum aestivum followed by Solanum lycopersicum), and plant functional groups (dicot, herbs, and perennial) were the additional vital important significant predictor variables of plant growth responses. Therefore, the meta-analysis concluded that the emancipated prominent root characteristics, increased morphological traits that eventually help the host plants for efficient phosphorus uptake, thereby enhancing plant biomass. The present analysis can be rationalized for any plant stress and assessment of any microbial agent that contributes to plant growth promotion.

Interspecific differences in the tolerance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to freezing and drying

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1161-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
John N Klironomos ◽  
Miranda M Hart ◽  
Jane E Gurney ◽  
Peter Moutoglis
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
The Difference ◽  
One Year ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in northern temperate ecosystems must function during extremes in environmental conditions. However, it is not known if arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi that co-exist in soil communities have similar tolerances to stresses such as drought and freezing. The phenology of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was determined over one year in a community in southern Ontario, Canada. Five fungal species from the same community were then used to inoculate five plant species, in all possible combinations, and were subjected to either a freezing treatment or a drought treatment after which new seedlings were transplanted into the treated pots. The percent colonization of roots of each plant species was measured as the difference in mean colonization from the control. Freezing reduced percent colonization in almost every case, whereas drought resulted in both increased and decreased percent colonization. Fungal species responded differently to the treatments, and there was a pronounced plant × fungus effect. These results support the hypothesis that distinct functional groups of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi exist, and these may determine plant community structure.Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, freezing, drying, functional diversity.

Do arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi play a role in the ability of rare plant species to colonize abandoned fields?

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 118-126
Author(s):  
Clémentine Lepinay ◽  
Tomáš Dostálek ◽  
Hana Pánková ◽  
Martina Svobodová ◽  
Jana Rydlová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Rare Plant ◽  
Rare Plant Species ◽  
Abandoned Fields
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