scholarly journals Effect of pine sawdust on the structure of fungi communities in the soils of post agricultural land

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Sierota ◽  
Hanna Kwaśna
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Paecilomyces Lilacinus ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Numerous Species ◽  
Pine Sawdust ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Penicillium Janczewskii

This paper presents the results of mycological studies of soils left barren for 15,6 and 3 years before and after addition of pine sawdust. Considerable differences in thc species composition of fungi communities were found related both to the type of soil (period of lying barren) and treatment. Before the treatment the soil was dominated by such species as <i>Paecilomyces lilacinus, P. marquandi, Apiospora montagnei, Pseudogumnnnoscus roseus, Penicillium janczewskii, P. jensenii</i>, while after a year following addition of sawdust by <i>Trichoderma harzinum, T. pubescens, T. virens</i> and numerous species of <i>Penicillium</i>. The presence of <i>Trichoderma</i> species, comprising over 60% of the communities after the treatment indicated the possibility of creating conditions for efficient protective action against root infection of trees by <i>Heterobasidion unnosum</i> (a cause of dangerous destruction in forests growing on post agricultural land in Poland).

Structure and Dynamics of Crucians’ Settlements (Cypriniformes, Carassius) in Water Systems of Eastern Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-284
Author(s):  
S. V. Mezhzherin ◽  
A. V. Kulish ◽  
S. V. Kokodiy
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Crucian Carp ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Numerous Species ◽  
Extinct Species ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Competitive Relations

Abstract The analysis of present-day crucians’ settlements in water systems of Eastern Ukraine designated the predominance of the digeneous Goldfish, C. auratus, in the region, the number of which made 78.7 %, from the total number of the examined representatives of the genus. The second group consists of gynogenetic Prussian carps, C. gibelio (14.3 %); it is represented by the clone biotype and recombinant individuals. Crucian carp, C. carassius (3.6 %), turned out to be rare and its number did not exceed the number of the caught hybrids C. auratus × C. carassius (3.4 %). The retrospective analysis of literature data and museum collections gave an opportunity to describe the changes in species composition of the genus which took place during the last 150 years. Within this period the crucian carp, which used to be the single and most common representative of genus Carassius (Jarocki, 1822) in the region, became nearly an extinct species. In the meanwhile the representatives of the group of species of Prussian carps, C. auratus + C. gibelio, which appeared in the region in the late 1960s, rapidly increased their number and became the most numerous fish of the Eastern Ukraine. The discovered tendency is not unique for the researched region; in general it reflects the European tendency for the crucian species. The reasons for that are rivers’ regulation and destruction of bottomland ecosystems. The secondary factors for the elimination of C. carassius are the competitive relations of individuals representing both species and easy hybridization, during which the more numerous species C. auratus absorbs the rare C. carassius.

scholarly journals Impacts of Agricultural Land Acquisition for Urbanization on Agricultural Activities of Affected Households: A Case Study in Huong Thuy Town, Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8559
Author(s):  
Nhung Pham Thi ◽  
Martin Kappas ◽  
Heiko Faust
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Mixed Data ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Farmland Abandonment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Government

Agricultural land acquisition for urbanization (ALAFU) has strongly impacted agriculture in Vietnam during the last decades. Given the mixed data obtained from a survey with 50 households who lost 50% of their farmland area (in-depth interviews, a group-focused discussion and observation) this study shows the different impacts of ALAFU on each agricultural activity of affected household by comparing before and after ALAFU. Rice cultivation and animal breeding have sharply declined, but potted flower plantation (PFP) has quickly grown and is the main income of 34% of surveyed households. Rice cultivation has declined not only as a result of agricultural land acquisition, which has resulted in the loss of rice land, but also as a result of urbanization, which has resulted in rice land abandonment. Conversely, PFP is growing due to advantages associated with urbanization, such as a good consumer market and upgraded infrastructure. However, whether they are declining or increasing, all agricultural activities have to face challenges related to the shortcomings in agricultural land allocation and agricultural development plans. This study suggests that if ALAFU projects are continued, the government should evaluate agricultural development and forecast farmland abandonment after ALAFU. Simultaneously, they should put more effort into maintaining agriculture in the form of peri-urban or urban agriculture, which is significant for sustainable development in affected communities.

scholarly journals Vegetation changes in boreo–nemoral forest stands depending on soil factors and past land use during an 80 year period of no human impact

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilze Kokarēviča ◽  
Guntis Brūmelis ◽  
Raimonds Kasparinskis ◽  
Arta Rolava ◽  
Oļģerts Nikodemus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Temperate Deciduous Forest ◽  
Soil Factors ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Forest Zone

Information on the long-term changes in plant communities that occur without human interference is limited, due to insufficient studies where vegetation can be resurveyed. In 1912, a strict nature protection reserve, with non-intervention management, was established on Moricsala Island in Latvia, located in the boreo–nemoral forest zone. Prior to establishment of the nature reserve, part of the island area was used for agriculture. The island is now covered almost entirely by forest dominated by Quercus robur L. and Tilia cordata Mill. on sandy soils. Resurvey was conducted in 2011 in 17 plots in which tree layers and the understory vegetation had been described in 1930. The plots were classified into two groups based on tree species composition in 1930 to determine changes in species composition. Differences in understory and tree canopy composition between these groups persisted over the period between the studies, in relation to soil factors and past stand history. Considerable turnover of species occurred, with a decrease of species typical of open habitats and replacement by species typical of nemoral (temperate deciduous) forest plant communities. In the past, Q. robur had likely established in open habitats created by agricultural land use or past fire but is presently not regenerating in the understory.

The effect of thermal effluent, before and after macrophyte harvesting, on standing crop and species composition of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in Lake Wabamun, Alberta

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 3196-3205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph B. Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Benthic Macroinvertebrates ◽  
Standing Crop ◽  
Tubifex Tubifex ◽  
Benthic Macroinvertebrate ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Communities ◽  
Plant Detritus ◽  
Chironomid Species ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Heated Area

The heated area of Lake Wabamun prior to macrophyte harvesting had higher submerged macrophyte production, greater amounts of plant detritus in the sediment, and a higher standing crop of benthic macroinvertebrates than the unheated area. Species composition of the benthic macroinvertebrate community was also much different in the heated area with the warmest areas supporting a community dominated by tubificid oligochaetes (Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and Tubifex tubifex), and the moderately heated areas supporting a community dominated by large Chironomus species (Chironomus plumosus and Chironomus atroviridis). Benthos of the unheated parts of the lake consisted mainly of smaller chironomid species such as Chironomus maturus, C. (cf.) staegeri, Polypedilum nubeculosum, Cladotanytarsus spp., and Tanytarsus spp. The heated area was subjected to mechanical macrophyte harvesting which removed the majority of the submerged macrophytes. This reduced the amount of plant detritus within the sediment and also the standing crop of benthic macroinvertebrates in the heated area. Species composition of the oligochaete-dominated community was not affected by harvesting. Species composition of the Chironomus-dominated area was greatly affected by harvesting and became more similar to that of the unheated area; densities of the large Chironomus species were reduced to low levels, while the densities of smaller chironomid species increased.

Plant deposition in modern volcanic environments

1993 ◽  
Vol 84 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 275-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn J. Burnham
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Absolute Magnitude ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Rare Elements ◽  
Before And After

ABSTRACTVolcanic eruptions and their deposits provide paleobiologists with an array of depositional environments in which to investigate the conditions in which exceptionally preserved flora and fauna are preserved. Studies of vegetation patterns before and after eruptions have shown that tropical vegetation makes a very rapid recovery at the vegetational level (proportion of devastated land covered). The recolonisation of the rare elements of a diversified flora, however, is slow, and so is the rebound of floristic richness, assembled over centuries from surrounding patches of vegetation and from in situ speciation.Two major volcanic events that occurred in the past 15 years were studied in an attempt to understand the processes and complex patterns of plant deposition in volcanic landscapes. Both volcanoes gave rise to terrestrial, andesitic, explosive eruptions that gave little warning of their absolute magnitude or duration. In both eruptions, sediment-dammed lakes were formed in which a large quantity of plant material was trapped. In both instances, forests were killed and both standing and fallen trunks record the composition of the pre-eruption flora. The vegetation present in the vicinity of the volcanoes was, in the case of Mount St Helens (Washington, U.S.A.), dense coniferous forest living in a cool temperate climate and, in the case of El Chichón (Chiapas, Mexico), remnants of paratropical rainforest alternating with patches of agricultural land.Litter layers are present under the tephra at both volcanic sites, yet the pattern of deposition and quality of the plant material differs dramatically between the two, in part because of differences in the types of eruptions and in part because of the nature of the plants available for burial. One of the most significant styles of burial, unexpected in the air-fall ash deposits, is the presence of more than one eruptive layer generated by eruptions only hours apart. These separate eruption layers have different lithological characteristics and the plant deposits buried in the different layers are different in taxonomic composition. Significantly, leaves in the upland volcanic-ash deposits are preserved thus far for 10 years, even in the tropical settings where root growth might be expected to have obliterated all signs of depositional stratigraphy. These impressions and compressions have a high likelihood of entering the fossil record and provide an excellent example of upland deposition and preservation.

scholarly journals Mites (Acari, Mesostigmata) from rock cracks and crevices in rock labirynths in the Stołowe Mountains National Park (SW Poland)

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
JACEK KAMCZYC ◽  
MACIEJ SKORUPSKI
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
National Park ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Numerous Species ◽  
Soil Mites ◽  
Sw Poland

Abstract The aim of this study was to recognize the species composition of soil mites of the order Mesostigmata in the soil/litter collected from rock cracks and crevices in Szczeliniec Wielki and Błędne Skały rock labirynths in the area of the Stołowe Mountains National Park (part of the Sudetes in SW Poland). Overall, 27 species were identified from 41 samples collected between September 2001 and August 2002. The most numerous species in this study were Veigaia nemorensis, Leptogamasus cristulifer, and Gamasellus montanus. Our study has also confirmed the occurrence or rare mite species, such as Veigaia mollis and Paragamasus insertus. Additionally, 5 mite species were recorded as new to the fauna of this Park: Vulgarogamasus remberti, Macrocheles tardus, Pachylaelaps vexillifer, Iphidosoma physogastris, and Dendrolaelaps (Punctodendrolaelaps) eichhorni.

scholarly journals SEDIMENT TRAPPING BY TERRACED PADDY FIELD ON SLOPPING AGRICULTURAL LAND

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukristiyonubowo Sukristiyonubowo ◽  
D. Gabriels ◽  
M. Verlooc
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Field ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Movement Behavior ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Sediment Trapping ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Terraced Paddy Field ◽  
Wet And Dry Seasons

Terraced paddy field is not only important for rural food security, but also for trapping sediment in the slopping land. The aims of this research were to quantify the amount of incoming and outgoing sediments and to study sediment movement behavior during harrowing and fertilizing under traditional irrigation of terraced paddy field system. This study was carried out at Keji Village, Semarang District, Central Java during two cropping seasons, a wet season 2003/04 and a dry season 2004. A paddy field with eight terraces was selected. The terraces were flat, different in size and descending to the river. Sediment samples were taken at harrowing and fertilizing activities. The results indicated that at harrowing, outgoing sediment was higher than incoming both during the wet and the dry seasons. About 0.53 and 0.27 t ha-1 day-1 of soil were eroded during harrowing in the wet and the dry seasons, respectively. However, a week before and after fertilizing, both in the wet and the dry seasons, the amounts of incoming sediment were higher than the outgoing one. In the wet season, the amounts of incoming sediments were three to four times higher than the outgoing one, both a week before and after fertilizing. During the wet season, about 0.31 and 0.34 t ha-1 day-1 of sediment was yielded a week before and after fertilizing, respectively. During the dry season, the incoming sediments were ten times higher than the outgoing one. On an average the sediment yields were about 0.07 and 0.08 t ha-1 day-1 a week before and after fertilizing, respectively. Terraces having greater areas deposited more sediment than those with smaller sizes. During a week before and after first fertilizing, the total amounts of incoming sediments were 6.44 and 1.19 t ha-1 for the wet and dry seasons, while that of outgoing sediments were 1.89 and 0.14 t ha-1 for the wet and dry seasons, respectively. This indicates that terraced paddy fields are not only producing rice, but also providing environmental service in term of sediment trapping. This external service minimizes sedimentation in the downstream.<p> </p>

scholarly journals Conserving relics from ancient underground worlds: assessing the influence of cave and landscape features on obligate iron cave dwellers from the Eastern Amazon

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Jaffé ◽  
Xavier Prous ◽  
Allan Calux ◽  
Markus Gastauer ◽  
Gilberto Nicacio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Habitat Amount ◽  
Landscape Features ◽  
Surrounding Landscape ◽  
Main Factor

The degradation of subterranean habitats is believed to represent a serious threat for the conservation of obligate subterranean dwellers (troglobites), many of which are short-range endemics. However, while the factors influencing cave biodiversity remain largely unknown, the influence of the surrounding landscape and patterns of subterranean connectivity of terrestrial troglobitic communities have never been systematically assessed. Using spatial statistics to analyze the most comprehensive speleological database yet available for tropical caves, we first assess the influence of iron cave characteristics and the surrounding landscape on troglobitic communities from the Eastern Amazon. We then determine the spatial pattern of troglobitic community composition, species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and the occurrence of frequent troglobitic species, and finally quantify how different landscape features influence the connectivity between caves. Our results reveal the key importance of habitat amount, guano, water, lithology, geomorphology, and elevation in shaping iron cave troglobitic communities. While mining within 250 m from the caves influenced species composition, increasing agricultural land cover within 50 m from the caves reduced species richness and phylogenetic diversity. Troglobitic species composition, species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and the occurrence of frequent troglobites showed spatial autocorrelation for up to 40 km. Finally, our results suggest that the conservation of cave clusters should be prioritized, as geographic distance was the main factor determining connectivity between troglobitic communities. Overall, our work sheds important light onto one of the most overlooked terrestrial ecosystems, and highlights the need to shift conservation efforts from individual caves to subterranean habitats as a whole.

scholarly journals Influence of land use change on the waterbird community of Sihwa Lake, Republic of Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunjae Lee ◽  
Junghee Sagong ◽  
Yohan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Barren Land ◽  
Waterbird Species ◽  
Increasing Trends

Abstract Background Land use and development alter mudflat and wetland habitat availability, although mudflats and wetlands provide important stopover habitats for shorebirds during the spring and autumn migrations and support communities of ducks and geese during the winter months in the Republic of Korea. This study investigated land use changes around Sihwa Lake (Republic of Korea) and evaluated the effect of these changes on waterbird community characteristics. Methods We conducted a land-use-change analysis at the medium-resolution level using land cover maps for 2001, 2007, 2009, and 2014. Also, a tidal stream survey was conducted in Sihwa Lake and the surrounding reclaimed mudflats every season for 10 years (2003–2012) to identify the seasonal and interannual variations in waterbird species composition. To determine the total annual waterbird species and population counts, species diversity index, and interspecies variations, a TRIM (trends and indices for monitoring data) analysis was used. Results Wetland area decreased more than 10% while agricultural land, barren land, and grassland area increased more than 10% due to continuous reclamation activities around Sihwa Lake. Barren land later turned into agricultural land or other land use. Sixty-three species and 566,623 individuals were recorded. The number of species, population size, and species diversity index by year and by species showed decreasing trends that were more marked in spring and summer. Furthermore, seasonal and annual variations in waterbird species composition showed decreasing trends in dabbling ducks, herons, grebes, and shorebirds but diving ducks displayed increasing trends. In particular, shorebirds were reduced to a greater extent than other waterbird species because of the reduction and simplification of the intertidal zone, and shallow waters caused by reclamation and road construction. Conclusions Increased development and construction around Sihwa Lake has altered migratory shorebird populations with a general decline in species diversity and population size. The greatest decline was observed in wading birds, while diving duck populations showed increasing trends.

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