scholarly journals A review of the methods used for studies on parasitic fungi in natural plant communities

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-346
Author(s):  
Wiesław Mułenko
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Natural Plant ◽  
Parasitic Fungi ◽  
Total Information ◽  
Host Application

The purpose of this paper is to reconsider the methods used so Tar and to propose standardization of studies on the microparasitic fungi in natural plant communities. The method should meet the following requirements: demonstration of the relationships between the pathogen and host, application in different environmental conditions. enabling repetition of studies at different limes. giving comparable results. The object of the discussion is to search for such study procedures which give a total information about the occurrence of phytopathological fungi and their hosts in natural plant communities. This concerns, among other things. the following problems: estimation of the frequency of fungi. their distribution, the infection degree of their hosts as well as analysis of the occurrence of fungi in relation to plant distribution. The degree of plant density is an important factor determining the appearance of the disease and its evaluation should be an inseparable element in analysis of parasitism. The mycological-ecological studies, using permanent study areas seems to be indispensable. Research plots need not be literally permanent. Here, a system of permanent. precisely localized points can be used which allow each time reconstruction of areas determined carlier. The most essential element of such studies is to provide for oneself (and future researchers) repeatability of studies. i.e. return lo the same places and taking samples from the same areas.

scholarly journals Parasitic fungi of river Bug valley

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Danilkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Natural Plant ◽  
Parasitic Fungi

In the areal of river Bug valley the total 411 parasitic fungi was noted on about 354 host plants. In the investigation of the share of parasitic fungi in natural plant communities of class <i>Alnetea glutinosae</i> and <i>Querco-Fagetea</i>.

Study on Construction of Close-to-Nature Man-Made Plant Landscape Based on Natural Plant Communities: the Case of West Lake Scenic Area in Hangzhou

2012 ◽  
Vol 468-471 ◽  
pp. 2764-2770
Author(s):  
Shan Lu ◽  
Bo Chen ◽  
Shao Qing Hu ◽  
Jing Jing Zhang ◽  
Jun Hao Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Vegetation Composition ◽  
Natural Community ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Natural Plant ◽  
West Lake ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Landscape Plant

Urban close-to-nature plant community is a sustainable design and construction philosophy of landscape greenbelt planning. However, there is no explicit guide for constructing close-to-nature plant community Based on the analysis of community structure and characteristics of 10 typical natural plant communities in the West Lake Scenic Area in Hangzhou and summary of the features of natural community, as well as the analysis of plant landscape of Hangzhou Huagangguanyu Park to prove that the close-to-nature man-made plant community and natural plant community are interrelated in respect of vegetation composition and community structure, this paper puts forward to the essential construction methods of the close-to-nature landscape community, providing theoretical basis for research and construction of urban close-to-nature landscape plant community in China.

scholarly journals Phytosociological surveys: tools for weed science?

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Concenço ◽  
M. Tomazi ◽  
I.V.T. Correia ◽  
S.A. Santos ◽  
L. Galon
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Distinct Group ◽  
Weed Science ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Ecological Evaluation ◽  
Natural Plant ◽  
Ecological Basis

In simple terms, a phytosociological survey is a group of ecological evaluation methods whose aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of both the composition and distribution of plant species in a given plant community. To understand the applicability of phytosociological surveys for weed science, as well as their validity, their ecological basis should be understood and the most suitable ones need to be chosen, because cultivated fields present a relatively distinct group of selecting factors when compared to natural plant communities. For weed science, the following sequence of steps is proposed as the most suitable: (1) overall infestation; (2) phytosociological tables/graphs; (3) intra-characterization by diversity; (4) inter-characterization and grouping by cluster analysis. A summary of methods is established in order to assist Weed Science researchers through their steps into the realm of phytosociology.

scholarly journals Functional Ecology of Iceplant Taxa and Their Role in Eco-restoration of New Zealand Sand Dunes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Guyo Duba Gufu
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrid ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Natural Plant ◽  
Carpobrotus Edulis

<p>Biological invasion by non-native plant species has often been cited as a cause of native biodiversity loss. While the outcome of species invasions depends on interactions between exotic and resident native species, most studies of biological invasions have focused solely on the direct negative impacts of non-indigenous species on native biota. Although investigations of the role of competition in shaping natural plant communities were dominant in the previous generations and are still popular, more recent experimental research has uncovered the striking influence of facilitation on community dynamics. This thesis aims to investigate competitive and facilitative influence of the invasive South African iceplant (Carpobrotus edulis) on Spinifex sericeus, a native foredune grass species, with particular reference to implications of these interactions for dune restoration in New Zealand. It further explores the growth rates, substrate preferences and mating systems of the exotic and native iceplant taxa found in New Zealand. I begin by briefly outlining the influence of competition and facilitation on natural plant communities with reference to the role of facilitation in eco-restoration. I also give a few examples where exotic species have been found to facilitate native ones. Secondly, a neighbour removal experiment was conducted on coastal sand dunes with the main aim of studying the effects of Carpobrotus edulis on establishment of Spinifex sericeus at the foredune region. Finally, I compared the growth rates of the most widely distributed iceplant taxa in New Zealand in different substrates and the breeding systems of the exotic Carpobrotus.  Examples abound in literature of exotic plant species facilitating native ones especially in forestry. In the neighbour removal study, Carpobrotus edulis protected Spinifex seedlings against storm erosion, sandblasting and salt sprays while at the same time suppressing its leaf production. Suppression of Spinifex leaf production was more pronounced at top of the dune where stress elements is presumably more benign. There was no evidence of allelopathic suppression of Spinifex by C. edulis. Only Carpobrotus chilensis displayed some level of substrate preference by putting on relatively lower biomass in gravel. The exotic Carpobrotus spp. put on greater dry matter content than the native Disphyma australe and the Carpobrotus-x-Disphyma hybrid. The hybrid displayed a faster vegetative growth rate whereas D. australe allocated relatively more biomass to the roots than the shoot. Both Carpobrotus spp. are self compatible and highly capable of intrageneric and intergeneric hybridisation. Mass removal of the existing exotic iceplant stands from foredunes along high energy coasts is not advisable as they serve as useful stabilisers. The intergeneric hybrid is sexually sterile with sparsely spread stolons that could allow co-occurrence with other species and therefore is more suitable for foredune stabilisation. However, more research needs to be conducted on the ecology of the intergeneric hybrid.</p>

How Will Transgenic Sugar Beets Behave in Natural Plant Communities

1996 ◽  
pp. 319-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bartsch ◽  
A. Emonds ◽  
H. Gluth ◽  
C. Haag ◽  
C. Morak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Natural Plant
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