scholarly journals Dry season and diurnal surveys of phylloplane fungi of Hevea brasiliensis in Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
J. A. Okhuoya ◽  
C. O. Ahweyevu
Keyword(s):  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Fungal Population ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Phylloplane Fungi ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Serial Dilution Method

Monthly and diurnal variation of phylloplane fungi of rubber (<i>Hevea brasiliensis</i>) leaves were studied over a period of four months in the dry season, using two culturing methods. Composite fungal population was the highest in April and the lowest in February. Serial dilution method recorded the higher number of fungal spores than ballistospore method. Mature leaves were found to have more fungal spores than premature and young leaves. Spore concentration on the leaves showed diurnal periodicity, with peak period of spores between 12-18 hr. Rubber leaves outside the plantation, had more spores on their surfaces than those shaded by the plantation canopy. The factors responsible for these observations were discussed.

scholarly journals Fungal Population of Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) Kernels Affected by Water Activity During Storage

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Kiki Nurtjahja ◽  
Okky Setyawati Dharmaputra ◽  
Winiati Pudji Rahayu ◽  
Rizal Syarief
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Penicillium Citrinum ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Fungal Population ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Duration Of Storage ◽  
Serial Dilution Method

The aim of this investigation was to determine the effect of various water activities (aw) on fungal population in nutmeg kernels during storage. The seed nutmegs were obtained from ripe fruits one week after they fell on the ground in North Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The kernels (moisture content ± 10%) were stored 0, 15, and 30 days in various aw (0.75, 0.80, 0.83, 0.90, 0.97) using saturated salt solutions at 29 °C in sorption containers. Serial dilution method followed by a pour-plate method in Dichloran 18% Glycerol Agar (DG18) was used to isolate and quantify the fungal population. Results revealed that kernels stored at aw = 0.75 was not significantly (p < 0.05) different from at aw = 0.80-0.83. Fungal population of kernels determined  aw and significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by duration of storage. Range of aw 0.80-0.83 has a smaller total fungal population than aw ≥ 0.90. Thirteen different genera/species were isolated and identified including Aspergillus and Eurotium (6 species), Penicillium (3 species), Fusarium (2 species), 1 species each of Cladosporium or Syncephalastrum, and isolate A. The largest total fungal population (5.0×105 CFU g-1) was present at the beginning of storage (aw = 0.97) and it was dominated by Penicillium citrinum (2.6×105 CFU g-1) followed by Cladosporium cladosporioides (1.7×105 CFU g-1). After 30 days of storage (aw = 0.97) the population of P. citrinum was still dominant with a population of 2.4×104 CFU g-1. Eurotium chevalieri followed with a population of 1.2×104 CFU g-1.

Karakter Morfologi Daun Ubi Jalar Sebagai Bahan Pangan Suku Dani Distrik Kurulu Jayawijaya

Agrotek ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonius Suparno ◽  
Opalina Logo ◽  
Dwiana Wasgito Purnomo
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
General Outline ◽  
Leaf Vein ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Tuber Roots

Sweet potato serves as a staple food for people in Jayawijaya. Many cultivars of sweet potatoes have been cultivated by Dani tribe in Kurulu as foot for their infant, child and adult as well as feeding especially for pigs. Base on the used of sweet potatoes as food source for infant and child, this study explored 10 different cultivars. As for the leaf morphology, it was indentified that the mature leaves have size around 15 � 18 cm. general outline of the leaf is reniform (40%), 60% have green colour leaf, 50% without leaf lobe, 60% of leaf lobes number is one, 70% of shape of central leaf lobe is toothed. Abazial leaf vein pigmentation have purple (40%), and petiole pigmentation is purple with green near leaf (60%), besides its tuber roots, sweet potatoes are also harvested for its shoots and green young leaves for vegetables.

scholarly journals The role of JrPPOs in the browning of walnut explants

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shugang Zhao ◽  
Hongxia Wang ◽  
Kai Liu ◽  
Linqing Li ◽  
Jinbing Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Young Leaves

Abstract Background Tissue culture is an effective method for the rapid breeding of seedlings and improving production efficiency, but explant browning is a key limiting factor of walnut tissue culture. Specifically, the polymerization of PPO-derived quinones that cause explant browning of walnut is not well understood. This study investigated explants of ‘Zanmei’ walnut shoot apices cultured in agar (A) or vermiculite (V) media, and the survival percentage, changes in phenolic content, POD and PPO activity, and JrPPO expression in explants were studied to determine the role of PPO in the browning of walnut explants. Results The results showed that the V media greatly reduced the death rate of explants, and 89.9 and 38.7% of the explants cultured in V media and A media survived, respectively. Compared with that of explants at 0 h, the PPO of explants cultured in A was highly active throughout the culture, but activity in those cultured in V remained low. The phenolic level of explants cultured in A increased significantly at 72 h but subsequently declined, and the content in the explants cultured in V increased to a high level only at 144 h. The POD in explants cultured in V showed high activity that did not cause browning. Gene expression assays showed that the expression of JrPPO1 was downregulated in explants cultured in both A and V. However, the expression of JrPPO2 was upregulated in explants cultured in A throughout the culture and upregulated in V at 144 h. JrPPO expression analyses in different tissues showed that JrPPO1 was highly expressed in stems, young leaves, mature leaves, catkins, pistils, and hulls, and JrPPO2 was highly expressed in mature leaves and pistils. Moreover, browning assays showed that both explants in A and leaf tissue exhibited high JrPPO2 activity. Conclusion The rapid increase in phenolic content caused the browning and death of explants. V media delayed the rapid accumulation of phenolic compounds in walnut explants in the short term, which significantly decreased explants mortality. The results suggest that JrPPO2 plays a key role in the oxidation of phenols in explants after branch injury.

scholarly journals Sudden death associated with Niedenzuella stannea (Malpighiaceae) in cattle in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil: importance and epidemiological aspects

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 662-666
Author(s):  
Flávio H.B. Caldeira ◽  
Geovanny B.G. Dias ◽  
Felipe P. de Arruda ◽  
Valdecy de M. Lourenço ◽  
Kalinne S. Bezerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
The State ◽  
Acute Disease ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Araguaia River ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Plant Control

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate the importance of an acute disease that was characterized by sudden death associated with exercise that affected cattle in the region of the Araguaia River, especially in the municipality of Torixoréu, southeastern Mato Grosso, Brazil. Between August and September 2013, eighty farms in the municipality were visited and the pastures of these farms were inspected. Epidemiological questionnaires were completed from 65 farms. A plant identified as Niedenzuella stannea (N. stannea) of the Malpighiaceae family was attributed to the cause of sudden death in cattle, what causes major economic losses. Sudden death reports have occurred since 1970, when livestock was introduced into the region, and sudden death reports still occur. Outbreaks were reported to occur from May to October, but mainly during the dry season between June and August. N. stannea was identified at 41 farms and was always found in near to rivers. The most effective plant control methods included plowing the pastures and fields followed by manual application of Tordon® (Picloram and 2.4D). The administration of 5g/kg of young leaves which were collected from a farm with a sudden death history in cattle also caused sudden death in a sheep. Thus, it is concluded that the sudden death of cattle in the region of the Araguaia River is caused by the consumption of N. stannea.

scholarly journals Meteorological conditions, ozone concentration and leaf age affect gas exchange in Psidium guajava ‛Palumaʼ

Hoehnea ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Moreno Pina ◽  
Sérgio Tadeu Meirelles ◽  
Regina Maria de Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Ozone Concentration ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Entire Experiment ◽  
The City

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the importance of leaf age, meteorological conditions and ozone concentration (O3) on gas exchange of Psidium guajava ‛Paluma'. Saplings were grown and exposed in standard conditions in the city of São Paulo, in six periods of three months with weekly measurements in young and mature leaves. Gas exchanges were higher in young leaves for almost the entire experiment. Mature leaves showed greater reduction in gas exchange. The multivariate analysis of biotic and abiotic variables indicated that vapor pressure deficit (VPD), O3 concentration and radiation were the main variables associated with gas exchange decrease in young leaves. In mature leaves the influence of VPD is lower, but the temperature importance is higher. Moreover, the opposition between assimilation and O3 is more evident in mature leaves, indicating their greater sensitivity to O3.

The Structure and Antibacterial Activity of Taurine and its Magnesium Complex

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 ◽  
pp. 404-407
Author(s):  
Li Hua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Monoclinic Space Group ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Antibacterial Assay ◽  
Serial Dilution Method

The block single-crystals of taurine were obtained, and its structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The single-crystal X-ray analysis of taurine reveals that the crystal belongs monoclinic, space group P2(1)/c with a = 0.52824(10) nm, b = 1.1647(8) nm, c = 0.79236(13) nm, ß = 94.0850(10). The magnesium complex with taurine has been synthesized in ethanol. The antibacterial assay of the Mg (II) complex was measureed using a modified version of the 2-fold serial dilution method. The results show that the complex shows considerable antibacterial activity against escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis and staphylococcus white.

scholarly journals ANTIBIOTICS RESISTANCE OF CORYNEBACTERIUM NON DIPHTHERIAE STRAINS

2017 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
G. G. Kharseeva ◽  
N. A. Voronina ◽  
T. D. Gasretova ◽  
O. I. Sylka ◽  
S. Yu. Tyukavkina
Keyword(s):  
Serial Dilution ◽  
Urogenital Tract ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Serial Dilution Method ◽  
Resistant Strains

Aim. Study the frequency of occurrence of antibiotics resistant strains of various species of Corynebacterium non diptheriae. Materials and methods. C.pseudodiphtheriticum, C.pseudotuberculosis, C.xerosis, C.amycolatum, C.striatum, C.ulcerans strains isolated from patients with pathologies of respiratory and urogenital tract, as well as individuals taking prophylaxis examination were used. Sensitivity to antibacterial preparations was determined by the serial dilution method. Results. The highest number of Corynebacterium non diptheriae strains displayed resistance to benzylpenicillin (54.8%) and lincomycin (50.7%), and lowest - to cefotaxime, cefazolin (6.8%) and vancomycin (13.7%). The highest number of antibiotics resistant strains were detected among members of C.pseudotuberculosis {100%), C.xerosis (96.0%) and C. pseudodiphtheriticum (81.0%) species. Polyresistant strains were detected most frequently among C.xerosis, C.amycolatum and C.striatum species. Strains of Corynebacterium non diptheriae most frequently displayed resistance to 1 or 2 antibacterial preparations (24.7%), less frequently - to 3 (20.5%), 4 (13.7%), 5 (4.1%) and 6 (1.4%) preparations. Conclusion. The amount of antibiotics resistant strains of Corynebacterium non diptheriae is large (89.0%) and non-similar in various species.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Activity Sonneratia caseolaris Leaves Extract at Different Maturity Stages

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Winarti Winarti ◽  
Boedi Setya Rahardja ◽  
Sudarno Sudarno
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Heart Attack ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Reactive Component ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Maturity Stages ◽  
Sonneratia Caseolaris ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Ic50 Values

Free radical is a reactive component because it has one or more electrons. Free radical is very dangerous for our body because it can cause degenerative diseases, such as cancer, heart attack, and aging. Cancer and heart attack are one of the most killer disease. All we can do to decrease the free radical effect is consume antioxidant. S. caseolaris leaves has antioxidant activity, but it has known yet which stage of maturity is the best one for produce the highest antioxidant activity. This purpose of this research is knowing the influence between maturity and antioxidant activity at different maturity stages. This method of this research is experimental with Completely Randomized Design. The treatment in this research is vitamin C, fresh leaves in ethanol 96% extract, young leaves in ethanol 96% extract, and mature leaves in ethanol 96% extract. The main parameter of this research is IC50 values and the secondary parameters are total content of phytochemical in every extract. Data analysis using descriptive method with 4 treatments and five replications. The result of this research show that the maturity has influence in antioxidant activity. Inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) values of shoot leaves extract, young leaves extract and mature leaves extract is 12.0013 ppm, 13.9915 ppm and 14.6613 ppm. All of them are called antioxidant which has very strong activities. The highest phytochemical compound is found on shoot leaves extract with ethanol 96% solvent.

scholarly journals Screening of Punica granatum extract for antimicrobial activity against oral micro organisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Meera Avadhani ◽  
◽  
Meena Anand Kukkamalla ◽  
Kishore G Bhat ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Dental Patients ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar ◽  
Serial Dilution Method ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Dental Infections

Background and Objectives: A lot of research work in both dental and medical fields support the curative properties of pomegranate. Accordingly, it was decided to prepare a pomegranate mouthwash and evaluate it among Dental patients diagnosed with Chronic Gingivitis. The objective of the present invitro study is to assess the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the commercially available pomegranate extract powder against few oral pathogenic microorganisms. Methodology: Serial dilution method using thioglycolate broth medium was used for anerobes like Streptococcus mutans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Aggregatibacter actinomycetomcomitans, Prevotella intermedia and Mueller hinton agar mediated growth was used for aerobe like Staphylococcus aureus. Following which microdilution assay was performed and accordingly evaluated the MIC. Based on this report, the test rinse was prepared and further evaluated using the same methodology for both aerobes and anerobes. Results and Inference: It was observed from the MIC report for both aerobes and anerobes that at a concentration of 0.2% the formulated mouth rinse was effective against all the chosen organisms. The results of the study infer that products like mouthwash, dental gels etc made from this concentration could be possibly used for the control of dental infections.

scholarly journals Effect of kinetin on nucleic acid synthesis in senescing and young leaves in Brassica oleracea L. var. gongylodes L.

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-565
Author(s):  
J. Legocka ◽  
A. Szweykowska
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Rrna Synthesis ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Brassica Oleracea L

In detached kohlrabi leaves senescing in the dark, the decrease in chlorophyll to was more pronounced than in chlorophyll a. The retardation by kinetin of the chlorophyll loss was also markedly stronger in the case of chlorophyll b. Using the fractionation of nucleic acids on polyacrylamide gels it has been shown that during leaf senescence the level of all RNA species decreased, whereas the amount of DNA was more or less constant. In the presence of kinetin, the loss of RNA was inhibited and the incorporation of precursor into the cytoplasmic rRNA as well as into low molecular weight RNA species was supported. Chloroplast rRNA synthesis has not been detected in mature leaves and kinetin showed no effect in this respect. In young expanding leaves detached and kept in light, the synthesis of cytoplasmic rRNA was strongly stimulated by kinetin, whereas in the case of Chloroplast rRNA only an inhibitory effect of kinetin could be found. The results suggest that the cytokinins are primarily involved in processes of the synthesis of cytoplasmic rRNA and low molecular RNA fractions, and in this way affect the development of plastids, in particular the course of their senescence.

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