scholarly journals Mycoflora as a limitlng factor for pathogenic fungi in red clover pure cultures and its mixtures with cocksfoot

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-34
Author(s):  
Maria Dorenda
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Saprophytic Fungi ◽  
Sclerotinia Trifoliorum ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Soil Rhizosphere

Compositions of fungi communities in soil, rhizosphere, rhizoplane and roots of red clover and cocksfoot were analysed. All the changes occuring daring four-years, cultivation under mountain conditions were investigated. The effect of saprophytic fungi present in the analysed communitics on chosen red clover pathogens: <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>trifolii</i> and <i>Sclerotinia trifoliorum</i> was also studied.

scholarly journals Effect of fungal communities from the environment of culture of Trifolium pratense L. Dactylis glomerata L. on fungi pathogennic for clover.

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Maria Dorenda
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Saprophytic Fungi ◽  
Sclerotinia Trifoliorum ◽  
Orchard Grass ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Soil Rhizosphere ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

Thebiotic function of communities of saprophytic fungi in the soil, rhizosphere, planospohere and roots of clover, orchard grass and their mixed cultures in respect to selected pathogenes of clover was examined. The pathogens were <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>trifolii</i> and <i>Sclerotinia trifoliorum</i>. These communities were not able to resist <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>trifolii</i>. However, most of the components of these communities limited the development of <i>Sclerotinia trifoliorum</i>.

scholarly journals The communities of fungi occurring in the red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and red clover with cocksfoot grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) cultivations on the lowland

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanda Truszkowska ◽  
Barbara Kalińska
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

Knowledge of fungal communities within cultures of clover planted into barley and clover with cocksfoot grass may be used to evaluate the antiphytopathogenic potential of the environment. Observation of the lack of common pathogenic fungi and the sensitivity of <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> populations to agroecological conditions indicates the possibility of influencing the healthiness of the clover by agrotechnical methods.

Cas de suie de l'érable et de chancre du peuplier dans le canton de Genève

2016 ◽  
Vol 167 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
Bastien Cochard ◽  
François Lefort
Keyword(s):  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Flora ◽  
Acer Campestre ◽  
Cytospora Chrysosperma ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Populus X Euramericana ◽  
Bark Peeling ◽  
Specific Symptoms ◽  
First Time

A case of sooty bark disease and Cytospora poplar canker in the Canton of Geneva In summer 2014, a case of sooty bark disease caused by Cryptostroma corticale on an individual field maple (Acer campestre) and two cases of poplar canker due to Cytospora chrysosperma on Populus x euramericana were identified genetically for the first time on the territory of the Canton of Geneva. In both cases, the trees presented signs of very advanced dieback, accompanied by specific symptoms such as bark peeling and sooty plaques for the maple, and loose twisted bark layers and black colouring of the wood in structural branches of the poplars. Sampling was carried out in the symptomatic areas and components of the fungal flora were isolated in pure cultures in order to identify any pathogenic fungi. The molecular analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences made it possible to identify precisely all pure isolates obtained. The results showed a majority presence of C. corticale in the maple tree, and of C. chrysosperma in the two poplars. Both these fungi are little known in Switzerland and Europe, and their presence is maybe associated with changes in the climate.

scholarly journals Ice nucleation activity identified in some phytopathogenic Fusarium species

2005 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Richard ◽  
J.-G. Martin ◽  
S. Pouleur
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Freezing Temperature ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Nucleation Activity ◽  
Ice Nucleation Activity ◽  
Positive Controls

In order to know which species of Fusarium are ice nucleating and to determine the factors affecting their pathogenicity, ice nucleation activity (INA) was examined in Fusarium oxysporum, F. sporotrichioides, and F. tricinctum. Positive controls (lna+) used were F. acuminatum and F. avenaceum. The test for fungal INA was done with a simple and rapid tube nucleation assay. Twelve out of the 42 F. oxysporum isolates, and 8 out of 14 F. tricinctum isolates were lna+. No INA was detected in F sporotrichioides. In this test the threshold freezing temperature tended to increase with culture age, reaching a peak of -1°C in a few samples, which is as high as the warmest INA reported for bacteria, and higher than the INA detected in pure cultures of free-living fungi, lichen fungi, lichen algae and cyanobacteria. This is the first report of INA for F oxysporum.

scholarly journals Bright Side of Fusarium oxysporum: Secondary Metabolites Bioactivities and Industrial Relevance in Biotechnology and Nanotechnology

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 943
Author(s):  
Sabrin R. M. Ibrahim ◽  
Alaa Sirwi ◽  
Basma G. Eid ◽  
Shaimaa G. A. Mohamed ◽  
Gamal A. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Cyclic Peptides ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Bright Side ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Industrial Relevance

Fungi have been assured to be one of the wealthiest pools of bio-metabolites with remarkable potential for discovering new drugs. The pathogenic fungi, Fusarium oxysporum affects many valuable trees and crops all over the world, producing wilt. This fungus is a source of different enzymes that have variable industrial and biotechnological applications. Additionally, it is widely employed for the synthesis of different types of metal nanoparticles with various biotechnological, pharmaceutical, industrial, and medicinal applications. Moreover, it possesses a mysterious capacity to produce a wide array of metabolites with a broad spectrum of bioactivities such as alkaloids, jasmonates, anthranilates, cyclic peptides, cyclic depsipeptides, xanthones, quinones, and terpenoids. Therefore, this review will cover the previously reported data on F. oxysporum, especially its metabolites and their bioactivities, as well as industrial relevance in biotechnology and nanotechnology in the period from 1967 to 2021. In this work, 180 metabolites have been listed and 203 references have been cited.

Populations of the spinach wilt pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae, in the root tissues, rhizosphere, and soil in the field

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres A. Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Infested Field ◽  
Soil Rhizosphere ◽  
Root Tissues

Populations of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae in root tissues and rhizosphere soil of diseased spinach plants were higher than in the root tissues and rhizosphere soil of healthy plants. Populations in soil rhizosphere were higher than in nonrhizosphere soil. The fungus populations were very low in the root tissues of the nonsusceptible strawberry, broccoli, Chinese cabbage, and mustard grown in the infested field. The populations were low at the beginning of the season, increased, and remained high during the summer, then dropped in the fall. The fungus populations ranged from 1600 to 2600 propagules/g in the top 10 cm of soil, declined sharply between 11 and 20 cm, and were nondetectable between 41 and 60 cm.

On the susceptibility of clover and some other legumes to stem-disease caused by the eelworm, Tylenchus dipsaci, syn. devastatrix, Kühn

1922 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Goodey
Keyword(s):  
Red Clover ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Sclerotinia Trifoliorum ◽  
Leguminous Plants ◽  
Good Account ◽  
The Subject

It has been known for a number of years that red clover and certain other cultivated leguminous plants, besides many other non-leguminous ones, are subject to attack from the eelworm, Tylenchus dipsaci.Kühn (1881) gave an account of the disease produced in clover and lucerne. Later on Ritzema-Bos (1892) showed that the worm attacking clover was morphologically indistinguishable from that attacking rye, oats, hyacinth, carnation and several other cultivated plants and certain weeds. In England Miss Ormerod (1886–1900) dealt with the subject in many of her annual reports and gave a good account of the symptoms produced by Tylenchus dipsaci, pointing out in 1899 the differences between these symptoms and those produced by the fungus Sclerotinia trifoliorum.

scholarly journals Defense Responses of Fusarium oxysporum to 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol, a Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic Produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 1201-1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Schouten ◽  
Grardy van den Berg ◽  
Véronique Edel-Hermann ◽  
Christian Steinberg ◽  
Nadine Gautheron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Fusaric Acid ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Broad Spectrum Antibiotic

A collection of 76 plant-pathogenic and 41 saprophytic Fusarium oxysporum strains was screened for sensitivity to 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG), a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by multiple strains of antagonistic Pseudomonas fluorescens. Approximately 17% of the F. oxysporum strains were relatively tolerant to high 2,4-DAPG concentrations. Tolerance to 2,4-DAPG did not correlate with the geographic origin of the strains, formae speciales, intergenic spacer (IGS) group, or fusaric acid production levels. Biochemical analysis showed that 18 of 20 tolerant F. oxysporum strains were capable of metabolizing 2,4-DAPG. For two tolerant strains, analysis by mass spectrometry indicated that deacetylation of 2,4-DAPG to the less fungitoxic derivatives monoacetylphloroglucinol and phloroglucinol is among the initial mechanisms of 2,4-DAPG degradation. Production of fusaric acid, a known inhibitor of 2,4-DAPG biosynthesis in P. fluorescens, differed considerably among both 2,4-DAPG-sensitive and -tolerant F. oxysporum strains, indicating that fusaric acid production may be as important for 2,4-DAPG-sensitive as for -tolerant F. oxysporum strains. Whether 2,4-DAPG triggers fusaric acid production was studied for six F. oxysporum strains; 2,4-DAPG had no significant effect on fusaric acid production in four strains. In two strains, however, sublethal concentrations of 2,4-DAPG either enhanced or significantly decreased fusaric acid production. The implications of 2,4-DAPG degradation, the distribution of this trait within F. oxysporum and other plant-pathogenic fungi, and the consequences for the efficacy of biological control are discussed.

Ultrastructural study of galacturonic acid distribution in some pathogenic fungi using gold-complexed Aplysia depilans gonad lectin

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Benhamou
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Galacturonic Acid ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Ophiostoma Ulmi ◽  
Ascomycete Fungi

Aplysia gonad lectin, isolated from the mollusc Aplysia depilans, was successfully conjugated to colloidal gold and used for ultrastructural detection of galacturonic acids in some pathogenic fungi. These sugar residues were found to occur in the fibrillar sheath surrounding hyphal cells of Ascocalyx abietina and in intravacuolar dense inclusions of this fungus spores. In hyphae and spores of Ophiostoma ulmi, galacturonic acids were detected mainly in the outermost wall layers. In contrast, these saccharides appeared associated with the innermost wall layers and especially the plasma membrane of Verticillium albo-atrum cells. Galacturonic acids were found to be absent in cells of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici and Candida albicans. These cytochemical data indicate therefore that a heterogeneity in wall composition exists between ascomycete fungi. The significance of the presence of galacturonic acids in the cell walls of certain fungi is still open to question.Key words: galacturonic acid, fungi, gold labeling, Aplysia depilans gonad lectin.

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