scholarly journals Ecologicaland phenological characteristics of macromycetes of the Goleniowska Woods

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Friedrich
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Plant Associations

The paper describes effects of some ecological factors on the macromycetes development and singles out the fungi species typical of the 8 phenological seasons in various plant associations.

scholarly journals Ecological and coenotical structure of the Regional Natural Monument «Chelyabinsk city pine forest» vegetation

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Nazar Nikolayevich Nazarenko ◽  
Maria Dmitrievna Novgorodova
Keyword(s):  
Distance Measure ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Regime Changes ◽  
Forest Flora ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Synanthropic Species ◽  
Linkage Method ◽  
Natural Monument

The following paper deals with the ecological and coenotical structure of the Regional Natural Monument Chelyabinsk city pine forest vegetation. The estimation was done by a cluster analysis with Sorensen-Chekanovsky (Bray-Curtis) distance measure and a flexible beta group linkage method - by non-metric multidimensional scaling, phytoindication and general discriminant analysis algorithms. The flora and coenotical structure of Chelyabinsk city pine forest plant communities are characterized by significant anthropogenic transformation. Forest-margin and meadow, ruderal and synanthropic species are insinuating and naturalizing in pine forest communities actively and supplanting typical pine forest species off communities. The studied pine forest flora synanthropic index is 32 percent. 15 plant associations were detected; its flora, dominant and constant species, coenotical structure and biotopes were characterized by principal ecological factors. The biotopes series of ecological factors replacement were identified. Biotopes series are specified by forest stand ecological structure, that determining ecological regime changes from semi-light to semi-shade and from more arid to more damp. Also biotopes form series from wet more variable moistening bad-aerated not-acid and salt enriched soils to acid aerated poor soils with contrast arid moistening. The detected Chelyabinsk city pine forest biotopes are characterized by not so fluctuation of principal ecological factors.

ETUDE AGRO-ECOLOGIQUE DANS LE COMTE DE RIVIERE-DU-LOUP: ASPECT ECOLOGIQUE

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-128
Author(s):  
J. M. DESCHENES ◽  
J. C. ST-PIERRE
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Study ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Vegetation Changes ◽  
Plant Association ◽  
Vegetation Survey ◽  
Land Utilization ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Ecological Habitat ◽  
Successional Stages

Intensive studies of soil and vegetation were performed in Rivière-du-Loup County to identify various plant associations of meadows and pastures, describe the successional trends of each ecological habitat and establish a relationship between plant associations and various environmental factors. After vegetation survey and analysis, four plant associations and their successional trends were described. Each plant association was identified by the dominant species at the most advanced stage of secondary succession: (1) red fescue-bent grass association, (2) red fescue-Lindberg’s plume moss association, (3) bent grass–red fescue association, and (4) poverty grass–mouse-eared hawkweed association. All four plant associations were distributed in space according to the physiography and nature of the soils. Vegetation was highly influenced by age of sites. Young meadows and pastures were dominanted by timothy, red top, white clover and Canada bluegrass. Red fescue was very important on all 10 yr-old sites and remained so in all successional stages except in bent grass–red fescue and poverty grass–mouse-eared hawkweed associations. Vegetation changes with age depended on both ecological factors and land utilization. The results suggest that intensive soil studies and a rapid survey of vegetation would have provided results very similar to those obtained by a very detailed ecological study.

The arboreal ant community visiting extrafloral nectaries in the Neotropical cerrado savanna

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Ribas ◽  
Paulo Oliveira ◽  
Tathiana Sobrinho ◽  
José Schoereder ◽  
Marcelo Madureira
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Extrafloral Nectaries ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Ant Community ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Cerrado Savanna ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe cerrado savanna of Brazil embraces an area of approximately 2 million km2, in which vegetation physiognomies may vary from open grassland to forest with a discontinuous herbaceous layer. Here we describe the main ecological factors accounting for the prevalence of ants on cerrado foliage, and present a general characterization of the arboreal ant fauna of this savanna. The high incidence of ants on cerrado foliage results mostly from the wide occurrence of predictable liquid food sources in the form of extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) and insect honeydew, which act as efficient promoters of ant activity on vegetation. In addition, stem galleries and cavities constructed by boring beetles and insect galls create a nesting space frequently used by arboreal ants. Specific studies involving ants, herbivores and plants are reported to demonstrate the impact that foliage-dwelling ants can have on phytophagous insects, herbivory levels, and ultimately on host plants. These studies show that: (i) ants visit EFNs and likely benefit from this resource; (ii) EFN-gathering ants can benefit particular plant species by reducing herbivory and increasing plant fitness; (iii) presence of EFNs does not affect ant species richness within a given tree; (iv) there is not a particular ant species composition typical of plants with EFNs; (v) although plants with EFNs are visited by more ant individuals than non-nectariferous plants, this visitation pattern does not translate into lower numbers of herbivores on the nectariferous plant community. We suggest some promising research avenues to elucidate how community-level parameters can be tied to the ecology of ant-plant associations in cerrado.

WEEVILS AND PLANTS: PHYLOGENETIC VERSUS ECOLOGICAL MEDIATION OF EVOLUTION OF HOST PLANT ASSOCIATIONS IN CURCULIONINAE (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)

1993 ◽  
Vol 125 (S165) ◽  
pp. 197-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Phytophagous Insects ◽  
Insect Host ◽  
Weevil Species ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Single Host ◽  
Control Pollination ◽  
Related Plant

AbstractA great proportion of biodiversity is accounted for by organisms, particularly insects, intimately associated with plants. Knowing whether ecological or phylogenetic factors chiefly influence the evolution of host plant associations is essential to understanding speciation in, and therefore factors influencing diversity of, phytophagous insects. Through examination of known host plant associations in Curculioninae and comparison with available reconstructed phylogenetic relationships of certain taxa of Curculioninae, little, if any, evidence for cospeciation (parallel cladogenesis) is found. In curculionine taxa where sufficient host plant and/or phylogenetic data are available, weevil species are narrowly to broadly oligophagous; a number of related weevil species are associated with a single host plant species; many weevil genera have host plant ranges spanning distantly related plant taxa; and available weevil reconstructed phylogenies are not concordant with plant relationships. Rather, for at least some weevil taxa, evolution appears to be mediated by one or more of a variety of strictly ecological factors, particularly habitat associations. General applications of these results include biological control, pollination biology, conservation and restoration biology, and use of patterns in insect – host plant associations to resolve problems in plant classification.

Mites of the family Phytoseiidae (Parasitiformes, Mesostigmata) at the plants in Brovary town

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
S. L. Grabovska ◽  
L. O. Kolodochka
Keyword(s):  
Phytoseiid Mites ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
District Center ◽  
The Family ◽  
Species Composition And Distribution ◽  
Dog Rose ◽  
The City ◽  
Species Being

This article deals with the results of study of species content and basic peculiarities of beaked mites-Phytoseiidae in plant associations of one of the regional centers of Ukraine. The species composition and distribution of mites-Phytoseiidae (Parasitiformes, Phytoseiidae) in plantations of Brovary town of Kyiv region were determined. Fourteen species of 8 genera of phytoseiid mites were found. Index of their existing and relative biotope connection of each registered species to vegetation types and plant species were computed. The study was conducted according to the results of material treatment on the territory of the mentioned city from 25 species of plants (16 species of hardy-shrub and 9 of herbaceous vegetations). The studies of distribution of plant-living mites-Phytoseiidae were conducted separately for hardy-shrub and herbaceous plants). The collection of faunistic material was executed during the vegetation of periods of 2011 and 2013. Within the city the collection of the material was conducted with hardy-shrub plants and herbaceous type of vegetation along the streets, in parks and squares of Brovary city of Kyiv region, district center, one of the satellite-cities of Kiev, the capital of Ukraine. The study of species complexes characteristics of mites was conducted with usage of data calculated on the basis of frequency index (Is), degree of relative habitat confinedness (F) (Pesenko, 1982) and domination index Paliy-Kovnatski (Di) (Shitikov, 2003). Only on one species of plant (F=1) 6 species of mites-Phytoseiidae were found – T.сotoneastri on blue spruce, T. laurae – on common spruce, T. aceri – on ash-leaved maple, P. incognitus – on dog-rose, P. soleiger – on mulberry-tree, A. caudiglans – on sea-buckthorn. These species can be related to stenoecic. The mentioned species are stenotopic only in relation to the sample of plants from the plant associations of Brovary, as in other regions these species of mites can populate the other species of plants. The rest 8 species, being registered on two or more types of plants, are related to euryoecic. Among them there is a group of 6 species with “positive tendencies to population of plants”, owning the indicators of habitat confinedness 0<F<1: A. andersoni (0,92–0,96), A. rademacheri (0,85–0,96), N. herbarius (0,92–0,96), T. tiliarum (0,66–0,77), A. pirianykae (0,73–0,99), A. clavata (0,82–0,98). The rest species, E. finlandicus и K. aberrans, have the expanded range of indicators in relation to habitat confinedness (-0,71<F<0,55 и -0,16<F<0,88), that specifies on their ability to populate the big quality of species. E. finlandicus has the negative indicator of relative habitat confinedness in relation to the plants of herbaceous morphotype that serves confirmation of the ecological peculiarity of the species detected earlier. The data of relative habitat confinedness of mites to certain species of plants shows availability of stenoecic (T.сotoneastri, T. laurae, T. aceri, P. incognitus, P. soleiger, A. caudiglans) and euryoecic species (A. andersoni, A. rademacheri, N. herbarius, E. finlandicus, K. aberrans, T. tiliarum, A. pirianykae, A. clavata). 

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