scholarly journals Effect of foliar application of urea on leaf surface mycoflora of mustard and barley

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-279
Author(s):  
D. B. Singh ◽  
Bharat Rai
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Penicillium Citrinum ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Percentage Distribution ◽  
Epicoccum Nigrum ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
Barley Leaves ◽  
Fusarium Chlamydosporum

The number of fungi/cm<sup>2</sup> leaf increased insignificantly in the first sampling on treared musttard leaves and in the first and second samplings on barley leaves. A significant decrease in the number of fungi was noted in the rest of the samplings. A little variation in the number of species was recorder between the control and treated leaf samples. <i>Acrophialophora fusispora, Aureobasidium pullulas, Epicoccum nigrum, Fusarium chlamydosporum, Penicillium citrinum</i> and <i>P. rubrum</i> exhibited favourable effect of urea and thus their percentage distribution increased on the treated leaves.

Effect of algae Ecklonia maxima extract (Kelpak SL) on yields of common wheat, durum wheat and spelt wheat

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
GRZEGORZ SZUMIŁO ◽  
LESZEK RACHOŃ ◽  
BARBARA KROCHMAL-MARCZAK
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Ecklonia Maxima ◽  
Spelt Wheat

The 3-year experiment was concerned with the response of spring forms of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum), durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) and spelt wheat (Triticum aestivum subsp. spelta L. em. Thell.) to the foliar application of a plant growth stimulant (extract from marine algae Ecklonia maxima), with the commercial name of Kelpak SL (GS), as compared to control treatment (C). The following parameters were analysed: yield of grain, yield components (number of ears, weight of 1000 kernels, number and weight of kernels per ear) and physical indicators of grain quality (test weight, uniformity and vitreosity of grain). The study showed that the level of yielding and the yield components were related primarily with the wheat genotype, but they depended also on the agro-climatic conditions and on the algae extract and control experimental treatments. The application of algae extract, compared to the control, caused a significant increase in the yields of the spring wheat species under study, on average by 7.0%. Canopy spraying with algae extract had a favourable effect on the number of ears, on he number and weight of kernels per ear, but it had no effect on the weight of 1000 kernels. The grain quality of durum wheat, spelt wheat and common wheat was affected more strongly by the weather conditions in the successive years of the study and by the genotype than by the foliar application of algae extract. The spelt genotypes were characterised by lower yields and lower grain quality than common wheat and the durum wheat genotypes.

Oxadiazon Absorption, Translocation, and Metabolism in Rice (Oryza sativa) and Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli)

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 727-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagi Reddy Achhireddy ◽  
Ralph C. Kirkwood ◽  
William W. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Treated Leaf

The mode of action and selectivity of oxadiazon [2-tert-butyl-4(2,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-δ2-1,3,4-oxadiazolin-5-one] were investigated in tolerant rice (Oryza sativaL.) and susceptible barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli(L.) Beauv. ♯3ECHCG]. Oxadiazon produced only brown spots on the foliage of rice plants at higher rates (> 500 ppmv), while LC50for barnyardgrass was 250 ppmv. Translocation of14C-oxadiazon from the treated leaf was minimal in both species; after 7 days, about 2 and 3% of applied14C translocated in rice and barnyardgrass, respectively. In rice,14C recovered in water and chloroform washings of the treated leaf was 25% in each and in barnyardgrass, 20 and 18%, respectively. After water and chloroform washings,14C-oxadiazon present in the treated leaf of barnyardgrass and rice was 36 and 26%, respectively. In rice and barnyardgrass, unaltered14C-oxadiazon represented 86 and 79% of applied14C, respectively, 7 days after application. In barnyardgrass 7 days after foliar application, oxadiazon inhibited14CO2fixation and the export of fixed carbon. The effects were less marked in rice.

Intraspecific Differential Response of Wild Oat and Barley to Barban

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Jacobsohn ◽  
Robert N. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Differential Response ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Partial Explanation ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
In The Wild

Two wild oat(Avena fatuaL.) biotypes and two barley(Hordeum vulgareL.) varieties known to have intraspecific differential response to foliarly-applied 4-chloro-2-butynylm-chlorocarbanilate (barban) were studied. When barban was applied to the roots, the intraspecific differential response (measured by shoot retardation) was maintained in both species but to a much lesser extent than previously observed with foliar application. Wild oat maintained a greater differential response than barley. Therefore, the factors causing the differential response to foliarly-applied barban may reside primarily in the leaves of both species but to some extent elsewhere (perhaps at the plant apex) in the wild oat biotypes and to a lesser extent elsewhere in the barley varieties. Differential response to foliar applications was not caused by differential uptake, but may be caused primarily by the susceptible biotype or variety's reduced ability to degrade barban beyond 3-chloroaniline. This might cause the greater build-up of compound X (a water-soluble 3-chloroaniline-containing metabolite of barban) observed in the susceptible biotype or variety. Compound X appeared to be nonphytotoxic. The build-up of compound X in turn may reduce the rate of metabolism of barban resulting in the greater amount of free barban found in the treated leaf of the susceptible biotype or variety 12 to 24 hr after treatment. This greater amount of free barban in the leaf of the susceptible biotype or variety may be responsible for the differential response to foliar applications of barban. Evidence for this partial explanation of the differential response was better for barley than for wild oat.

Uptake and Phytotoxicity of Tebuthiuron

Weed Science ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 390-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.G. Steinert ◽  
J.F. Stritzke
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Gold Rush ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Primary Activity ◽  
Treated Leaf

Differences in the phytotoxicity of tebuthiuron (N-[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-N,N′-dimehtylurea) to nine plant species were observed on the basis of calculated GR50values. Japanese brome (Bromus japonicusThunb.) with a GR50value of 0.016 ppmw was the most susceptible and corn (Zea maysL. ‘Gold Rush’) with a GR50value of 0.436 ppmw the least susceptible. There was some growth suppression with foliar application but primary activity on all species was attributed to root uptake. The most significant translocation of labeled tebuthiuron was to the tops of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifoliaL.) plants treated through the nutrient solution where 24.5% of the total amount recovered was detected after 24 h. Only 7.3% of the total amount recovered was detected in the top of rye (Secale cerealeL. ‘Elbon’) plants with the same treatment. With both species, more than 90% of the radioactivity recovered following foliar treatments was still in the treated leaf after 24 h. Less than 5.5% of the recovered activity for both species was in the tops, less than 3% in the roots, and less than 1.5% was in the nutrient solution.

Behavior of Imazethapyr in Soybeans (Glycine max), Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea), and Selected Weeds

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 639-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy A. Cole ◽  
Glenn R. Wehtje ◽  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
T. Vint Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Foliar Absorption ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Tolerant Species ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Treated Leaf

Imazethapyr was applied at 0.14 kg ae/ha to soybean, peanut, sicklepod. Florida beggarweed, and redroot pigweed as either a soil, foliar, or soil plus foliar application. Soybean and peanut were the most tolerant species; redroot pigweed was the most sensitive, with sicklepod and Florida beggarweed being intermediate. Foliar or foliar plus soil applications were more effective in reducing sicklepod and Florida beggarweed fresh weights than soil application alone. Foliar absorption of14C-imazethapyr 72 h after treatment was greater than 90% for soybean, peanut, sicklepod, and redroot pigweed, but only 77% in Florida beggarweed. For the species evaluated, the amount translocated from the treated leaf ranged from 5 to 16% after 72 h. Within this same time period, an average of 90% of the root-absorbed imazethapyr had been translocated to the shoot in all species except peanut. The half-life of imazethapyr was 6.6, 6.5, 14.4, 24.0, and 32.1 days in soybean, peanut, Florida beggarweed, sicklepod, and redroot pigweed, respectively. Tolerance was most closely associated with imazethapyr half-life within these species.

scholarly journals First Report of Leaf Spot Disease Caused by Epicoccum nigrum on Lablab purpureus in India

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mahadevakumar ◽  
K. M. Jayaramaiah ◽  
G. R. Janardhana
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
First Report ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Epicoccum Nigrum

Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet (Indian bean) is an important pulse crop grown in arid and semi-arid regions of India. It is one of the most widely cultivated legume species and has multiple uses. During a September 2010 survey, we recorded a new leaf spot disease on L. purpureus in and around Mysore district (Karnataka state) with 40 to 80% disease incidence in 130 ha of field crop studied, which accounted for 20 to 35% estimated yield loss. The symptoms appeared as small necrotic spots on the upper leaf surface. The leaf spots were persistent under mild infection throughout the season with production of conidia in clusters on abaxial leaf surface. A Dueteromyceteous fungus was isolated from affected leaf tissues that were surface sterilized with 2% NaOCl2 solution then washed thrice, dried, inoculated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium, and incubated at 28 ± 2°C at 12 h alternate light and dark period for 7 days. The fungal colony with aerial mycelia interspersed with dark cushion-shaped sporodochia consists of short, compact conidiophores bearing large isodiametric, solitary, muricate, brown, globular to pear shaped conidia (29.43 to 23.92 μm). Fungal isolate was identified as Epicoccum sp. based on micro-morphological and cultural features (1). Further authenticity of the fungus was confirmed by PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region using ITS1/ITS4 universal primer. The amplified PCR product was purified, sequenced directly, and BLASTn search revealed 100% homology to Epicoccum nigrum Link. (DQ093668.1 and JX914480.1). A representative sequence of E. nigrum was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. KC568289.1). The isolated fungus was further tested for its pathogenicity on 30-day-old healthy L. purpureus plants under greenhouse conditions. A conidial suspension (106 conidia/ml) was applied as foliar spray (three replicates of 15 plants each) along with suitable controls. The plants were kept under high humidity (80%) for 5 days and at ambient temperature (28 ± 2°C). The appearance of leaf spot symptoms were observed after 25 days post inoculation. Further, the pathogen was re-isolated and confirmed by micro-morphological characteristics. E. nigrum has been reported to cause post-harvest decay of cantaloupe in Oklahoma (2). It has also been reported as an endophyte (3). Occurrence as a pathogen on lablab bean has not been previously reported. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of E. nigrum on L. purpureus in India causing leaf spot disease. References: (1) H. L. Barnet and B. B. Hunter. Page 150 in: Illustrated Genera of Imperfect Fungi, 1972. (2) B. D. Bruten et al. Plant Dis. 77:1060, 1993. (3) L. C. Fávaro et al. PLoS One 7(6):e36826, 2012.

scholarly journals Studies on phyllosphere fungi. VII. Foliar application of urea on certain ornamentals

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-288
Author(s):  
R. S. Kanaujia
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Impatiens Balsamina ◽  
Promotive Effect ◽  
Phyllosphere Fungi

Leaf-surface mycoflora of three ornamentals - <i>Impatiens balsamina</i> L., <i>Rheoes discolor</i> L. and <i>Lochnera rosea</i> (L.) Reichb., in relation to foliar application of aqueous solution of 5,0% urea has been studied. In the former two plants the application of urea enhanced the my00flora whereas in the latter an adverse effect was observed for phyllosphere region. In phyUoplane region of <i>L. rosea</i>, however, a promotive effect was exhibited in sprayed plants. The urea in this concentration also proved slightly toxic to <i>L. rosea</i>.

scholarly journals Modification of Olive Leaves’ Surface by Ultrasound Cavitation. Correlation with Polyphenol Extraction Enhancement

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Natacha Rombaut ◽  
Tony Chave ◽  
Sergey I. Nikitenko ◽  
Mohamed El Maâtaoui ◽  
Anne Sylvie Fabiano-Tixier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Acoustic Cavitation ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Plant Structure ◽  
Olive Leaves ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
Polyphenol Extraction ◽  
The Impact

We investigated the impact of ultrasound at 20 kHz on olive leaves to understand how acoustic cavitation could increase polyphenol extraction. Application of ultrasound to whole leaf from 5 to 60 min enabled us to increase extraction from 6.96 to 48.75 µg eq. oleuropein/mL of extract. These results were correlated with Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy, allowing for leaf surface observation and optical microscopy of treated leaf cross sections to understand histochemical modifications. Our observations suggest that the effectiveness of ultrasound applied to extraction is highly dependent on plant structure and on how this material will react when subjected to acoustic cavitation. Ultrasound seems to impact the leaves by two mechanisms: cuticle erosion, and fragmentation of olive leaf surface protrusions (hairs), which are both polyphenol-rich structures.

scholarly journals Effect of foliar application of nitrogen and plant growth regulators on bearing, physico-chemical constituents and shelf-life of mango (Mangifera indica L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
BIPUL KUMAR MANDAL
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Physico Chemical

The experiment was carried out on ten-year-old Amarapali mango (Mangifera indica L) in randomized block design with seventeen treatments with three replications at BAU, Ranchi to study the effect of foliar application of nitrogen and plant growth regulators on bearing and physico-chemical constituent and self life of mango. Among the different treatments, application of 200ppm ethephon had most favourable effect in causing earliness in panicle emergence days (16.0 days), initiation of first flower (12.3 days) and days to initiation of fruit set (10.3 days) over control. Whereas application of 2000ppm triadimefon in combination with 2% urea increased intensity of flowering shoot to the extent of88.5% in fruit plant. The maximum number of fruit set per panicle (44.7), fruit retention (12.1%) and number of harvested fruit per tree (194.4) were observed with combined use of 100ppm SA and 2% urea as compared to control. The highest TSS (25.1 0Brix) and reducing sugar (3.0%) content were registered under 100ppm GA3, while the highest phenol (2.84mg/100g) was recorded from the fruits of the plants sprayed with 200ppm ethephon in combination with 2% urea. However, minimum (11.1%) physiological loss in weight (PLW) was recorded in 100ppm SA along with 2% urea.

scholarly journals Auxin-like compounds act as protectors against UV-B irradiation in garden pea plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iskren Sergiev ◽  
Dessislava Todorova ◽  
Elena Shopova ◽  
Zornitsa Katerova ◽  
Jurga Jankauskienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Calcium Salt ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Garden Pea ◽  
Pre Treatment

AbstractPretreatment with the original auxin physiological analogues 1-[2-chloroethoxycarbonylmethyl]-4-naphthalenesulfonic acid calcium salt (TA-12) and 1-[2-dimethylaminoethoxicarbonylmethyl]naphthalene chlormethylate (TA-14) and subsequent UV-B irradiation (180 min at λmax 312 nm for 6.6 kJ·m−2) of pea plants (Pisum sativum L.) was investigated to assess if foliar application of these compounds has ability to attenuate the negative effects caused by UV-B stress. UV-B treatment increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline levels as well as superoxide dismutase, catalase and guaiacol peroxidase activities, but decreased hydrogen peroxide, low-molecular thiols, total phenolics and total soluble protein contents. The pre-treatment with TA compounds decreased the oxidative stress provoked by UV-B radiation detected by lower level of MDA, increased the content of thiols and UV-absorbing compounds and had favourable effect on H2O2 content and enzymatic activities. Exogenous application of auxin-like compounds on pea plantlets successfully counteracted UV-B induced oxidative stress via activation of ROS detoxifying enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidants.

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