scholarly journals Effect of saprophytic fungi on tomato pathogens: Fusarium oxysporum f. lycopersici and Verticillium albo-atrum in the soil substratum

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
Zofia Pudełko
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Saprophytic Fungi ◽  
Verticillium Albo Atrum

The biotic relations were studied in garden alfalfa soil between <i>Fusarium oxysporum F. Lycopersici</i> and <i>Verticillum albo-atrum</i> and saprophytic soil fungi. The presence of the latter had an inhibitory effect on the development of pathogens and the pathologic symptoms in the tomatos. It was found that real development of plants. A change of the glasshouse soil from under alfalfa may be favourable for preventing infection of tomatoes.

scholarly journals The Ovistatic Effect of Saprotrophic Soil Fungi on Ascaris suum Eggs

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Lidia Kołodziejczyk ◽  
Kinga Mazurkiewicz-Zapałowicz ◽  
Magdalena Twarużek ◽  
Jan Grajewski ◽  
Łukasz Łopusiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mtt Assay ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Ascaris Suum ◽  
Hydrolytic Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Fungal Enzymes ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
High Cytotoxicity

The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential use of selected species of soil fungi (Fusarium oxysporum, F. sulphureum, F. verticillioides, and Penicillium expansum) for the bioregulation of the dispersive stages of a parasitic nematode – the large roundworm of pig (Ascaris suum). Experimental cultures containing A. suum eggs with soil fungi and control cultures without fungi were incubated at 26°C for 28 days. Microscopic observations of the developmental stages of the A. suum eggs (zygote, 2-8 blastomeres, morula/blastula, gastrula, and larva) were performed at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The API-ZYM test was used to semi-quantitatively determine the activity of 19 hydrolytic fungal enzymes. The cytotoxicity of the fungi was determined with a tetrazole salt MTT assay. Microscopic observations of A. suum eggs incubated in the presence of fungi up to day 28 did not show any signs of destruction to egg shells and/or penetration of the fungi into the eggs. The ovistatic effect of all tested fungi (F. sulphureum, P. expansum, F. verticillioides, and F. oxysporum; p<0.05) was seen only on the 7th day of incubation, whereas on the 14th day, only F. verticillioides and F. oxysporum showed an inhibitory effect on the embryogenesis of A. suum, and by the 28th day, only P. expansum. The API-ZYM test showed differences in the hydrolytic activity of the tested strains, while the MTT assay showed the high cytotoxicity of F. sulphureum, the moderate cytotoxicity of F. verticillioides and P. expansum, and the low cytotoxicity of F. oxysporum. Among the fungal strains studied, F. sulphureum showed the highest ovistatic effect, which may be related to its enzymatic activity and cytotoxicity.

scholarly journals Endophytic Fungi from Four Indonesian Medicinal Plants and Their Inhibitory Effect on Plant Pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Nampiah Sukarno ◽  
Rohani Cinta Badia Ginting ◽  
Utut Widyastuti ◽  
Latifah Kosim Darusman ◽  
Sihegiko Kanaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Guazuma Ulmifolia ◽  
Curcuma Xanthorrhiza

The medicinal plants Centella asiatica, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Guazuma ulmifolia, and Hydrocotyle verticillata are widely used  in Indonesian traditional medicine, but little is known about their associated endophytic fungi. This research aimed to study the diversity of endophytic fungi derived from functional parts of these plants and to evaluate their potential as antifungal agents against the plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum. A total of 17 isolates of endophytic fungi were obtained: nine from leaves of G. ulmifolia, three each from leaves of C. asiatica and H. verticillata, and two from rhizomes of C. xanthorrhiza. The genus Colletotrichum was found in all plants studied, but each plant was associated with different species. Colletotrichum aeschynomenes was associated with C. xanthorrhiza, C. siamense was associated with C. asiatica, and C. tropicale was associated with G. ulmifolia and H. verticillata. The species Curvularia affinis, Diaporthe tectonae, Lasiodiplodia mahajangana, Parengyodontium album, Talaromyces trachyspermus, and Speiropsis pedatospora were found only in G. ulmifolia; while Didymella coffeae-arabicae and Muyocopron laterale were found only in H. verticillata. The endophytic fungi showed inhibition activity against F. oxysporum with inhibition values of 6.0-78.9%, T. trachyspermus JBd10 and C. affinis JBd14 gave the highest inhibition activity.

scholarly journals Effect of oil cake extract and organic manure on wilt of chickpea (Cicer areitinum L.) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-148
Author(s):  
Ashish Shrivastava
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Percent Reduction ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
Neem Cake ◽  
Oil Cakes

Studies were conducted to test the effect of oil cakes and organic manures on the growth of wilt pathogen under in vitro conditions. The extract of different oil cakes and organic manures were tested against F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri by poisoned food techniques in vitro. Least growth of pathogen was recorded in extracts of Neem cake showing excellent inhibitory effect of 70.87 percent reduction over control. Next best in order of mustard cake (65.36 %), linseed (62.99%), groundnut (53.36%) and least by other. Among the organic manures tested, vermi compost and FYM showed maximum growth inhibition of 35.95 and 30.62 percent over control, respectively.

Inhibitory effect of Trichoderma harzianum on mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici and Alternaria solani

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-230
Author(s):  
Wassima Lakhdari ◽  
Abderrahmene Dehliz ◽  
Randa Mlik ◽  
Hamida Hammi ◽  
Wiam Benlamoudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Inhibitory Effect

Inhibitory effect of earthworm coelomic fluid on growth of the plant parasitic fungus Fusarium oxysporum

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Plavšin ◽  
Mirna Velki ◽  
Sandra Ečimović ◽  
Karolina Vrandečić ◽  
Jasenka Ćosić
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Parasitic Fungus ◽  
Coelomic Fluid ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Effect of Dinitroanilines on Solanaceous Vegetables and Soil Fungi

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Eshel ◽  
J. Katan
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Black Beauty ◽  
Sensitive Fungus

The phytotoxicities of four substituted dinitroanilines,N-butyl-N-ethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine (benefin), 2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropylcumidine (isopropalin), 4-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropylaniline (nitralin), and α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin), to eggplant(Solarium melongenaL. ‘Black Beauty’), pepper(Capsicum annuumL. ‘Vindale’), and tomato(Lycopersicon esculentumMill. ‘VF 145-B-7879′) were studied. Nitralin and trifluralin were most active in inhibiting root elongation and top growth of these plants, the effect of benefin was intermediate, and isopropalin was the least active herbicide. The order of crop tolerance was as follows: tomato > pepper > eggplant. The effect of these herbicides on two pathogenic fungi,Rhizoctonia solaniKuehn andFusarium oxysporumf. sp.lycopersici(Sacc.) Snyd. and Hans. was tested in culture and was found to be quantitatively and qualitatively different from that on plants. With both fungi benefin and trifluralin were more toxic than isopropalin, while nitralin showed a very low toxicity.R. solaniwas the less sensitive fungus.

scholarly journals Potential of Octanol and Octanal from Heracleum sosnowskyi Fruits for the Control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9334
Author(s):  
May Khaing Hpoo ◽  
Maryia Mishyna ◽  
Valery Prokhorov ◽  
Tsutomu Arie ◽  
Akihito Takano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Heracleum Sosnowskyi ◽  
Half Maximal Effective Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Compound ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Race 2

The antifungal activity of volatile compounds from the fruit, leaf, rhizome and root of 109 plant species was evaluated against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) race 1—the tomato wilt pathogen—by using the modified dish pack method. Eighty-eight plant samples inhibited mycelial growth, including volatiles from fruits of Heracleum sosnowskyi, which exhibited the strongest antifungal activity, showing 67% inhibition. Two volatile compounds from the fruits of H. sosnowskyi (octanol and octanal) and trans-2-hexenal as a control were tested for their antifungal activities against FOL race 1 and race 2. In terms of half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) values, octanol was found to be the most inhibitory compound for both pathogenic races, with the smallest EC50 values of 8.1 and 9.3 ng/mL for race 1 and race 2, respectively. In the biofumigation experiment, the lowest disease severity of tomato plants and smallest conidial population of race 1 and race 2 were found in trans-2-hexenal and octanol treated soil, while octanal had an inhibitory effect only on race 2. Therefore, our study demonstrated the effectiveness of volatile octanol and trans-2-hexenal on the control of the mycelial growth of two races of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and may have potential for the future development of novel biofumigants.

Hyphal interactions between a mycoparasite, Pythium nunn, and several soil fungi

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1482-1487 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Lifshitz ◽  
M. Dupler ◽  
Y. Elad ◽  
R. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Limited Host Range ◽  
Pythium Nunn ◽  
Scanning Electron

The modes of hyphal interaction between a mycoparasite, Pythium nunn, and several soil fungi were studied by both phase-contrast and scanning-electron microscopy. In the zone of interaction, Pyth. nunn massively coiled around and subsequently lysed hyphae of Pyth. ultimum and Pyth. vexans. In contrast, Pyth. nunn penetrated and eventually parasitized hyphae of Rhizoctonia solani, Pyth. aphanidermatum, Phytophthora parasitica, and Phyto. cinnamomi by forming appressoriumlike structures. However, Pyth. nunn was not mycoparasitic against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum or Trichoderma koningnii and was destroyed by T. harzianum and T. viride. These observations demonstrated that Pyth. nunn was a necrotrophic mycoparasite, with a limited host range and differential modes of action among suscepts.

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