scholarly journals Distribution of some parasitic fungi on Phragmites communis Trin. in Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bożena Durska
Keyword(s):  
Phragmites Communis ◽  
Parasitic Fungi

scholarly journals Studies on parasitic fungi of plants occurring in the lake littoral of the Masurian Lakeland

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-141
Author(s):  
Bożena Durska
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Phragmites Communis ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Lake Littoral ◽  
Parasitic Fungi ◽  
First Time

In the years 1969-1970 the parasitie mycoflora of plants occurring in the littoral of 51 lakes of the Olsztyn and Mrągowo lake distriets and inthe Land of Great Lakes was examined. 132 species of parasitic fungi on the 150 vascular plants species were found, 6 of them for the first time in Poland, and 9 on hosts hitherto not observed in Poland. The influence of ecological factors such as the zone of the littoral, the position and irradiation of the coast etc. on the occurrence of pathogens was noted. The effect of some pathogenes on the transpiration, level of nitrogen and phosphorus, calorific value and yield of host plants wasalso examined, maily for <i>Phragmites communis</i> Trin.

Chemical Constituents from the Rhizomas of Phragmites communis

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao-Xue GAO ◽  
An-Wei DING ◽  
Yu-Ping TANG ◽  
Xu ZHANG ◽  
Jin-Ao DUAN
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Phragmites Communis

Development and degradation of a submontane forest in the Beskid Wyspowy Mountains (Polish Western Carpathians) during the Holocene

The Holocene ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 095968362110332
Author(s):  
Piotr Kołaczek ◽  
Krzysztof Buczek ◽  
Włodzimierz Margielewski ◽  
Mariusz Gałka ◽  
Aleksandra Rycerz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Fraction ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Plant Macrofossils ◽  
Western Carpathians ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Forest Belt ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Parasitic Fungi ◽  
Carpathian Region ◽  
Fire Activity

Mountain regions harbour high biodiversity; however, in numerous areas, they are strongly degraded by human activity. Our study reconstructs the development of the submontane forest belt (400 and 650 m a.s.l.) in the Beskid Wyspowy Mountains (Western Carpathians, Central Europe) affected by climate, humans, fire, and parasitic fungi during the Holocene. This forest belt is considered the most transformed by the human in the Carpathian region. Our multi-proxy study included analyses of pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs), plant macrofossils, micro- and macrocharcoal (size fraction >100 µm, analysed in contiguous sampling), geochemical, and sedimentological markers. The results revealed that Picea abies dominated on the fen subjected to study at ca. 8510–5010 cal. BP. Tilia cordata was a substantial component of the submontane forest between ca. 8510 and 2970 cal. BP and it survived a probable Kretzschmaria deusta outbreak, as well as a period of increased fire activity (ca. 6000 cal. BP). The final retreat of forests with a substantial contribution of Tilia was induced by the expansion of Abies alba, Fagus sylvatica, and partly Carpinus betulus and was preceded by the period of increased fire activity and erosion. From ca. 900 cal. BP human-induced deforestations and agricultural and pastoral activity increased. The modern presence of woodlands with Pinus sylvestris and Larix decidua, in the submontane zone in the Beskid Wyspowy Mountains, is a result of sub-recent anthropogenic afforestation on overgrazed areas. The example of the Zbludza site reveals that changes related to fire and pathogen infections, if they have low magnitudes and new competitive taxa are absent, may be reversible in a forest composed of fire-intolerant tree taxa as Tilia. Nonetheless, the widespread submontane ecosystem degradation and the introduction of alien species hamper the regeneration of forest vegetation typical of the submontane zone.

Lipid and Polysaccharide Compositions of the Plant Phragmites communis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. K. Yuldasheva ◽  
D. Sh. Azizova ◽  
N. Sh. Azimov ◽  
R. K. Rakhmanberdyeva ◽  
S. D. Gusakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phragmites Communis

Evolution of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) imprinted by natural and human factorsThis review is one of a selection of papers presented at the symposium on Vitis at the XVII International Botanical Congress held in Vienna, Austria, in 2005.

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (8) ◽  
pp. 679-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Bessis
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Biological Interactions ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Parasitic Fungi ◽  
International Botanical ◽  
International Botanical Congress ◽  
Environmental Agents ◽  
Selection Of

This paper is concerned with vegetative reproduction, which is the only mode of propagation in cultivated grapevines. After a brief summary of the systematics of the Vitaceae the question of the nomenclature of cultivated grapevines is discussed. Intra-varietal variability is discussed using morphological and molecular characteristics. The origins of variation are presented: mutations, foreign nucleic acids, and memory of previous environmental conditions. Grapevines provide characteristic products, leading viticulturalists to make selections among the diversity observed in the vineyard, thus decreasing diversity. Grapevines interact with various environmental agents. One example, the natural defence provided by resveratrol, is analysed, showing its direct effects against parasitic fungi and its indirect effects, both metabolic and genetic, on other organisms. Thus, the grapevine, viticulturalists, and their environment form a web of biological interactions.

scholarly journals Co-operative action by endo- and exo-β-(1→3)-glucanases from parasitic fungi in the degradation of cell-wall glucans of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary

1974 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Jones ◽  
Alex. H. Gordon ◽  
John S. D. Bacon
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Coniothyrium Minitans ◽  
Parasitic Fungi ◽  
Complete Breakdown

1. Two fungi, Coniothyrium minitans Campbell and Trichoderma viride Pers. ex Fr., were grown on autoclaved crushed sclerotia of the species Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, which they parasitize. 2. in vitro the crude culture filtrates would lyse walls isolated from hyphal cells or the inner pseudoparenchymatous cells of the sclerotia, in which a branched β-(1→3)-β-(1→6)-glucan, sclerotan, is a major constituent. 3. Chromatographic fractionation of the enzymes in each culture filtrate revealed the presence of several laminarinases, the most active being an exo-β-(1→3)-glucanase, known from previous studies to attack sclerotan. Acting alone this brought about a limited degradation of the glucan, but the addition of fractions containing an endo-β-(1→3)-glucanase led to almost complete breakdown. A similar synergism between the two enzymes was found in their lytic action on cell walls. 4. When acting alone the endo-β-(1→3)-glucanase had a restricted action, the products including a trisaccharide, tentatively identified as 62-β-glucosyl-laminaribiose. 5. These results are discussed in relation to the structure of the cell walls and of their glucan constituents.

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