scholarly journals Fluctuation of birch (Betula L.) pollen seasons in Poland

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Puc ◽  
Tomasz Wolski ◽  
Irene Câmara Camacho ◽  
Dorota Myszkowska ◽  
Idalia Kasprzyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Season ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Birch Pollen ◽  
Statistical Error ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Skewed Distribution ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Fluctuation Pattern ◽  
Pollen Seasons ◽  
Pollen Release

Birch pollen grains are one of the most important groups of atmospheric biological particles that induce allergic processes. The fluctuation pattern of birch pollen seasons in selected cities of Poland is presented. Measurements were performed by the volumetric method (Burkard and Lanzoni 2000 pollen samplers). The distributions of the data were not normal (Shapiro–Wilk test) and statistical error risk was estimated at a significance level of <em>α</em> = 0.05. Pollen season was defined as the period in which 95% of the annual total catch occurred. The linear trend for the selected features of the pollen season, skewness, kurtosis and coefficient of variation (<em>V</em>%) were also analyzed. During the 12–14 years of study, the beginnings of birch pollen seasons were observed 7–14 days earlier, the ends were noted 5–10 days earlier, and the days with maximum values occurred 7–14 days earlier compared to the long-term data. The left-skewed distribution of the pollen season starts in most sampling sites confirms the short-lasting occurrence of pollen in the air. The threat of birch pollen allergens was high during the pollen seasons. If vegetation is highly diverse, flowering and pollen release are extended in time, spread over different weeks and occur at different times of the day. Flowering time and pollen release are affected by insolation, convection currents, wind, and turbulence. Therefore, pollen seasons are characterized by great inter-annual variability.

scholarly journals The threat of allergenic airborne trees pollen to pollinosis sufferers in a rural area (Western Pomerania, Poland)

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kruczek ◽  
Małgorzata Puc ◽  
Alina Stacewicz ◽  
Tomasz Wolski
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Season ◽  
Birch Pollen ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Pollen Concentrations ◽  
Diurnal Distribution ◽  
Annual Total ◽  
Total Pollen ◽  
Pollen Seasons ◽  
The Village

The aim of the study was to investigate the concentration of <em>Alnus</em> L., <em>Corylus</em> L. and <em>Betula</em> L. pollen in the village of Gudowo (Western Pomerania, Poland) in the years 2012–2014 in order to estimate the threat of allergenic tree pollen in this rural region. Measurements were performed using the volumetric method (VPPS Lanzoni 2000 pollen sampler). The duration of the pollen season was determined by the 98% method, taking days on which, respectively, 1% and 99% of the annual total pollen grains appeared as the beginning and end of the season. Pollen grains from hazel occurred in the air as the first ones, before pollen grains from alder and birch. The earliest beginning of the hazel pollen season was recorded in 2012, whereas alder and birch pollen seasons started the earliest in 2014. Daily maximum pollen concentrations of the investigated taxa were recorded in 2014. Birch pollen allergens posed the largest threat to pollinosis sufferers. In the years 2012–2014, pollen concentrations equal or higher than threshold values, at which people with pollinosis show allergic symptoms, were recorded most frequently for birch, hazel, and alder (25, 19, and 14 days, respectively). The highest hourly alder pollen concentration was recorded at 16:00 and in the case of hazel at 15:00. The diurnal distribution of birch pollen concentrations does not show any distinct peaks.

scholarly journals The influence of weather conditions on the course of pollen seasons of alder (Alnus spp.), hazel (Corylus spp.) and birch (Betula spp.) in Lublin (2001-2006)

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Dąbrowska
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Season ◽  
Birch Pollen ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering ◽  
Pollen Seasons

The start and rate of florescence of <i>Alnus</i>, <i>Corylus</i> and <i>Betula</i> are dependent on meteorological conditions. In the present paper we have analysed the effect of mean, maximum and minimum temperature, relative air humidity and precipitation on the onset of the pollen season as well as on its length and annual count of pollen grains in alder, hazel and birch. The measurement of pollen fall was done by the gravimetric methods with the use of Durham sampler. Correlation coefficients were calculated between the determined characteristics of the pollen season and weather conditions. In the six-year research period 2001-2006 it was observed that low temperatures in January produced a delayed start of the pollen season in alder, hazel and birch. The beginning of flowering in these taxa was also influenced by thermal conditions prevailing directly before the season (ca. 10 days). The pollen season of the trees in question tended to be prolonged alongside with the increase in relative air humidity, but it was shortened due to higher temperatures. The volume of alder and hazel pollen release increased together with the rise in relative air humidity and precipitation. The annual counts of birch pollen increased along with rising temperature and decreasing relative air humidity and precipitation in the season.

scholarly journals The course of birch pollen seasons in Sosnowiec (Southern Poland) in 1997–2020 in relation to meteorological conditions

Aerobiologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Dąbrowska-Zapart ◽  
Tadeusz Niedźwiedź
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Pollen Season ◽  
Birch Pollen ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Synoptic Situation ◽  
Pollen Concentrations ◽  
Pollen Seasons ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe study's main objective was to specify the extent to which weather conditions were related to the course of birch pollen seasons in the years 1997–2020. The impact of atmospheric conditions on the daily concentrations of birch pollen grains, the Annual pollen integral (APIn), and the length of pollen seasons were studied. The dependency between each meteorological condition and various features of the birch pollen season was determined using Spearman’s rho correlation, the Kruskal–Wallis test, and cluster analysis with the k-means method. It has been shown that the duration of sunshine and average air temperature occurring within 14 days preceding the season has the most significant influence on the beginning of a birch pollen season. The value of daily birch pollen concentrations in Sosnowiec showed a statistically significant positive correlation with the duration of sunlight and the average and maximum wind speed. The daily concentration also depended on the synoptic situation: the mass airflow direction, the type of air mass inflow, and the type of weather front. The near-ground temperature influenced the APIn of birch pollen grains during the period of 14 days before the beginning of the season and the meteorological conditions occurring in the summer of the preceding year such as the maximum temperature, duration of sunlight, the maximum and average wind speed, and the relative air humidity. It was concluded that the length of birch pollen seasons decreased year by year.

scholarly journals Variations in birch (Betula spp.) pollen seasons in Lublin and correlations with meteorological factors in the period 2001-2010. A preliminary study

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystyna Piotrowska ◽  
Bogusław M. Kaszewski
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Season ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Birch Pollen ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Pollen Monitoring ◽  
Pollen Seasons

In Poland birch belongs to the most important taxa producing allergenic pollen, therefore information on the start dates, duration and severity of the pollen season is very important for allergists and their patients as well as for climatologists. Birch pollen monitoring was conducted in Lublin using the volumetric method during the period 2001-2010. A Lanzoni VPPS 2000 trap was placed at a height of 18 m in the city centre. The pollen season was determined using three methods: 98%, 95%, and 90%. The present study also investigated correlations between the birch pollen season parameters and meteorological factors. A comparison of the above-mentioned methods shows that, in the conditions prevailing in Lublin, the most appropriate method to determine the birch pollen season is the 98% method, since in the case of the two other methods too large quantities of pollen grains are eliminated. Based on a comparative analysis of the meteorological data from the study period and the long-term averages, it can be concluded that in the recent years a clear increase in air temperature has been recorded in Lublin. The study found a statistically significant negative correlation of seasonal pollen concentration with rainfall and air humidity. When the pre-peak and post-peak periods were separated, these correlations were larger and related to different meteorological factors. The start of the pollen season was negatively correlated with temperature in February and March. The season duration depended on temperature (a positive correlation). The date of the seasonal maximum was positively correlated with seasonal temperature and negatively with temperature in April.

scholarly journals Pollen concentrations of some plants in the air over Olszanica (Bieszczady Niskie Mountains) and Wrocław in the 2008 season

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Malkiewicz ◽  
Kamilla Klaczak
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Season ◽  
Birch Pollen ◽  
Urban Site ◽  
Rural Environment ◽  
Pollen Allergens ◽  
Pollen Concentrations ◽  
Allergenic Activity ◽  
Birch Pollen Allergen ◽  
Burkard Trap ◽  
Pollen Seasons

This paper presents the results of an analysis of pollen season patterns for taxa which show the strongest allergenic activity (alder, birch, grasses, and mugwort) in 2008 in the air over Wrocław and Olszanica. The study was carried out using the volumetric method (Burkard trap). The results show variation in pollen seasons between the analyzed localities. An attempt was made to find out in which of the sites in question - the urban site or the rural one - there was a greater risk of allergens of the selected plants. The results of the present study show that the alder, birch and grass pollen seasons in 2008 started and ended earlier in Wrocław, and maximum pollen concentrations were definitely lower. But the mugwort pollen season started earlier and ended much later in Olszanica, while maximum pollen concentration of this taxon was more than twice lower than in Wrocław. In 2008 in the investigated localities, the highest pollen concentrations of the plants in question occurred in the following months: alder in February, birch in April, grasses in June, while mugwort in August. In 2008 alder and birch pollen allergen risk was comparable in the investigated urban and rural environment. However, grass and mugwort pollen allergens posed a significantly greater threat in the rural environment than in Wrocław.

scholarly journals Mugwort pollen season in the air of Poland in 2019

Alergoprofil ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Puc ◽  
Piotr Rapiejko ◽  
Agnieszka Lipiec ◽  
Małgorzata Malkiewicz ◽  
Katarzyna Dąbrowska-Zapart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Season ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Start Date ◽  
Airborne Concentration ◽  
Pollen Concentrations ◽  
Artemisia Species ◽  
Pollen Seasons ◽  
June July ◽  
Artemisia Pollen ◽  
Seasonal Pollen

  The Asteraceae family is one of the largest families, comprising 67 genera and 264 species in Poland. However, only a few genera, including Artemisia, are potential allergenic sources. The aim of the study was to compare the mugwort pollen seasons in Bialystok, Bydgoszcz, Sosnowiec, Lublin, Piotrkow Trybunalski, Opole, Olsztyn, Szczecin, Warsaw and Wroclaw in 2019. The investigations were carried out using the volumetric method. Seasonal Pollen Index was estimated as the sum of daily average pollen concentrations in the given season. The mugwort pollen season is mainly observed in June, July and at the beginning of September. In 2019 the pollen season of mugwort started first in Opole, on the June 26th. At the latest, a pollen season ended in Bydgoszcz and Warsaw, at the end of September. The differences of pollen seasons duration were extremely considerable, from 35 to 83 days. The highest airborne concentration of 97 pollen grains/m3 was noted in Lublin on the July 31st. The maximum values of seasonal pollen count in Polish cities occurred between July 28th and August 12th, most often between in late July and early August. The highest mugwort pollen allergen hazard occurred in 2019 in Lublin, Warsaw, Opole and Wroclaw, and was 2–3 times higher than in other cities. The highest variability in the analysed seasons was found in start date, while the lowest in the peak value and SPI value. In the pollen season in 2019, 2 peaks of Artemisia pollen concentrations were observed as a result of the order of flowering of A. vulgaris and A. campestris. Information on the pollination of various Artemisia species will be used to avoid excessive exposure to allergens of these pollen grains.

scholarly journals Ash pollen season in Poland in 2019

Alergoprofil ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Puc ◽  
Daniel Kotrych ◽  
Agnieszka Lipiec ◽  
Kazimiera Chłopek ◽  
Dariusz Jurkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Season ◽  
Pollen Allergy ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Pollen Allergen ◽  
Airborne Concentration ◽  
Pollen Concentrations ◽  
Annual Total ◽  
Pollen Seasons ◽  
Seasonal Pollen

Pollen grains are one of the most important groups of atmospheric biological particles that cause allergic processes. Meteorological factors affect the occurrence of pollen allergen release in the air. In order to shed light on this phenomenon this study compares the ash pollen seasons in Bialystok, Bydgoszcz, Sosnowiec, Piotrkow Trybunalski, Opole, Olsztyn, Szczecin, Warsaw and Lublin in 2019. The investigations were carried out using the volumetric method (Hirst type pollen sampler). Seasonal Pollen Index (SPI) was estimated as the sum of daily average pollen concentrations in the given season. The ash pollination is mainly observed in April. Diagnosis of ash pollen allergy is made difficult due to an overlapping pollination period with Betulaceae and some cross-reactivity with allergens from Betulaceae. It is not clear whether ash pollen is a primary cause of sensitization or whether it is implicated through cross-sensitization to other pollens. In 2019 the pollen season of ash started first in Opole, on the March 9th. At the latest, a pollen season ended in Bialystok, after mid may. The differences of pollen seasons duration were very considerable, from 28 to 50 days. The highest airborne concentration of 190 pollen grains/m3 was noted in Lublin on the April 21st. The maximum values of seasonal pollen count in Polish cities occurred between April 4th and 22nd, most often between April 18th–22nd. The highest ash pollen allergen hazard occurred in 2019 in Lublin, Warsaw, Piotrkow Trybunalski and Bydgoszcz, and was at least three times higher than in other cities. The highest variability in the analysed seasons was found in the peak value and annual total.

scholarly journals Birch (Betula L.) pollen seasons in Cracow in 1991-2008 in relation to meteorological conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Myszkowska ◽  
Katarzyna Piotrowicz
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Season ◽  
Birch Pollen ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Circulation Types ◽  
Atmospheric Fronts ◽  
Pollen Seasons ◽  
Daily Concentration ◽  
Meteorological Elements ◽  
The Relationship

The parameters of the birch pollen seasons in Cracow in 1991-2008 were analysed in relation to some meteorological elements and synoptic situations (circulation types, air masses and atmospheric fronts). Two types of the pollen seasons were distinguished - highly dense and less dense. The first type of the season started on the 15<sup>th</sup> of April (on average), lasted 11-20 days and the maximum daily concentration exceeded 500 pgm<sup>-3</sup>. The less dense type started generally earlier (the first decade of April), lasted more than 20 days and the peak days were unstable. In this type of the pollen season, two peak days were often observed. The relationship between the type of the season and the meteorological conditions before the season was pointed out. Additionally, the influence of circulation types, types of air masses and atmospheric fronts over south-eastern Poland on a given day on the number of days with a daily concentration > 80 pgm<sup>-3</sup> was analysed. The relationship between the pollen season type and meteorological conditions before the season was found, among others, the influence of types of synoptic situations and air masses on the number of days with a concentration of over 80 pgm<sup>-3</sup> was established.

scholarly journals An analysis of grass (Poaceae) pollen seasons in Lublin in 2001-2008

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Dąbrowska
Keyword(s):  
Grass Pollen ◽  
Pollen Season ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Pollen Allergy ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Maximum Wind ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Pollen Seasons

Grass pollen allergens are a frequent cause of pollen allergy in Poland and other European countries. The research on aeroplankton conducted in Lublin since 2001 allows characterization of the course of grass pollen seasons and estimation of the effect of maximum and minimum temperatures, relative air humidity, precipitation and maximum wind velocity on the taxon's pollen concentration. The gravimetric method was used in the study. During the eight-year research period, the pollen season usually started in the first or second decade of May and, as a rule, it lasted till the end of August, and quite exceptionally, in 2002 and 2008 till mid-August. The mean length of the pollen season was 107 days. The highest grass pollen risk was observed in the 26<sup>th</sup> and 27<sup>th</sup> week. The highest annual counts reaching over 3600 pollen grains × cm<sup>-2</sup> were noted in 2008, while in the other study years they ranged from 741 to 1909. The date of the pollen season onset and its course were highly dependent on weather conditions, which was confirmed by the statistical analysis. The greatest significant influence on the pollen season was exerted by maximum temperature, relative air humidity and the maximum wind.

scholarly journals Specific subcutaneus immunotherapy by a birch extract absorbed onto calcium phosphate

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
M A Mokronosova ◽  
E S Korovkina
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Pollen Season ◽  
Rescue Medication ◽  
Birch Pollen ◽  
Pollen Allergy ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
One Year

Background. Allergic rhinitis is a common disease, affecting 25-35% of the population. Birch pollen is a significant cause of immediate hypersensitivity among sensitive subjects, affecting about 80% of the population in the central part of Russian Federation. Specific subcutaneus immunotherapy (SCIT) is the only treatment producing lasting clinical improvement in patients with allergy. The aim, of the study was to investigate the efficacy of one - year SCIT for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis for birch pollen using the Average Rhinoconjunctivitis Total Symptom Score (ARTSS) and Average Rescue Medication Score (ARMS). Materials and methods. 54 subjects with IgE-mediated seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis with/without seasonal asthma were enrolled; 47 patients with pollen allergy were included in a control group. All patients were sensitized to birch pollen-allergens. SCIT was performed during 9 months 2009-2010 years by a birch extract standardized in IR and absorbed onto calcium phosphate (Phostal, France). Patients were asked to complete diary during the birch pollination season (from 1 April to 1 June). Pollen grains were counted daily during the pollen seasons by standardized protocol and the amount of pollen was expressed as the number of pollen grains/m3 air. The ARTSS was derived from individual symptom scores for nasal and eye symptoms during the pollen season. In addition there was a daily score for the use of rescue medication (ARMS). Rescue medication allowed included Hl-antihistamines, nasal steroids, oral steroids; each puff, drop (nostril/eye), tablet counted as one point. Results. The seasonal pollen counts and the duration of the pollen season had differed in 2009 and in 2010. Reduction in ARTSS of 29% and decrease in ARMS of 28,9% were found in the birch pollen season for subjects treated with the SCIT compared with controls after one year of treatment. The immunotherapy after the end of the treatment was not effective in 3 patients (5%). Conclusion. Immunotherapy by Phostal shows clinical effect on development of seasonal rhinoconjunctivitis. The decrease in ARTSS for Phostal-treated patients that occurred in parallel with a marked reduction in their requirement for ARMS provides additional evidence for the efficacy of SCIT over and above usual pharmacotherapy for rhinitis.

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