scholarly journals Variability of morphological and anatomical traits in natural populations of Festuca rubra and F. nigrescens

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 159-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Dąbrowska
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Morphometric Data ◽  
Cauline Leaf ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Morphological and anatomical variability in 24 subpopulations of two native species of <i>Festuca</i> occurring in Poland was studied. The principal component analysis and cluster analysis of morphometric data and DNA classified specimens or sub-populations of <i>Festuca</i> into two groups, corresponding to the two species. <i>F. rubra</i> and <i>F. nigrescens</i> are similar to each other in most morphological characters: the number of the florets, the length of the spikelet, the length of the lemma awn, the width and thickness of the leaf, the length of the cauline leaf, the length of hairs in the leaf, the number and diameter of vascular bundles in the leaf, the hairiness of branches of the panicle, the hairiness of the lemma. The key morphological features distinguishing both species include the number of ribs in the leaf, the width of the cauline leaf (second from the top), caespitose, presence of rhizomes and quantity of the sclerenchymatous tissue in the leaf blade. Apparent differences were detected between the single sub-populations. However, between the intraspecific sub-populations, diversity in terms of the following traits was observed: the length of the stems, number of florets in the spikelet, the length of the spikelet and lemma awn, the width of the cauline leaves, the number of the ribs and quantity of the sclerenchymatous tissue in the leaf blade.

scholarly journals The variability of natural populations of Brachypodium pinnatum and B. sylvaticum based on morphological features

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Paszko
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphometric Data ◽  
Single Population ◽  
Brachypodium Pinnatum ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

The morphological diversity in 25 populations of two native species of <em>Brachypodium</em> occurring in Poland, was studied. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis of morphometric data segregate specimens or populations of <em>Brachypodium</em> into two groups, corresponding to the two species. In most of morphological characters, <em>B. pinnatum</em> and <em>B. sylvaticum</em> are similar to each other. However, in terms of characteristics, such as the hairiness of culms and leaf-sheaths both can also vary much within a single population. In comparison with <em>B. pinnatum</em>, <em>B. sylvaticum</em> always has pubescent abaxial palea surfaces. Apparent differences were not detected between the two ecotypes of <em>B. pinnatum</em> named "Grassland" and "Woodland".

scholarly journals Use of Highly Discriminating Morphological Characters and Isozymes in the Study of Spanish Chestnut Cultivars

2006 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. 770-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Pereira-Lorenzo ◽  
María Belén Díaz-Hernández ◽  
Ana María Ramos-Cabrer
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Morphological characters (six traits) and isozymes (four systems, five loci) were used to discriminate between Spanish chestnut cultivars (Castanea sativa Mill.) from the Iberian Peninsula. A total of 701 accessions (representing 168 local cultivars) were analyzed from collections made between 1989 and 2003 in the main chestnut growing areas: 31 were from Andalucía (12 cultivars), 293 from Asturias (65 cultivars), 25 from Castilla-León (nine cultivars), four from Extremadura (two cultivars) and 348 from Galicia (80 cultivars). Data were synthesized using multivariate analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis. A total of 152 Spanish cultivars were verified: 58 cultivars of major importance and 94 of minor importance, of which 18 had high intracultivar variation. Thirty-seven cultivars were clustered into 14 synonymous groups. Six of these were from Galicia, one from Castilla-León (El Bierzo), four from Asturias, one from Asturias and Castilla-León (El Bierzo), and two from Asturias, Castilla-León (El Bierzo), and Galicia. The chestnut cultivars from Galicia and Asturias were undifferentiated in genetic terms, indicating that they are not genetically isolated. Overall, chestnut cultivars from southern Spain showed the least variation. Many (58%) of Spanish cultivars produced more than 100 nuts/kg; removing this low market-value character will be a high priority. The data obtained will be of use in chestnut breeding programs in Spain and elsewhere.

scholarly journals Morphological and genetic diversity of Senecio vulgaris L. (Asteraceae) in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Ebadi ◽  
Rosa Eftekharian
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽  
Cauline Leaf ◽  
Senecio Vulgaris ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Principal Coordinates

Senecio vulgaris L., an annual herb belonging to the Asteraceae, is widely distributed in different regions of the world. There is no information on the intraspecific variations of the morphological and molecular features of this species. In the present investigation, we studied the morphological and genetic diversity of 81 accessions of S. vulgaris collected from 10 geographical populations. Eleven inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers were used for the examination of genetic variations among the populations. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and GST analyses revealed significant differences among the investigated populations. A significant correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance was revealed by the Mantel test. However, reticulation analysis indicated the occurrence of gene flow among most of the populations studied. Principal component analysis (PCA) plot showed that the number of capitula, length of the cauline leaf and plant height were the most variable morphological characters. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) plot revealed two groups of populations, according to molecular and morphological data. The results suggested the existence of possible intraspecific taxonomic ranks within this species.

Variation in leaf characteristics among provenances of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. grown in Zambia

1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
J Burley ◽  
PJ Wood ◽  
AS Hans
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Ecotypic Variation ◽  
Old Trees

Eight morphological characters of leaves were examined in 2-year-old trees of 25 provenances of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn, grown in a replicated trial in Zambia. Provenances differed significantly in leaf length and width, base angle, and oil gland density but significant effects were attributed to trees within provenances. Leaf curvature also varied between provenances, trees, and branches. The tip angle and the number of veins did not vary significantly. Leaf length and oil gland density were related to maximum temperature at seed source rather than to latitude but the reverse occurred for leaf width. Significant amounts of variation were explained by a linear combination of temperature and latitude but not by longitude, altitude, or rainfall. Information on seven traits was combined in principal component analysis in which the first component (a measure of leaf shape) accounted for 36% of total observed variation while the second (weighted largely on leaf length) accounted for 26%. Mapping of both univariate and multivariate results indicated that there are two major ecotypes and gave some evidence of clinal and ecotypic variation within them. The conclusions support those of other workers both in natural populations in Australia and in exotic populations elsewhere.

Phenetic analysis of the complex Senna fabrisii—S. trichosepala (Leguminosae, Caesalpiniodeae, Aphyllae) based on morphological characters and seed protein electrophoretic profiles

Phytotaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico O. Robbiati ◽  
Alícia Lamarque ◽  
Ana M. Anton ◽  
Renée H. Fortunato
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Univariate Analyses

Multivariate and univariate analyses based on morphological characters and seed soluble protein electrophoretic profiles were carried out in order to understand the taxonomic status within the complex S. fabrisii-S. trichosepala. Twenty morphological characters from herbarium specimens were recorded and analyzed by ANOVA, principal component and cluster analysis. The seed protein electrophoretic analysis including cluster analysis was based on three populations: one of S. fabrisii and two of S. trichosepala. The results showed that both taxa differed only by three morphological features; in parallel, the CPA and CA demonstrate that no clearly separated group can be recognized. The seed protein electrophoretic profiles show a high degree of similarity. Based on these results, and due to the variability observed, the inclusion of S. fabrisii in the synonymy of S. trichosepala is proposed.

scholarly journals Distribution, variation, and relationship of Curcuma soloensis Valeton in Java, Indonesia based on morphological characters

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
MUHAMAD JALIL ◽  
AZIZ PURWANTORO ◽  
BUDI SETIADI DARYONO ◽  
Purnomo PURNOMO
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Flesh Color ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract. Jalil M, Purwantoro A, Daryono BS, Purnomo. 2020. Distribution, variation, and relationship of Curcuma soloensis Valeton in Java, Indonesia based on morphological characters. Biodiversitas 21: 3867-3877. Curcuma soloensis Valeton (locally called temu genyeh) was a plant originating from Solomon Islands and was synonymous with Curcuma longa L. This plant was often considered to be turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn.) or temulawak (Curcuma zanthorrhiza Roxb.), because the rhizome is almost the same color. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution, variation, and relationship of C. soloensis in Java, Indonesia. Retrieval of data with exploratory roaming methods in 12 districts/cities in Java Island as a center for planting medicinal plants. Morphological character observations were made on habit, rhizome, roots, tubers, leaves, pseudo-stems, and flowers. Morphological data were analyzed by descriptive and numerical methods. Analysis of grouping with Gower Coefficients because it uses 45 binary and multistate data. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed to determine the role of each character in the grouping. Cluster analysis and PCA graphics were assisted with MVSP 3.1 software. The results of the study were obtained from 25 accessions of C. soloensis in East Java (Trenggalek, Pacitan, Ponorogo), Central Java (Wonogiri, Karanganyar, Magelang, Semarang), Yogyakarta (Yogyakarta City, Bantul, Gunungkidul), and West Java (Ciamis and Tasikmalaya). The variation of C. soloensis lies in habit, stem color, leaf shape, rhizome shape, rhizome flesh color, and tuber shape. The highest abundance percentage is in Pajangan, Tirtomoyo, and Tawangmangu. The dendrogram divides 32 OTUs into two clusters on the phenon line 0.617, namely cluster A (C. zanthorrhiza) and cluster B (C. soloensis and C. longa). PCA results showed that the characters that had the most role in grouping were leaf blade color, leaf blade length, rhizome shape, root color, rhizome taste, outer and inner rhizome flesh color.

scholarly journals Identification of morphometric variation of Aegel marmelos (L.) Correa correlated with habitat types in Western Terai

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-017
Author(s):  
Bimal Bahadur Kunwar
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Morphometric Variation ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Grouping Pattern ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Disc Level ◽  
East West

Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa locally called “Bael” is an economically important plant mainly harvested and traded for medicinal as well as religious purposes. Most of the collection of the plant is from forest. Due to habitat change, deforestation and over harvesting, it is feared that such important plant and its precious genetic diversity may be lost from the nature. Responding to these challenges a major initiative has been launched in the Western Terai Landscape Complex of Nepal to identify morphometric variability in A. marmelos. Morphometric characters variation of this species in Western Terai Landscape Complex was statically and numerically evaluated. Sixteen populations were analysed, using 27 morphological characters of leaves and fruit, collected during 2007/2008 naturally. Most of the morphological characters were not significant with the east-west longitudinal gradient except few were, probably because of small gradient. The variation in the A. marmelos is clearly verified by uni- and multivariate statistics. Highest variation was observed in the (DL) Disc Level (CV= 6.08) from different morphometric characters and later that in PL and B. These DL, PL and B were determining characters of morphometric variation. Similarly, principal component and cluster analysis through forming dendrogram of morphometric traits indicated different grouping pattern of populations. The populations that are nearer to each other are not cluster together. At different sites of sampling analysis of variance in the morphometric traits revealed remarkable variation among population.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of Albanian pea (Pisum sativum L.) landraces assessed by morphological traits and molecular markers

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gixhari ◽  
M. Pavelková ◽  
H. Ismaili ◽  
H. Vrapi ◽  
A. Jaupi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Insertion Polymorphism ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

In order to investigate the genetic diversity present in the pea germplasm stored in the Albanian genebank, we analyzed 28 local pea genotypes of Albanian origins for 23 quantitative morphological traits, as well as 14 retrotransposon-based insertion polymorphism (RBIP) molecular markers. The study of morphological characters carried out during three growing seasons (2010, 2011 and 2012) had the objective of characterization of traits useful in breeding programs. RBIP marker analysis revealed the genetic similarity in range from 0.06 to 0.45. ANOVA, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis was used to visualize the association among different traits. Most of the quantitative morphological traits showed significant differences. PCA and cluster analysis (Ward&rsquo;s method) carried out for morphological traits divided the local pea genotypes into three clusters. Finally, the study identified the agronomicaly important traits which will facilitate the maintenance and agronomic evaluation of the collections.

Palynological observations on the genus Gundelia L. (Asteraceae) growing in Turkey

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 502 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-66
Author(s):  
MEHMET FIRAT ◽  
SELAMI SELVİ
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Polar Axis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Equatorial Diameter ◽  
Polar Diameter ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

The pollen morphology of 17 taxa of Gundelia, of which 13 taxa are endemic to Turkey, was investigated by light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In this study, the pollen morphology of 16 taxa except G. tournefortii was investigated for the first time. The quantitative data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and multivariate statistics. The pollen grains are oblate spheroidal and prolate spheroidal in shape with the polar diameter of 37.01–61.2 μm and the equatorial diameter of 31.2–63.4 μm. The smallest pollen grains were observed in G. anatolica, G. rosea and G. tournefortii, while the largest pollen grains were observed in G. vitekii, G. komagenensis and G. colemerikensis. Pollen ornamentation is echinate in LM and echinate-microperforate in SEM. Statistically, the relationships between pollen characters of the examined taxa were identified using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Clustering Analyzis. In addition, a dendrogram was constructed by applying UPGMA based on the determined 15 pollen morphological characters, and the degree of their relationship was discussed. Polar axis, equatorial diameter and colpus length were the major explanations of the pollen morphological characters’ total variation in PCA. Pair group method was used to divide the main pollen taxa into three groups based on the pollen morphology by using arithmetic averages analysis (PCA scatterplot and cluster analysis). As a result, the pollen shape, polar axis, equatorial diameter and spine length were important characters distingushing the taxa from each other. We found some matches and mismatches between pollen and morphological characters, whose significance requires further study.

Le statut des Euphrasia borealis, E. nemorosa et E. stricta dans l'est de l'Amérique du Nord : une analyse numérique

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 2208-2216
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Downie ◽  
Andrée Quintin ◽  
John McNeill
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Cauline Leaf ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Considerable Controversy ◽  
Discriminant Analyses

The taxonomic status of Euphrasia borealis, E. nemorosa, and E. stricta in eastern North America has been the subject of considerable controversy. A sample of 184 operational taxonomic units were scored for 58 morphological characters, and the resulting data matrix was subjected to cluster and principal component analyses. Two groups were recognized on the basis of bract and upper cauline leaf characters and designated as E. nemorosa and E. stricta. These two groups were then subjected to several discriminant analyses (stepwise, linear, and canonical) using quantitative data. The results do not support the recognition of E. borealis and E. nemorosa as separate taxa. These plants should be treated as a single species, for which the correct name is E. nemorosa. Euphrasia stricta is, however, morphologically distinct from E. nemorosa. Some geographic differentiation was observed between plants of E. nemorosa from Newfoundland and those from Quebec, but not enough to warrant the recognition of infraspecific taxa. No evidence of hybridization between E. nemorosa and E. stricta was found. Key words: Euphrasia borealis, Euphrasia nemorosa, Euphrasia stricta, numerical analysis, North America, hybridization.

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