scholarly journals The prospects for the survival of the population of a boreal relict species, Betula humilis Schrk., in a small isolated peat bog in the Łęczna - Włodawa Lakeland

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Pogorzelec ◽  
Joanna Wojciechowska
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Succession ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Peat Bog ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Relict Species ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Salix Cinerea ◽  
Betula Humilis ◽  
Biometric Features

An attempt was made to identify the major risks to the population of <i>Betula humilis</i> Schrk. existing in a small isolated transitional peat bog near Lake Bikcze, in the Łęczna-Włodawa Lakeland. The biometric features of 40 <i>Betula humilis</i> individuals were measured as well as the growth of shoots, flowering and fruiting were observed. Habitat conditions were characterized by making measurements of selected abiotic and biocenotic environmental factors. The obtained results allowed us to identify two main threats to the proper functioning of the study population. The first one is the possible loss of genetic identity of the species as a result of probable ongoing introgression by the potential crossing of <i>Betula humilis</i> with other species of the genus <i>Betula</i>, which are numerous in the flora of the studied area. Another threat is a change in habitat conditions (mainly light and water conditions), which is due to the accelerated secondary succession manifested by the expansion of common species such as <i>Salix cinerea</i>, <i>Betula pendula</i>, and <i>Phragmites australis</i>.

scholarly journals The occurence of rare and protected plant species on the peat bog near Lake Bikcze (Łęczyńsko-Włodawskie Lakeland)

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Pogorzelec ◽  
Barbara Banach
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Peat Bog ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Drosera Rotundifolia ◽  
Western Shore ◽  
Betula Humilis ◽  
Menyanthes Trifoliata

This paper presents the results of a pilot field study, conducted in July 2007, designed to make floristic evaluation of the peat bog area adjacent to the western shore of Lake Bikcze (Łęczyńsko-Włodawskie Lakeland). The main aim of the study was to confirm the occurrence of populations of rare and legally protected plant species in this area and to identify, on a preliminary basis, habitat conditions in their stands. The occurrence of populations of the following strictly protected plant species: <i>Betula humilis</i>, <i>Salix lapponum</i>, <i>Salix myrtilloides</i>, <i>Carex limosa</i>, <i>Drosera intermedia</i>, <i>Drosera rotundifolia</i>, <i>Dactylorhiza incarnata</i>; and partially protected species: <i>Menyanthes trifoliata</i>, has been confirmed in the studied peat bog. Both an investigation of abiotic factors, conducted <i>in situ</i>, and an analysis of the species composition of the flora in terms of habitat preferences of particular groups of taxa have shown that the described rare plant species find suitable conditions for their growth and development in the studied peat bog.

scholarly journals Ecology of Cladocera species from Central America based on subfossil assemblages

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1S) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Wojewódka ◽  
Edyta Zawisza ◽  
Sergio Cohuo ◽  
Laura Macario-González ◽  
Antje Schwalb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Central America ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Lowland Lakes

<p>Cladocera species composition was analyzed in surface sediments of 29 lakes in Central America (Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras). The material studied was collected with an Ekman grab in autumn 2013 from lakes located in lowland, highland and mountain regions. The study revealed high variability in qualitative and quantitative composition of subfossil Cladocera. A total of 31 Cladocera species (5 planktonic and 26 littoral) were identified, as well as 4 morphotypes that could not be identified (NRR<em> </em>1-4). Planktonic Bosminidae<em> </em>and<em> </em>Daphniidae were the most abundant families. Daphniidae were restricted to water bodies in mountain regions, whereas Bosminidae were widely distributed in lakes with different abiotic conditions. Moreover, Bosminidae species also occurred in highly mineralized waters (&gt; 900 µS cm<sup>-1</sup>). The great majority of the identified Cladocera species belonged to the littoral family Chydoridae. <em>Chydorus </em>cf.<em> sphaericus</em> was the most common species (found in 20 lakes), which probably reflects its tolerance to a wide spectrum of habitat conditions. Cluster analysis discriminated 6 groups of Cladocera species with a high correlation level within groups (≥0.8), which showed different types of correlation with lake characteristics and environmental variables. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that altitude and secondly water electrical conductivity were the most important drivers of Cladocera species composition in the region studied. Furthermore, CCA analysis indicated lowland lakes with low water transparency were also characterized by peculiar species assemblages. <strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals Downy willow (Salix lapponum L.) as a component of different phytocoenoses in Polesie National Park

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Pogorzelec
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
National Park ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Relict Species ◽  
Half Century ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Essential Problem ◽  
Salix Lapponum

The aim of this study was to make an evaluation of the current stands of a relict species, <i>Salix lapponum</i>, within the area of the Polesie National Park, to determine the population size and condition of downy willow as well as to analyse biocenotic conditions in its stands. The study, conducted in the years 2001-2003, allowed to establish that the number of <i>S. lapponum</i> stands had decreased significantly and that its population size in the confirmed stands in the Polesie National Park was substantially lower than 50 years ago. <i>Salix lapponum</i> was a component of different phytocoenoses, but its highest population size and a high degree of development were noted at the sites with the <i>Betulo-Salicetum</i> repentis and <i>Thelypteridi-Phragmitetum</i> communities. The character of the phytocoenoses in which <i>Salix lapponum</i> occurred in greatest numbers may evidence the wide range of tolerance of downy willow with respect to habitat conditions. There is a probability that not only the changes in its habitat conditions, which were noted over the last half-century, had a significant effect on the reduction in the number of stands and in the population size of this species. An essential problem appears to be the fact of the absence of flowering in individuals in many of the studied populations, which may result in an insufficient degree of adaptation of <i>S. lapponum</i> to changing habitat conditions.

scholarly journals Birch Bog on Anthropogenically Transformed Raised Bogs. A Case Study from Pomerania (Poland)

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zofia Sotek ◽  
Małgorzata Stasińska ◽  
Ryszard Malinowski ◽  
Renata Gamrat ◽  
Małgorzata Gałczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Human Impact ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Peat Bog ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Raised Bogs ◽  
Arable Fields ◽  
Secondary Habitats ◽  
Habitat Drying

Birch bog is formed on the margins of or within raised bogs, on secondary habitats. The study aim was to understand the vegetation and mycological diversity of birch bog on the background of habitat conditions on raised bogs subject to anthropogenic changes, including 15 areas located on seven bogs. Two of the analyzed areas were located on a peat bog not subject to human impact. Phytosociological and mycosociological relevés were taken and substrate analyses were carried out (pH, humidity, N-NH4, N-NO2, N-NO3 and P-PO4). Based on habitat predictors, two area groups were distinguished, differing primarily in humidity. More humid habitats were present on the margins of bogs, and were characterized by lower acidity and higher N-NH4 and P-PO4 abundance. Despite the fact they were enriched by runoffs from the neighboring arable fields, this was not always reflected in the plant and fungi species richness. Quercus robur appeared on less humid habitats, which may be a symptom of unfavorable changes toward habitat drying. In the majority of cases, changes in the habitat independent of the birch patches located and the human impact type are not yet reflected in the vegetation. However, they may be indicated by the fungal diversity, highest in former peat extraction pits, and lowest in pristine peat.

scholarly journals To What Degree Can the Specifics of Occurrence of Glacial Relic Betula humilis Schrank Be an Indicator of Habitat Conditions of Moderate Climate Peatlands?

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Serafin ◽  
Danuta Urban ◽  
Urszula Bronowicka-Mielniczuk ◽  
Agnieszka Szczurowska
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Habitat Transformation ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Botanical Research ◽  
Betula Humilis ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Moderate Climate

Anthropogenic transformations of habitat conditions in moderate climate peatlands frequently cause a decrease in the number of sites of occurrence and the size of the population of many valuable plant species, including the boreal relic Betula humilis. The objective of this paper was an attempt to relate the specifics of the occurrence of the glacial relic Betula humilis in the peatlands of Central-Eastern Poland, which developed under moderate climate conditions, to the conditions of the natural environment identified through research into the physical and chemical parameters of the groundwater, as well as botanical research into its habitat. The study results confirm that shrub birch has a broad range of ecological tolerance to the majority of the studied factors and can therefore be an indicator of habitat transformation. Important environmental factors affecting its abundance are water relations and the contribution of calcium hydroxide and phosphorus fractions. A condition favouring the proper functioning of individuals of the studied species is TP values lower than other obtained values, in the following range: 0.08–0.32; P-PO4: 0.1; TN: 2.2–21.2; N-NH4: 0.1–0.46; DOC: 24.6–55.9 (mg·dm−3), as well as higher than average pH values, in the following range: 5.34–5.95; Ca: 5.67–28.1; Mg: 0.56–2.41 (mg·dm−3) and EC: 72.1–142.3 (µS·cm−1).

scholarly journals Population resources of an endangered species Salix lapponum L. in Polesie Lubelskie Region (eastern Poland)

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Pogorzelec ◽  
Barbara Banach-Albińska ◽  
Artur Serafin ◽  
Agnieszka Szczurowska
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Peat Bogs ◽  
Peat Bog ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Bog Ecosystems ◽  
Habitat Changes ◽  
Salix Lapponum ◽  
Population Numbers

This research, carried out in the years 2011–2013, aimed to evaluate <em>Salix lapponum</em> stands in the peat bogs of Polesie Lubelskie Region as well as to determine the condition of the population and the changes that have taken place since the 1950’s. An inventory carried out in 25 stands of <em>S. lapponum </em>known from the literature shows that the number of its stands has decreased by 80% in Polesie Lubelskie Region. In all the confirmed locations, a decrease in population numbers was also found in relation to the data known from the literature since the 1950’s. In the majority of the population locations that were considered to be extinct, there were no significant changes in habitat conditions, and ecological succession and changes in hydrological conditions could have been the cause of habitat changes only at a few sites. In the light of the study, the preservation of the <em>S. lapponum </em>population in Polesie Lubelskie seems to be impossible if appropriate active conservation measures are not taken immediately. Because area-based conservation, which covers most of the habitats of the studied species, does not bring the expected results, the possibility of <em>ex situ</em> conservation and enlargement of the populations existing in the natural environment in peat bog ecosystems in Polesie should be explored.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Palaeobotanical Studies of Lacustrine-Peat Bog Sediments from the Mazovian/ Holsteinian Interglacial at the Site of Nowiny Żukowskie (Se Poland) – Preliminary Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-45b ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Hrynowiecka ◽  
Artur Szymczyk
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Peat Bog ◽  
Complete Disappearance ◽  
Plant Macroremains ◽  
Se Poland ◽  
Carex Rostrata ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Betula Humilis

Abstract The environmental variability during the Mazovian/Holsteinian interglacial is better understood thanks to the results of multidisciplinary palaeobotanical studies. The perfectly preserved and abundant material from Nowiny Żukowskie in SE Poland has been the subject of numerous palaeobotanical analyses. The results both of initial pollen analysis and of the examination of plant macroremains provide a detailed view of changes in the palaeoenvironment of this area during the Mazovian/Holsteinian interglacial. Originally, the water basin was mostly the habitat of plants indicative of low trophy. The frequent occurence of swamp plants evidences a change in hydrological and climatic conditions consistent with the intra-interglacial climatic oscillation. In the subsequent part of the optimum, an expansion of swamps with Aracites interglacialis and Dulichium arundinaceum was recorded. The development of a peat bog overgrown by i.a. Sphagnum sp., Eriophorum vaginatum, and Andromeda polifolia was also observed. The growth of swamp and peat vegetation resulted in the nearly complete disappearance of aquatic vegetation, apart from species typical of the climatic optimum of the Mazovian/Holsteinian interglacial: Brasenia borysthenica and Aldrovanda dokturovskyi. The close of the interglacial was marked by the intensive development of peat bog and swamp communities with Carex rostrata, Menyanthes trifoliata, and A. interglacialis. The intensive increase in the number of A. interglacialis during the period described as the “birch oscillation” supports the hypothesis of noticeable changes in hydrological conditions at that time. The end of the described period is typified by a deterioration of climatic conditions, indicated by the increase in values for Betula humilis, B. nana, and Juniperus communis.

scholarly journals Encroachment of woody species on a drained transitional peat bog in ‘Mszar Bogdaniec’ nature reserve (Western Poland)

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin K. Dyderski ◽  
Anna K. Gdula ◽  
Andrzej M. Jagodziński
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Propagule Pressure ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Peat Bog ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Wetland Ecosystems ◽  
Rate Of Succession ◽  
Herb Species ◽  
Better Than

Abstract One of the most important threats for open peat bog ecosystems is encroachment of woody species, which causes transformation of habitat conditions and leads to retreat of specialised species. Drainage increases the rate of succession. The aim of study is the assessment of human-accelerated succession in a transitional bog. The study was conducted in ‘Mszar Bogdaniec’ nature reserve (W Poland). The structure of vegetation and tree stands was described and compared using ordination methods. Near the peat bog border, tree stands of Betula pubescens developed. Towards the middle part of the peat bog, the number, cover and height of trees decreased. The central part of the peat bog was covered by Sphagno recurvi–Eriophoretum vaginati in dryer parts and Sphagno recurvi–Eriophoretum angustifolii in wetter parts. The study showed that the successional sequence in these conditions differs from the classical bog succession scheme. Despite high propagule pressure of Pinus sylvestris, the most important woody species was B. pubescens, which performed better than other species. Erechtites hieracifolia, an alien invasive herb species, which previously was rarely recorded in bogs, appeared when the bog was dried by drainage. In this study, it reached high frequency and abundance, which shows that it may be a next serious threat to disturbed wetland ecosystems.

scholarly journals Secondary succession of trees in the dune landscape of the ‘Glinki’ long-term research area – analysis with GIS

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Sewerniak ◽  
Łukasz Mendyk ◽  
Anna Wyszyńska
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Succession ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
Number Density ◽  
Tree Distribution ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Tree Number ◽  
Main Factor

Abstract The aim of the study was to present the main characteristics of the ‘Glinki’ research area together with results of the first measurements on tree number, density, distribution and species composition carried out in 2011. The research was conducted in a free-of-forest management part of the Toruń military area which is located in one of the biggest inland dune fields of Europe. The ‘Glinki’ research area was established in 2011 and consists of two plots (together 26.3 ha), which are in close proximity to each other. After the last fire in 1991, secondary succession has been the main factor shaping vegetation on both plots. For every plot, the location of all trees of at least 1 m height (560 in plot I and 292 in plot II) was determined. These measurements were subjected to spatial analysis in ArcGIS 9.3 with special emphasis on the exposure of the dune slopes. The main tree species on both plots were Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris, and birch, Betula pendula, (82 % and 17 % of all trees respectively). Tree density 20 years after the last fire was very low (32 trees/ha), which mainly resulted from the lack of a sufficient source of seeds in the close vicinity of the plots during the first years after the fire. We also found that tree distribution was related to the main direction of seed inflow and land relief. Tree density was much higher on dune slopes with a northern exposure when compared to other slope exposures, which resulted from different site conditions on the different slopes.

scholarly journals Population structure of Liparis loeselii (L.) Rich. in relation to habitat conditions in the Warta River valley (Poland)

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Błońska ◽  
Dariusz Halabowski ◽  
Agnieszka Sowa
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Peat Bog ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Demographic Structure ◽  
Percentage Cover ◽  
Liparis Loeselii ◽  
S Poland

Abstract The paper presents results of a study on the population structure of the orchid Liparis loeselii growing in the Warta River valley peat bog in Myszków (Woźnicko-Wieluńska Upland, S. Poland). Individuals of L. loeselii occurred in patches of Menyantho trifoliatae-Sphagnetum teretis and Eleocharitetum pauciflorae – associations. The demographic structure of L. loeselii populations was described by variations in plant height, the length and width of leaves and the number of flowers of the constituting individuals. It was observed that habitat conditions such as conductivity, pH and the percentage cover of tall perennials had the strongest effect on the structure of L. loeselii populations.

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