scholarly journals Flowering dynamics, nectar secretion and insect visitation of Phacelia campanularia A. Gray

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Anna Wróblewska
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Nectar Secretion ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Visitation Rate ◽  
The Third ◽  
Insect Visitation ◽  
Phacelia Campanularia

In the years 2004-2006, flowering dynamics and nectar secretion of <i>Phacelia campanularia</i> A. Gray flowers as well as the insect visitation rate were studied in the climatic conditions of Lublin, Poland. The flowering of phacelia started in the middle of June and lasted for 1.5 up to 2 months. Full bloom occurred between the third and fifth week of the flowering period of this taxon. For the study period, the average weight of nectar produced by 10 flowers was 75.64 mg, weight of sugars 11.31 mg, while their concentration in the nectar was 20.2%. Among the entomofauna foraging on the flowers of phacelia, honey bees were predominant, with their proportion among the pollinators accounting for 84.8%.

ALSIKE CLOVER POLLINATION BY HONEY BEES IN THE PEACE RIVER REGION

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Pankiw ◽  
C. R. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Bumble Bees ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Peace River ◽  
River Region ◽  
Native Pollinator ◽  
Seed Yields

Pollination studies involving zero, one and three colonies of honey bees per acre, on commercial alsike clover fields ranging in size from 15 to 75 acres, were conducted in 1954, 1955, and 1957 in the Hinton Trail district of the Peace River Region of Alberta. These studies indicated that in large fields one colony of honey bees per acre is sufficient to pollinate alsike clover, consideration being given to competition of other crops and to the climatic conditions. The influence of competing crops was such that 65- to 75-acre fields, with one colony per acre, were similar in honey bee populations and seed production to 15- to 20-acre fields with three colonies per acre. Competing plant species accounted for 15 to 36 per cent of the pollen collected by honey bees. Fields with the higher populations of pollinators matured earlier than fields deficient in pollinators. A population of 3400 honey bees per acre (0.7 bee per sq. yd.) throughout the flowering period resulted in seed sets up to 82 per cent and seed yields to 375 lb. per acre. Check fields, where no honey bees were supplied, ranged in production from 29 lb. per acre, with a low native pollinator count, to 293 lb. where a pollinator equivalent of 1300 bumble bees per acre was observed. Bumble bees worked alsike clover at the rate of 28.6 florets per minute, as compared to 20.0 for leaf-cutter bees and 18.7 for honey bees.

scholarly journals Flowering dynamics and pollen production of Laburnum anagyroides Med. under the conditions of south-eastern Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Stawiarz ◽  
Anna Wróblewska
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Pollen Production ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Flowering Duration ◽  
The Third ◽  
Laburnum Anagyroides ◽  
Golden Yellow ◽  
Single Flower ◽  
The Common

Abstract A study on the flowering biology and pollen production of the common laburnum (Laburnum anagyroides Med.) was conducted under the conditions of Lublin during the period 2004 - 2006. The flowering of this species began in the second 10-day period of May and lasted for 2.5 - 4 weeks. The flowers of common laburnum are borne in showy golden-yellow pendulous racemes. They develop successively, starting from the base and moving to the tip of an inflorescence. During the growing season, one shrub produces 800 to 3200 racemes, with 14 to 35 flowers in a single raceme. On average, the flowering duration for a raceme was 12.8 days and 8.7 days for a single flower. Throughout the study years, the shrubs proved to be most attractive in the third 10-day period of May when they reached full bloom. The average weight of pollen produced was 6.08 mg per 10 flowers of Laburnum anagyroides, 14.02 mg per raceme, and 26.0 g per shrub. Pollen grains reached average dimensions of 24.01 μm × 24.26 μm.

Formation of honey bees modern look and their reproduction in the republic of Dagestan

10.12737/6540 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-119
Author(s):  
Гасанов ◽  
Alibulat Gasanov ◽  
Абакарова ◽  
Muslimat Abakarova
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Mountains ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
The Third ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Natural Breeding ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Natural Dispersal

Grey mountain Caucasian bees are of great interest for the selection, as a valuable gene pool of different populations of this race is supported by high mountains and inaccessible gorges of Dagestan, while serving as an isolated mountainous natural breeding areas. The studies were conducted in three different climatic conditions of the republic: the plains, foothills and mountainous areas. In the area of natural dispersal of gray mountain Caucasian bees in Dagestan released several local populations and different backgrounds. Characteristics of the main morphological features of honey bees are the length of proboscis, wing and width of the third tergite and others. These features bees vary, depending on the habitat population. Numerous studies of Dagestan honeybees showed, that the longest proboscis inherent in bees of mountain zone (6.85 ± 0.03 mm). The plain bees have a smaller proboscis (up to 6.71 ± 0.01 mm), and in the foothills bees the proboscis occupies an intermediate position (from 6.69 ± 0.01 to 6.83 ± 0.01 mm). Two other peculiarities (wing length and the third tergite) are subject to variation, depending on the altitude above sea level.

A comparison of flower-visiting insects to rare Symphyotrichum sericeum and common Solidago nemoralis (Asteraceae)

Botany ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Bizecki Robson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Set ◽  
Visitation Rate ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Insect Visitation ◽  
The Common ◽  
Insect Activity ◽  
Flower Visiting ◽  
Common Plant ◽  
Insect Visitors ◽  
Over Time

Flower-visiting insect activity to the rare Symphyotrichum sericeum (Vent.) G.L. Nesom and the common Solidago nemoralis Ait. var. longipetiolata (Mack. & Bush) Pal. & Steyerm. was examined to detect compositional and temporal similarities. A hand pollination experiment was conducted to determine whether pollen was limiting seed set. Of the 31 insect taxa that visited these plants, Bombus bifarius Cresson was the most common visitor to both species. More insect visitors of the Halictidae and Bombyliidae were received by S. sericeum than S. nemoralis, which received more visitors of the Syrphidae and Tachinidae. The insect visitation rate was not significantly different between the two plant species. Solidago nemoralis was visited by fewer insect taxa per day than S. sericeum, but the constancy of its visitors was higher. The insect visitor composition changed over time, with B. bifarius ignoring S. sericeum plants initially, then visiting them more frequently as the number of receptive S. nemoralis capitula declined. Hand pollination increased seed set in the earliest flowering capitula of S. sericeum, but not for those flowering during the peak. This research shows that the quantity of insect visits to the rare plant is comparable with that of the common plant but that pollination quality may be lower, particularly for early blooming capitula.

scholarly journals Camelina (Camelina sativa L. Crantz) Crop Performance, Insect Pollinators, and Pollen Dispersal in the Northeastern US

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Rizzitello ◽  
Chuan-Jie Zhang ◽  
Carol Auer
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Insect Visitation ◽  
Pollinating Insects

AbstractCamelina sativa (camelina) is an oilseed crop in the Brassicaceae that has been genetically engineered for the production of biofuels, dietary supplements, and other industrial compounds. Cultivation in North America is both recent and limited, so there are gaps in knowledge regarding yield, weed competition, and pollen-mediated gene flow. For these experiments, camelina ‘SO-40’ was grown for three years without weed control. Spring-sown camelina was harvested at 80-88 days with ∼1200 growing degree days (GDD) with yields of 425-508 kg/hectare. Camelina yields were the same with or without weeds, showing competitive ability in low-management conditions. Crop failure in 2015 was associated with delayed rainfall and above-average temperatures after seeding. Camelina flowers attracted pollinating insects from the Hymenoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, and Coleoptera. Hymenoptera included honey bees (Apis melifera), mining bees (Andrenidae), sweat bees (Halictidae), bumble bees (Bombus spp.) and leaf cutter bees (Megachilidae). Insect visitation on camelina flowers was associated with modest increases in seed yield. Honey bees comprised 28-33% of all pollinators and were shown to carry camelina pollen on their legs. Air sampling showed that wind-blown pollen was present at low concentrations at 9 m beyond the edges of the field. These experiments demonstrated for the first time that camelina pollen dispersal could occur through honey bees or wind, although bee activity would likely be more significant for long-distance gene flow.

scholarly journals Variability assessment of productivity traits and quality of berries in the genetic collection of garden strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) in the Orenburg region

2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012015
Author(s):  
E V Aminova ◽  
R R Salimova ◽  
O E Merezhko
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Berry Quality ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Productivity Potential

Abstract Nowadays the study of the interrelation of the genotype of strawberry plants in garden and climatic conditions is extremely relevant. Due to the various systems of genetic control and the modifying effects of growing conditions on the manifestation of quantitative traits, there is the need to assess the genotypic variability of economically valuable features, focused on the identification of genotypes characterized by stability and adaptive qualities in growing conditions. The study examined 15 varieties of garden strawberries of domestic and foreign selection. The field experiments and surveys were carried out according to the Program generally accepted in the Russian Federation and methodology for the variety study of fruit, berry and nut crops. We studied such features as the number of peduncles (pcs/bush), number of berries (pcs/bush), average weight of berries (g), total and marketable yield (g/bush), sugar content in berries, soluble solids and ascorbic acid. The purpose of this work was to assess the genotype-year interrelation in terms of the variability of productivity features and berry quality and to identify strawberry varieties with a stable genotype. As a result of two-way analysis of variance for the variety-year interrelation, the obtained values were 1.10-8.50 at standard Fst. - 1.24. Statistically important differences had indicators of productivity of a bush between the first and second clusters (t = 5.89 at p <0.01), the first and third (t = 15.83 at p <0.01), the second and third clusters (t = 8.13 at p <0.01), as well as the average berry weight between the first and third, second and third clusters (t = 15.50 and 6.99 at p <0.01, respectively). Significant differences in the value of the Euclidean distance were revealed for varieties Mishutka (54.5), Daryonka (54.5), Pervoklassnitsa (58) realizing their productivity potential in different years of cultivation.

scholarly journals Effect of pesticide Glyphosate Aqua in liver enzymes activity of Barbus sharpeyi

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-246
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Fish Nutrition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
The Third ◽  
Nutrition Research ◽  
Barbus Sharpeyi ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
And Control

The present study was designed in the aquaculture and fish nutrition research aquarium in the College of Veterinary Medicine/Baghdad University from a period 1/3 to 1/6/2013 to investigate the toxicity of the herbicide glyphosate aqua on Barbus sharpeyi fish. Fish fingerlings were used with average weight between 10 – 15 gm to measure the (LC50), and 200 fingerlings were used to know the acute and chronic toxic effect for the herbicide. The fingerlings were randomly distributed as 10 fish for each aquarium. Fish were divided into four treatments and control group (without addition of herbicide). The first processing with a concentration of 0.415 mg/L for a duration of exposure 90 days, the second processing group with a concentration 0.415 mg/L for 15 days, while the third group was treated with 0.207 mg/L of the herbicide for a duration of exposure, the forth group was exposed to 0.207 mg/L for 15 days only. The study aimed to determine the extent of the effect of the pesticide in the activity of liver enzymes, which included Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Aspartate amino transfers (AST) and Alanine amino transfers (ALT). The results of biochemical tests for liver enzymes to fish experience has shown a rise in activity of enzymes which increased with duration of exposure. The first and the third treatments has a significant differences (P ?0.05) compared with control group. Results of the experiment to improvement in the health status of fish in second and forth treatments compared to control group.

scholarly journals Adaptation productive de la race Nélore au ranch Kila République du Congo

2021 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 16204-16212
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Dimorphisme Sexuel ◽  
Sont Respectivement ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
First Time ◽  
Difference Effect

Objectif : La présente étude a pour objectif d’évaluer les paramètres de production des animaux Nélores afin d’améliorer la conduite de ces derniers élevés pour la première fois au Congo. Méthodologie et résultats : Des données portant sur le poids des veaux de la naissance à 7 mois, le gain moyen quotidien des veaux, les poids post sevrages de 12 à 36 mois, les poids moyens et les rendements à l’abattage, ont été collectées sur 40 veaux, 40 vêlles, 80 taurillons, 42 génisses et 78 taureaux. Les animaux ont été nourries d’herbes telles que Bulbostylis laniceps, Trachypogon spicatus, Ctenium newtonii, Hyparrhenia wombaliensis sur pâturages naturel et Panicum massaye, Brachiara brizenta, Brachiara omidicola, Bracharia Laneiro sur pâturages artificiel. Leur alimentation a été supplémentée par le complément minérale azoté vitaminé et complément minéral vitaminé. Les veaux naissent avec un poids 27,97±0,58 kg contre 26,88±0,61 kg pour les vêlles. Les mâles naissent plus lourds que les femelles. Cet effet d’écart de poids s’amplifie jusqu’au 7è mois où l’on enregistre 140,63±1,20 kg et 131,45±3,41 kg respectivement pour les mâles et femelles, le dimorphisme sexuel est bien prononcé. Les gains moyens quotidiens des mâles et femelles de la naissance au sevrage sont respectivement de 536,48g/j et 497,95g/j. Le suivi post sevrage montre que les Nélores mâles et femelles atteignent 171,37±4,78 kg et 158,44±13,11kg à 12 mois. Ce poids est de 349,96±8,82 kg et 289,23±29,16 kg et de 418,97± 25,84 kg et 333,67±33,12 kg respectivement pour les mâles et femelles à 24 et 36 mois. Les animaux sont abattus à l’âge de 60 ± 6,3 mois avec un poids moyen de 484,64±23,4 kg. Le rendement net à l’abattage est de 55,5±18,7%. Conclusion et application des résultats : l’adaptation productive des Nélores aux espèces fourragères du ranch Kila prouve qu’ils s’adaptent bien aux conditions climatiques du Congo et constitue un atout considérable pour le développement de l’élevage bovin au Congo. Mots clés : Adaptation, Productive, Condition climatique, Nélore, Congo ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the production parameters of Nélores animals in order to improve the behavior of the latter reared for the first time in Congo. Methodology and results: Data on the weight of calves from birth to 7 months, average daily gain of calves, post-weaning weights from 12 to 36 months, average weights and slaughter yields were collected. on 40 Dimi Ngatse et al., J. Appl. Biosci. 2021 Adaptation productive de la race Nélore au ranch Kila République du Congo 16205 calves, 40 calves, 80 bulls, 42 heifers and 78 bulls. The animals were fed grasses such as Bulbostylis laniceps, Trachypogon spicatus, Ctenium newtonii, Hyparrhenia wombaliensis on natural pastures and Panicum massaye, Brachiara brizenta, Brachiara omidicola, Bracharia Laneiro on artificial pastures. Their diet was supplemented by the vitamin nitrogen mineral supplement and vitamin mineral supplement. Calves are born with a weight of 27.97 ± 0.58 kg against 26.88 ± 0.61 kg for calves. Males are born heavier than females. This weight difference effect is amplified until the 7th month when 140.63 ± 1.20 kg and 131.45 ± 3.41 kg are recorded respectively for males and females, the sexual dimorphism is quite pronounced. . The average daily gains of males and females from birth to weaning are respectively 536.48g / d and 497.95g / d. Post-weaning monitoring shows that male and female Nelores reach 171.37 ± 4.78 kg and 158.44 ± 13.11 kg at 12 months. This weight is 349.96 ± 8.82 kg and 289.23 ± 29.16 kg and 418.97 ± 25.84 kg and 333.67 ± 33.12 kg respectively for males and females at 24 and 36 month. The animals are slaughtered at the age of 60 ± 6.3 months with an average weight of 484.64 ± 23.4 kg. The net slaughter yield is 55.5 ± 18.7%. Conclusion and application of the results: The productive adaptation of the Nelores to the forage species of the Kila ranch proves that they adapt well to the climatic conditions of Congo and constitutes a considerable asset for the development of cattle breeding in Congo. Keywords : Adaptation, Productive, Climatic condition, Nélore, Congo

The impact of temperature and precipitation changes on honey bees (Apis mellifera) in the Aegean region under future climate scenarios

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim van der Schriek ◽  
Gianna Kitsara ◽  
Konstantinos V. Varotsos ◽  
Christos Giannakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Extreme Temperatures ◽  
Foraging Activity ◽  
Colony Losses ◽  
Aegean Region ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Heat Extremes

&lt;p&gt;The Aegean region (Greece) preserves a wide genetic diversity amongst the honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) of its many islands and supports an important bee keeping industry. However, sector-specific regional impact studies, based on the latest high-resolution regional climate models (RCMs), are urgently required for developing successful local adaptation strategies for beekeeping and to preserve biodiversity under future climate change scenarios.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We evaluated direct climate change impacts on honey bees in the Aegean region through novel threshold temperature and precipitation indices, linked to critical bee behavior and colony mortality. There are strong relationships between ambient temperature and key bee colony behavior such as, for example, nest thermo-humidity regulation, annual population variability and foraging. Additionally, dry conditions and heatwaves have been empirically linked to declines in colony food stores and increased colony mortality rates. Impact projections used simulated temperature and precipitation data from an ensemble of seven RCMs under the medium (RCP4.5) and high (RCP8.5) emission scenarios for the control- (1971-2000), near future- (2031-2060) and distant future (2071-2100) periods. Simulated data were bias-adjusted using the long-term meteorological record of Naxos Island (central Aegean).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Overheating in summer constitutes a major challenge to nest temperature regulation. Thermal and humidity conditions are well-regulated in bee nests given their importance for colony health. Brood must remain at 33-36 &lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;C and experience high relative humidity for proper development. Bees tend to start cooling nests when ambient temperatures are &gt;25 &lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;C. Evaporative cooling using water is of critical importance with temperatures above 35 &lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;C and is remarkably effective in stabilising nest temperature at 36 &lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;C, even as ambient temperatures are &gt;60 &lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;C. Thermoregulation is highly demanding, and brood is mainly reared during optimum periods with no/low need of regulation. Sustained high temperatures &gt;40-45 &lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;C cause significant colony losses. The highest foraging activity takes place in the temperature range from 12-25&lt;sup&gt; o&lt;/sup&gt;C, whereas there is no activity &lt;7&lt;sup&gt; o&lt;/sup&gt;C and &gt;43&lt;sup&gt; o&lt;/sup&gt;C. Winter colony mortality rates increase when the spring flowering period experiences very low rainfall and extreme temperatures.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Future climatic change projections show significant increases in seasonal temperatures and days without precipitation, which will negatively affect the region&amp;#8217;s bees. More frequent and severe heat-extremes will characterize seasons from spring to autumn, forcing bee colonies to cool their nests more intensively. Meanwhile, the availability of water and nectar (used for evaporative cooling) will decrease during extreme warm-dry events. The increase in heat extremes will likely lead to increased colony losses. Temperatures within the range for optimal foraging activity are less likely to occur during the flowering period. Finally, years with spring seasons characterized by very low rainfall and extreme temperatures will become more frequent in the future which may result in increased winter mortality rates.&lt;/p&gt;

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