scholarly journals Some notes on China aster (Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees) with particular attention paid to the changeability of florets and inflorescences in view of the so far used descriptions

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-251
Author(s):  
Alicja Wosińska
Keyword(s):  
Wild Form ◽  
China Aster ◽  
Ray Florets ◽  
Basic Vocabulary

The paper is mostly devoted to the variability of florets and heads in <i>Callistephus sp</i>.- in its wild form and cultivated varieties. Describing the variability of heads more attention was paid to florets and specially ray florets including rare and often incorrectly described florets with tubular corollas. Attention was called to the necessity of using univocal and generally accepted basic vocabulary for heterogamic heads.

scholarly journals Ray florets with closed tubular corollas (RC type), tubular-ligulated (RJ type) and ligulated (J type) in China aster (Callistephus chinensis (L.)Nees). Heredity

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-112
Author(s):  
Alicja Wosińska
Keyword(s):  
New Type ◽  
China Aster ◽  
Ray Florets

The improper description and classification of two Polish cultivars of China aster ('Roma' and 'Srebrzysta Gwiazdka') were corrected. A new type of ray florets with tubular-ligulated (RJ type) and closed tubular (RC type) corollas was described. The type of heredity of the above mentioned types of florets and florets with ligulated corollas was determined. The work is based on our own material: radiomutant MG and its offspring as well as the F<sub>1 </sub; and F<sub>2 </sub; generations of hybrids obtained after crossing three cultivars: 'Goplana' x 'Roma' and 'Goplana' x 'Srebrzysta Gwiazdka' (i.e. J type x RC type). It was observed that the RJ type of corollas did not remain in the type. In the offspring of plants with such florets, always three types of segregants were present: plants with ray florets with ligulated, tubular - ligulated and tubular corollas. It was proved that it corresponds to the 1 :2: 1 ratio. It means that the formation of the RJ type corollas results from the presence of both alleles in the heterozygote. It was proposed to mark the gene conditioning the ligulated corolla form with the symbol L<sub>t</sub; (from Liguliformes) and the total corolla accretion with the symbol l<sub>1 </sub;. Thus the described phenotypes correspond to the following genotypes: L<sub>t</sub;L<sub>t</sub; - determines the appearance of ligulated corollas, L<sub>t</sub;l<sub>t</sub; - tubular - ligulated corollas and l<sub>t</sub;l<sub>t</sub; - closed tubular corollas.

scholarly journals New form of China aster (Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees). Structure and biology of ray florets with open tubular corollas (type RO)

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Alicja Wosińska
Keyword(s):  
Number Of Teeth ◽  
New Type ◽  
China Aster ◽  
Ray Florets ◽  
New Form ◽  
Head Type

A radiomutant of China aster with a new type of head and new type of ray florets was described. All florets in the head were bisexual and tubular although dimorphic - they varied in size and colour. The place of ray florets in the head was taken by bisexual open tubular florets which were often crowned with irregular teeth. Disc florets were short and parchment-like. In both types of florets the following were compared: number and size of stamens, vitality of pollen and floret fertility. A number of teeth (lobes) in the corolIas of disc florets was also determined. Attention was also paid to the frequently observed anomalies and in particular to stamen displation. The problem is discussed of whether the obtained form resulted from mutation of disc florets with the simultaneous mutation of factors determining the so far unknown in China aster the head type without the whorl ofray florets or whether it was a mutation of ray flowers (corolla type and androecium formation). The author presents the opinion that the form resulted from the mutation ligulate of ray florets to the type of florets described above.

scholarly journals New form of China aster (Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees). Structure and biology of ray florets with open tubular corollas (type RO)

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-140
Author(s):  
Alicja Wosińska
Keyword(s):  
Number Of Teeth ◽  
New Type ◽  
China Aster ◽  
Ray Florets ◽  
New Form ◽  
Head Type

A radiomutant of China aster with a new type of head and new type of ray florets was described. All florets in the head were bisexual and tubular although dimorphic - they varied in size and colour. The place of ray florets in the head was taken by bisexual open tubular florets which were often crowned with irregular teeth. Disc florets were short and parchment-like. In both types of florets the following were compared: number and size of stamens, vitality of pollen and floret fertility. A number of teeth (lobes) in the corolIas of disc florets was also determined. Attention was also paid to the frequently observed anomalies and in particular to stamen displation. The problem is discussed of whether the obtained form resulted from mutation of disc florets with the simultaneous mutation of factors determining the so far unknown in China aster the head type without the whorl ofray florets or whether it was a mutation of ray flowers (corolla type and androecium formation). The author presents the opinion that the form resulted from the mutation ligulate of ray florets to the type of florets described above.

Networks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Thurner ◽  
Rudolf Hanel ◽  
Peter Klimekl
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Complex Networks ◽  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Community Detection ◽  
Network Science ◽  
Small World ◽  
Small World Networks ◽  
Multilayer Networks ◽  
Basic Vocabulary

Understanding the interactions between the components of a system is key to understanding it. In complex systems, interactions are usually not uniform, not isotropic and not homogeneous: each interaction can be specific between elements.Networks are a tool for keeping track of who is interacting with whom, at what strength, when, and in what way. Networks are essential for understanding of the co-evolution and phase diagrams of complex systems. Here we provide a self-contained introduction to the field of network science. We introduce ways of representing and handle networks mathematically and introduce the basic vocabulary and definitions. The notions of random- and complex networks are reviewed as well as the notions of small world networks, simple preferentially grown networks, community detection, and generalized multilayer networks.

scholarly journals Usage of Terms “Science” and “Scientific Knowledge” in Nature of Science (NOS): Do Their Lexicons in Different Accounts Indicate Shared Conceptions?

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Ismo T. Koponen
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Nature Of Science ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Social Embeddedness ◽  
Focal Points ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
Network Approach ◽  
Basic Vocabulary ◽  
Common Understanding

Nature of science (NOS) has been a central theme in science education and research on it for nearly three decades, but there is still debate on its proper focus and underpinnings. The focal points of these debates revolve around different ways of understanding the terms “science” and “scientific knowledge”. It is suggested here that the lack of agreement is at least partially related to and reflected as a lack of common vocabulary and terminology that would provide a shared basis for finding consensus. Consequently, the present study seeks motivation from the notions of centrality of lexicons in recognizing the identity of disciplinary communities and different schools of thought within NOS. Here, by using a network approach, we investigate how lexicons used by different authors to discuss NOS are confluent or divergent. The lexicons used in these texts are investigated on the basis of a network analysis. The results of the analysis reveal clear differences in the lexicons that are partially related to differences in views, as evident from the debates surrounding the consensus NOS. The most divergent views are related to epistemology, while regarding the practices and social embeddedness of science the lexicons overlap significantly. This suggests that, in consensus NOS, one can find much basis for converging views, with common understanding, where constructive communication may be possible. The basic vocabulary, in the form of a lexicon, can reveal much about the different stances and the differences and similarities between various disciplinary schools. The advantage of such an approach is its neutrality and how it keeps a distance from preferred epistemological positions and views of nature of knowledge.

The flower "Stock": A wild form of it

1935 ◽  
Vol CLXVIII (jun15) ◽  
pp. 423-423
Author(s):  
H. H.
Keyword(s):  
Wild Form

Introduction to Recombinant DNA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-411
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Cederbaum
Keyword(s):  
Inborn Errors Of Metabolism ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Phenylalanine Hydroxylase ◽  
Professional Lives ◽  
Recombinant Dna Technology ◽  
Inborn Errors ◽  
Dna Technology ◽  
Basic Vocabulary ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Many

Seldom has a scientific or biomedical break-through evoked the awe, controversy, or sheer incredulity that has accompanied the developments in the field of recombinant DNA technology or more popularly, gene cloning and genetic engineering. Now little more than one generation after Avery, et al1 demonstrated that genes were encoded in DNA and Watson and Crick2 interpreted the structure of these molecules, genes are being cut, manipulated, and recombined to produce unprecedented new insights into genetics and molecular biology and the prospect of gene therapy. These developments have not occurred without anxiety to both scientists and laymen. At the moment, neither the most apocalyptic fears nor the most optimistic dreams appear to be imminent, although I believe that the dreams are closer to fulfillment than the fears. Recombinant DNA technology is already having great impact in hematology, oncology, endocrinology, immunology, and infectious disease and will soon play an important role in other medical subspecialities as well. In none, however, will it have quite the same impact as in genetics because DNA is the material that genetics "is all about." The cloning and study of phenylalanine hydroxylase is one of the first instances in which this technology has important implications in the diseases traditionally classified as inborn errors of metabolism. In order to understand and appreciate the presentation by Woo on phenylalanine hydroxylase as well as the many future papers that will play so vital a role in all of our professional lives, it is necessary to acquire the basic vocabulary of the field.

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