scholarly journals Diurnal variations of airborne fungal spores concentration in the town and rural area

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 395-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idalia Kasprzyk
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Diurnal Periodicity ◽  
Airborne Spores ◽  
Airborne Fungal Spores ◽  
Allergenic Fungi ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
The Town ◽  
Very High

Airborne fungal spores were monitored in 2001-2002 in Rzeszów (town) and its neighborhood. The aim of investigations was to ascertain if there were differences in diurnal variations of airborne fungal spores concentration between town and rural area. The sampling was carried out using volumetric method. Traps were located at the same heights - app. 12 m. Airborne spores were sampled continuously. Microscopical slides were prepared for each day. Analysis was carried out on one longitudinal band of 48 mm long divided into 24 segments corresponding following hours of day. The results were expressed as mean number of fungal spores per cubic meter per 24 hours. For this survey, five geni of allergenic fungi were selected: <i>Alternaria</i>, <i>Botrytis</i>, <i>Cladosporium</i>, <i>Epicoccum</i>, <i>Ganoderma</i>. The concentrations of their airborne spores were high or very high. It was calculated theoretical day, where the hourly count was the percentage mean of number of spores at that time every chosen day without rainfall from 2001 and 2001 years. The diurnal periodicity of <i>Alternaria</i>, <i>Cladosporium</i>, <i>Epicoccum</i> and <i>Ganoderma</i> showed one peak, while <i>Botrytis</i> two. Anamorphic spores peaked in the afternoon, while their minima occurred in the morning. The highest concentrations of <i>Ganoderma</i> basidiospores were at down or at night, but minima during the day. There were no clear differences in the peak values between two studied sites. The results indicate that maximum concentrations of all spores generally occurred a few hour earlier in the rural area than in the town. Probably, in the rural area airborne spores came from many local sources and their diurnal periodicity reflected rhythm of spore liberation. Towns are characterized by specific microclimate with higher temperature and wind blowing to the centre. In Rzeszów fungal spores could be transported outside and carried out by wind from distant sources. This study showed, among others, that habitat conditions are an important factors influenced diurnal periodicity of airborne fungal spores.

Airborne fungal spores in an industrial area: seasonal and diurnal periodicity

Aerobiologia ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bijaya Kumar Nayak ◽  
Anima Nanda ◽  
Narayan Behera
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Diurnal Periodicity ◽  
Airborne Fungal Spores

scholarly journals Hyperfine structure in the arc spectrum of cæsium and nuclear rotation

1928 ◽  
Vol 121 (787) ◽  
pp. 432-447 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hyperfine Structure ◽  
Nuclear Spin ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Principal Series ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Nuclear Rotation ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mechanical Moment ◽  
Very High

The arc spectrum of cæsium was investigated with the object of finding whether any of its lines possessed hyperfine structure, resulting from a nuclear magnetic moment, due to a quantised nuclear spin. The lines belonging to the principal series should, owing to the greater degree of penetration of the electron in the (1 s or 6 1 ) orbit, and the correspondingly greater interaction, show the greatest effect. The lines of the principal series are very easily broadened if the vapour pressure of the metal becomes high, so that great care had to be used in obtaining the spectrum of cæsium at a sufficiently low temperature. The most satisfactory method of excitation was found to be the application by means of external electrodes of a very high frequency alternating current to a tube filled with helium at about 2 mm. pressure containing a small quantity of cæsium. The tube required slight heating to bring out the cæsium lines; without this the helium spectrum was very much stronger than the metallic spectrum. At a very low vapour pressures of cæsium the discharge was blue in colour. Under these conditions the lines of the principal series showed no broadening greater than that due to thermal agitation, but at a slightly higher temperature the colour of the discharge became purple and the lines broadened. The lines belonging to the principal series were found to be very close doublets with very nearly constant frequencies differences. A theory is worked out which explains the origin of these doublets, assuming a nuclear spin of one half quantum; by correlating the difference in the separation of the hyperfine structure doublets in the 1 s — m 2 p 3/2 lines and the 1 s — m 2 p 1/2 lines, it is shown that a ratio of the magnetic to the mechanical moment of the nucleus about twice as great as the corresponding ratio for the electron would account for the observed frequency differences. The spectral notation used throughout is that of Hund. The results are compared with those found for the hyperfine structure of some of the bismuth lines by Back and Goudsmid, and are found to be in satisfactory agreement. A selection principle is found which applies both to the bismuth and the cæsium spectrum.

Airborne fungal spores in a sawmill environment in Palakkad District, Kerala, India

Aerobiologia ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padmanabhan S. Jothish ◽  
Themath Soman Nayar
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Airborne Fungal Spores

Airborne fungal spores, pollen grains, and vegetable cells in routine Papanicolaou smears

2004 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 381-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Martínez-Girón ◽  
Andrés Ribas-Barceló ◽  
M Teresa García-Miralles ◽  
Dolores López-Cabanilles ◽  
M Luisa Tamargo-Peláez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Airborne Fungal Spores ◽  
Papanicolaou Smears

scholarly journals Allergenic fungal spores in the air of urban parks

Aerobiologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idalia Kasprzyk ◽  
Agnieszka Grinn-Gofroń ◽  
Agata Ćwik ◽  
Katarzyna Kluska ◽  
Paloma Cariñanos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Urban Parks ◽  
Volumetric Method ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Seasonal Occurrence ◽  
Aerobiological Monitoring ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Airborne Fungal Spores ◽  
Burkard Sampler

Abstract Urban green spaces, especially urban parks, are essential for the proper functioning of cities, but they can be a serious source of airborne fungal spores. Aerobiological monitoring was carried out in urban parks of different typology to estimate the risk associated with fungal spores for citizens. Volumetric method was applied with the use of portable Burkard Sampler. In the air of the studied parks, the most dominant spores are strong allergenic or considered as potentially allergenic. Cladosporium spores were found in enormous concentrations in all studied parks, and it affected the low biodiversity of fungal spores in the parks. Compared to Cladosporium, concentrations of Alternaria spores in the air were several dozen times lower, but still a risk for people who are allergic. The fungal spores spectra and their seasonal occurrence in each park were similar. The highest similarities in the patterns of the season were found in the case of Cladosporium, Alternaria, Epicoccum, and the lowest in the case of Torula and Drechslera type. Due to the fact that allergy sufferers are most often polysensitized, the period when they should limit long visits in the urban parks is July–August, when the concentration of allergenic fungal spores of many taxa is the highest.

Diversity and abundance of airborne fungal spores in a rural cold dry desert environment in Argentinean Patagonia

2019 ◽  
Vol 665 ◽  
pp. 513-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Virginia Temperini ◽  
María Luisa Franchi ◽  
Martha Elizabeth Benavides Rozo ◽  
Mariana Greco ◽  
Alejandro Guillermo Pardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Desert Environment ◽  
Argentinean Patagonia ◽  
Airborne Fungal Spores
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