scholarly journals Stem base diseases of winter wheat grown after forecrops of the family Brassicaceae

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Majchrzak ◽  
Bogusław Chodorowski ◽  
Adam Okorski
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Stem Base ◽  
False Flax ◽  
The Family ◽  
Sanitary State

A study into the sanitary state of roots and culm base of winter wheat was carried out in 1999-2002 in the Production and Experimental Station in Bałcyny near Ostróda. Experimental wheat was cultivated after spring cross plants such as spring oilseed rape (<i>Brassica napus</i> ssp. <i>oleiferus</i> Metz.), white mustard (<i>Sinapis alba</i> L), chinese mustard (<i>Brassica juncea</i> L.), oleiferous radish (<i>Raphanus sativus</i> var. <i>oleiferus</i> L.), false flax (<i>Camelina sativa</i> L.), crambe (<i>Crambe abbysinica</i> Hoechst.) and after oats (<i>Avena sativa</i> L.) as a control. The other experimental factor was the method of after-harvest residue management, i.e. ploughing in the stubble, ploughing in the stubble and straw, ploughing in the stubble and straw with nitrogen added. The occurrence of root rot and stem base diseases was affected by weather conditions and forecrop species. Winter wheat roots were attacked to the lowest degree when spring rape and radish were used as forecrops, and to the highest degree - when grown after oat. The culm base was most intensely infected with fusarium foot rot (<i>Fusarium</i> spp.). The remaining root-rot diseases occurred every year but with different intensity. The method of utilization of after-harvest residues did not have a clear effect on the intensity of infection of the roots and culm base of winter wheat.

scholarly journals Comprehensive protection of winter wheat from harmful organisms of agrocenosis in the zone of the Polissya of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
A. Bakalova ◽  
N. Gritsyuk ◽  
O. Derechа
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Fusarium Root Rot ◽  
Stem Base ◽  
Insecticidal Action ◽  
Harmful Organisms ◽  
Substance Treatment ◽  
Control Variant ◽  
Wheat Seeds

Goal. To study influence of complex application of fungicidal, insecticidal action on the dynamics of the number of harmful organisms and fusarium root rot on winter wheat crops under the conditions of the Polissya of Ukraine. Method. The research was carried out during 2015—2017 on the experimental field of ZNAEU with. Greater Gorbash Chernyakhivsky area Zhytomyr region. The cultivation of winter wheat was carried out in accordance with the Polissya zone of Ukraine. Sizes of experimental sites 50 m2, repetition — four times. The research was carried out on two backgrounds of mineral nutrition — F1 — N150P60K100, F2 — N210P84K140 of the active substance. Treatment of wheat seeds with fungicidal and insecticidal preparations was carried out one day before sowing. The accounting of damage to wheat plants by the dominant pests was carried out from the IV stage of organogenesis by the method of recording areas using the framework imposed on the plants. The accounting for fusarium root rot was carried out in the phase of full ripeness before harvesting. Samples of plants for analysis were excavated from two adjacent rows of 0.5 m and recorded on a scale: 0 points — the plant did not affect; 1 point — defeat to 30% of the roots and up to 50% of the stem base; 2 points — defeat 30—60% of the roots and more than 50% of the stem base; 3 points — defeat more than 60% of the roots. Results. As a result of research on winter wheat crops, where N150P60K100 of active ingredient (F1) was introduced, the number of cicadas changed from 28 to 92 spe/ m², corn flies decreased by 56 spe/m², corn aphids decreased by 40 spe/ m². its population for the complex processing of seeds Gaucho Plus 466 FS, TH (0.6 l/t) + Lamardor 400 FS, TH (0.2 l/t) + MikoHelp (1.0 l/t). The spread of fusarium root decreased by 22—23%, development — by 2.5—2.8% compared with the control variant. At higher levels of mineral nutrition N210P84K140 the grain yield increases from 3.5 to 5.8 t/ha, and the increase in yield was from 0.73 to 2.25 t/ha, which is 0.4 t/ha more than in the background of 1 in option Gaucho Plus 466 FS, TH (0.6 l/t) + Lamardor 400 FS, TH (0.2 l/t) + MikoHelp (1.0 l/t). Conclusions. Complex treatment of seeds with fungicidal and insecticidal preparations contributed to a decrease in the number of plant phytophages and a decrease in winter wheat damage by fusarium root rot. The combination of different standards of mineral nutrition and tank mixes for seed drilling improved the characteristics of the structure of the crop. The highest increment of yield was obtained at elevated norms of mineral nutrition N210P84K140 in combination with the use of a mixture of drugs Gaucho Plus 466 FS, TH (0.6 l/t) + Lamardor 400 FS, TH (0.2 l/t) + MikoHelp (1.0 l/t), which was 2.25 t/ ha compared with the control variant.

STUDIES ON THE ETIOLOGY OF A ROOT ROT OF WINTER WHEAT IN SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Benedict ◽  
W. B. Mountain
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Lesion Nematode

The fungus Rhizoctonia solani Kühn and the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus minyus Sher & Allen were closely and consistently associated in naturally occurring infections of winter wheat. The resultant root rot was characterized by markedly yellowed and stunted patches of plants in the wheat fields during spring growth. In greenhouse and field experiments the combined effects of the fungus and the nematode upon growth of the wheat was almost twice as great as the effect produced when either pathogen was controlled by a selective soil treatment. By pure culture techniques it was not possible to show that in the penetration of wheat roots the fungus was dependent upon the nematode or that the converse was true.

scholarly journals Biodiversity of the Fusarium fungi causing root rot of winter cereals in Belarus

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-127
Author(s):  
N. A. Krupenko* ◽  
S. F. Buga ◽  
A. G. Zhukovskiy ◽  
I. N. Odintsova ◽  
A. A. Zhukovskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time ◽  
Fusarium Fungi

Fusarium fungi are the main causal agents of root rot of winter cereals in Belarus. As many as 12 different species were identified, with occurrence being dependent on the cereal host species and weather conditions during the growing season. Lack of precipitation from April to July led to decreasing fungal biodiversity. Fusarium pathogen complex on wheat roots was formed by F. culmorum, F. avenaceum, F. equiseti, F. oxysporum, whereas F. equiseti and F. oxysporum prevailed on triticale and rye, and F. solani, F. avenaceum and F. equiseti dominated on barley root systems. The infestation of root with F. oxysporum increased under dry conditions. In contrast, F. culmorum was isolated from root system of wheat and triticale more frequently when rainfall was sufficient. For the first time, F. cerealis and F. tricinctum were isolated from triticale, and F. cerealis from rye only, in the Republic of Belarus.

scholarly journals Defeat by fusarium root rot in different areas of winter wheat cultivation in 1987—2015

2019 ◽  
pp. 17-34
Author(s):  
I. Bakai ◽  
S. Mykhailenko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Fusarium Root Rot ◽  
The Right

Goal. Determine the relationship between weather conditions, the development of root rot and winter wheat yield in spring and summer; assess the harmfulness of winter wheat diseases, crop losses depending on growing conditions and the effectiveness of seed disinfectants. Methods. Diseases were recorded according to generally accepted methods. Harmfulness of fusarium root rot was determined by the scale of VIZR with the addition of V.F. Peresypkin and V.M. Pidoplichko. Yield losses from disease were calculated from regression equations. The research factors were evaluated by mathematical and statistical methods: moisture supply, level of root rot development, yield by years and their dependence on hydrothermal parameters for the period IV—VI (April — June). Results. It was found that in moderately humid years, on land, in the Right Bank Steppe, with higher rates of SCC (1.31), precipitation (48.9 mm) and disease development (15.7%), but at lower temperatures (14.9°С), the yield of winter wheat was 4.13 t/ha. In dry years, when the air temperature was higher (16.7°С), and all other indicators are much lower (SCC 0.66, precipitation 31.4 mm, the development of root rot 6.1%), the yield was 3.50 t/ ha. On an artificial infectious background in the area of — the Right Bank Steppe with an average development of brown rust of 2.0%, yields of 4.70 t/ha, yield losses amounted to 0.06 t/ha, and in natural conditions, on land, with the development of the disease 7.9%, yields 3.89 t/ha, harmfulness 4.8%, yield losses were 0.19 t/ha. In 1987—1991, with the development of powdery mildew 3.1%, yield 3.9 t/ha, on land yield losses (estimated) amounted to 0.06 t/ha. Conclusions. Based on regression analysis, a close curvilinear relationship between the intensity of root rot, leaf diseases and a decrease in grain weight in the ear was established. The possibility of determining the losses of winter wheat from diseases and the potential effect of agronomic measures aimed at eliminating the harmful effects of diseases is proved.

scholarly journals Stem base rot of winter wheat by Fusarium spp. - causes and effects

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Narkiewicz-Jodko ◽  
Zygmunt Gil ◽  
Marek Urban
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Stem Base ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Weed Infestation

The aim of the work was to determine the influence of weather conditions and a degree of weed infestation on the incidence of stem bases rot (<i>Fusarium</i> spp.) of winter wheat cultivars as well as their yield. The winter wheat cultivars (Kobra, Korweta, Mikon, Zyta) were investigated (2000-2002) in the field where the following herbicides: Apyros 75 WG + Atpolan, Affinity 50,75 WG, Attribut 70 WG were applied. It has been shown the occurrence of stem base rot (<i>Fusarium</i> spp.) depended mainly on weather conditions. The application of the herbicides improved the plant health. The stem base rot on winter wheat was caused by <i>Fusarium</i> spp., specially <i>F. culmorum</i>. The decrease in winter wheat yield depended on weather conditions, weed infestation and the occurrence of stem base rot (<i>Fusarium</i> spp.).

Relevant issues of land reclamation development in Non-black Earth area

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Georgiy Gulyuk ◽  
Aleksey Ivanov ◽  
Yuri Yanko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Edible Roots ◽  
Social Economic Development

Current situation and agricultural management on the non-black earth area of Russia arebeing gradually worsen by the negative natural factors such as a significant increase of weather based climatic abnormal risks, deterioration of agro-meliorative conditions of agricultural lands because of colonization by tree and shrubbery vegetation and secondary bog formation, hidden degradation of soil fertility. When combined with functional loss of ameliorative complex and meliorative systems amortization, regional agriculture adaptation possibilities were rapidly limited. Production shortfall due no abnormal weather conditions for particular field crops was 19…48% during last five years, level of business realization of bioclimatic potential on a field was decreased by 7…12%.The complete realization of regional agricultural adaptive potential to weather based climatic changes and limitation of greenhouse gases emissions is possible on a basis of regeneration ofalll functions and aspects of ameliorative complex management. Toward this goal the coordinated actions of federal and regional management of Agricultural Complex, Scientific and Educational institutions, project foundations and managers are needed in a relation to human resources, scientific and regulatory supply. Any incomplete treatment in these fields inherent in visual negative consequences for food security and social economic development of rural areas of non-black earth zones not only at the current historical moment, but in a future also. Fundamental influence of solving of these problems deserves to scientific supply of innovative ameliorative complex, renewal of which should be based on principals of resources and energy preservation, nature management, computerization and digitalization management. During a long term research it was established that increase of average vegetation period temperature by lоСhas increased productivity of winter wheat, barley and summer wheat in average on 0,7 tons per ha, winter wheat and oat on 0,4 tons per ha, potatoes – 8,2 tons per ha, edible roots-6,4 tons per ha, cabbage 9,8 tons per ha, dry basis of herbage of multi and one age grasses–0,5 and 0,7 tons per ha. Increase of СО2 Concentration from 0,35 to 0,45% during last twenty years contributed into grow of yield in regional agriculture which can be estimated as 0,3 tons per ha per measure; searching remedy for agroclimatical risks decreasing production became drainage and irrigation systems (decrease 3…5 times);new method of reclamation of abandoned areas with transformation of biomass of tree and shrubbery vegetation into biochar makes it possible to decrease СО2 emissions up to times and get an adverse balance of СО2;secondary reclamation of lands covered by trees and shrubbery on area of 22ha used for vegetables and area of 37ha used for forage crops could supply a farmer with work and revenue sufficient for maintenance of one child what is on the major facts of population declaim in rural areas.

Effect of precursors, fertilizers and soil cultivation on the phytosanitary condition of winter wheat crops in the zone of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (92) ◽  
pp. 100-108
Author(s):  
T.S. Vinnichuk ◽  
L.M. Parminskaya ◽  
N.M. Gavrilyuk
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
No Till ◽  
Harmful Organisms

In the article the research the results of studies of the phytosanitary state of winter wheat sowing with three soil treatments - plowing (22-24 cm), shallow (10-12 cm) and zero (no - till) with various doses of fertilizers: N56 Р16 К16 , N110-130 Р90 К110 and N145-165 Р135 К150 , without fertilizers (control) for the two predecessors - soybean and rapeseed. The influence of these methods on the development and prevalence of powdery mildew, septoriosis of leaves, root rot of winter wheat, the most common pests in the area of research - cereal flies, wheat thrips and grain sawflies. The identified measures to limit the development and spread of harmful organisms above.

EFFICIENCY OF USE OF GREEN-TRANSPORT COMPONENTS BY OPERATING AND ENERGY INDICATORS

2019 ◽  
pp. 121-130
Author(s):  
D. Domushchi ◽  
P. Ustuyanov ◽  
Y. Enakiev ◽  
A. Lipin
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Domestic Production ◽  
Book Value ◽  
Traditional Technology ◽  
Conventional Technology ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
Energy Indicators ◽  
Harvesting Process

In agriculture, the components of production cycles are likely (stochastic) in nature. This is especially true for harvesting. The duration of this period depends on the weather conditions, the biology of plant development, the variety of culture, the composition of the soil, agro technical techniques, etc. In connection with this, there is a need for scientific and production searches for such forms of organization of the harvesting process that would allow harvesting in short agronomic terms and substantially reduce due to this loss. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the structure and composition of the technology of harvesting and transport complexes for different technologies of harvesting cereal crops by operational and energy indicators to reduce the material and energy costs of harvesting. To calculate the comparative estimation of energy costs of complex fuel and operating costs for different harvesting technologies of winter wheat, four technologies are considered: traditional technology - direct harvesting without straw shredding; traditional technology - separate harvesting; zero technology - the use of harvesting equipment of domestic production; Zero technology - the use of harvesting techniques imported production. For these technologies, according to the methodology of the latest scientific research, technological maps for the harvesting of winter wheat have been developed. A comparative analysis of operational and energy costs of harvesting winter wheat indicated that the least cost is zero technology using domestic production technology, and the most expensive is conventional technology with direct combine harvesting. The presented results of researches of various technologies of grain cereal harvesting according to the structure and composition of equipment of harvesting and transportation complexes indicated that reduction of operational and energy expenses is possible due to increase of productivity, reduction of book value and quantity of harvesting equipment in the composition of harvesting - transport complexes at performance of works in optimal agro technical terms with minimal crop losses.

scholarly journals Winter Wheat Straw Decomposition under Different Nitrogen Fertilizers

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Gabriela Mühlbachová ◽  
Pavel Růžek ◽  
Helena Kusá ◽  
Radek Vavera ◽  
Martin Káš
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Straw Decomposition ◽  
Rainy Weather ◽  
N Fertilisers

The climate changes and increased drought frequency still more frequent in recent periods bring challenges to management with wheat straw remaining in the field after harvest and to its decomposition. The field experiment carried out in 2017–2019 in the Czech Republic aimed to evaluate winter wheat straw decomposition under different organic and mineral nitrogen fertilizing (urea, pig slurry and digestate with and without inhibitors of nitrification (IN)). Treatment Straw 1 with fertilizers was incorporated in soil each year the first day of experiment. The Straw 2 was placed on soil surface at the same day as Straw 1 and incorporated together with fertilizers after 3 weeks. The Straw 1 decomposition in N treatments varied between 25.8–40.1% and in controls between 21.5–33.1% in 2017–2019. The Straw 2 decomposition varied between 26.3–51.3% in N treatments and in controls between 22.4–40.6%. Higher straw decomposition in 2019 was related to more rainy weather. The drought observed mainly in 2018 led to the decrease of straw decomposition and to the highest contents of residual mineral nitrogen in soils. The limited efficiency of N fertilisers on straw decomposition under drought showed a necessity of revision of current strategy of N treatments and reduction of N doses adequately according the actual weather conditions.

Alterations in cell walls of winter wheat roots during low temperature acclimation

1998 ◽  
Vol 152 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 473-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey I. Zabotin ◽  
Tatyana S. Barisheva ◽  
Olga A. Zabotina ◽  
Irina A. Larskaya ◽  
Vera V. Lozovaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Temperature Acclimation ◽  
Wheat Roots
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