scholarly journals Morphological traits and yield of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) genotypes with varying inflorescence length

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-100
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Zając ◽  
Halina Góral ◽  
Robert Witkowski ◽  
Ludwik Spiss
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Shoot Density ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
The One ◽  
Harvest Year ◽  
Standard Cultivar

Two red clover breeding strains with elongated flower heads, developed by one of the authors (H.Góral), were studied for forage and seed yield and compared to the standard cultivar 'Nike'. In addition, six morphological shoot traits were measured and their interrelations were computed. The leaf area index (LAI) of successive cuts in two harvest years was determined on the basis of shoot density and leaf area of individual shoots. All three genotypes exhibited a high leaf area on shoots and a very high forage productivity. Among the morphological traits only shoot height could be a good selective criterion because it is easily measured, is significantly associated with shoot weight and shoot leaf area and its variation is low. Both strains, particularly the one with longer inflorescences belong to short-lived red clover forms giving satis factory forage and seed yields in the first harvest year. Depending on the strain the number of seeds per elongated inflorescence in the first harvest year was higher by 92 and 42% compared to that of a standard cultivar.

scholarly journals Remote sensing of macrophyte morphological traits: Implications for the management of shallow lakes

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (s1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Villa ◽  
Monica Pinardi ◽  
Viktor R. Tóth ◽  
Peter D. Hunter ◽  
Rossano Bolpagni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Shallow Lake ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Spectral Response ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Fractional Cover ◽  
Spectral Models

Macrophytes are important elements of freshwater ecosystems, fulfilling a pivotal role in biogeochemical cycles. The synoptic capabilities provided by remote sensing make it a powerful tool for monitoring aquatic vegetation characteristics and the functional status of shallow lake systems in which they occur. The latest generation of airborne and spaceborne imaging sensors can be effectively exploited for mapping morphologically – and physiologically – relevant vegetation features based on their canopy spectral response. The objectives of this study were to calibrate semi-empirical models for mapping macrophyte morphological traits (i.e., fractional cover, leaf area index and above-water biomass) from hyperspectral data, and to investigate the capabilities of remote sensing in supporting macrophyte monitoring and management. We calibrated spectral models using in situ reflectance and morphological trait measures and applied them to airborne hyperspectral imaging data, acquired over two shallow European water bodies (Lake Hídvégi, in Hungary, and Mantua lakes system, in Italy) in two key phenological phases. Maps of morphological traits were produced covering a broad range of aquatic plant types (submerged, floating, and emergent), common to temperate and continental regions, with an error level of 5.4% for fractional cover, 0.10 m2 m-2 for leaf area index, and 0.06 kg m-2 for above-water biomass. Based on these maps, we discuss how remote sensing could support monitoring strategies and shallow lake management with reference to our two case studies: i.e., by providing insight into spatial and species-wise variability, by assessing nutrient uptake by aquatic plants, and by identifying hotspot areas where invasive species could become a threat to ecosystem functioning and service provision.

scholarly journals Determinants of Shoot Biomass Production in Mulberry: Combined Selection with Leaf Morphological and Physiological Traits

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Cao ◽  
Qiudi Shen ◽  
Chunqiong Shang ◽  
Honglei Yang ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Leaf Expansion ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Total Nitrogen Concentration

Physiological and morphological traits have a considerable impact on the biomass production of fast-growing trees. To compare cultivar difference in shoot biomass and investigate its relationships with leaf functional traits in mulberry, agronomic traits and 20 physiological and morphological attributes of 3-year-old mulberry trees from eight cultivars growing in a common garden were analyzed. The cultivars Xiang7920, Yu711, and Yunsang2 had higher shoot fresh biomass (SFB), which was closely associated with their rapid leaf expansion rate, large leaf area, and high stable carbon isotope composition (δ13C). Conversely, the cultivars 7307, Husang32, Wupu, Yunguo1, and Liaolu11 were less productive, and this was primarily the result of slower leaf expansion and smaller leaf size. Growth performance was negatively correlated with leaf δ13C and positively correlated with the total nitrogen concentration, indicating that a compromise exists in mulberry between water use efficiency (WUE) (low δ13C) and high nitrogen consumption for rapid growth. Several morphological traits, including the maximum leaf area (LAmax), leaf width and length, petiole width and length, leaf number per shoot, and final shoot height were correlated with SFB. The physiological traits that were also influential factors of shoot biomass were the leaf δ13C, the total nitrogen concentration, and the water content. Among the studied leaf traits, LAmax, leaf δ13C, and concentrations of chlorophyll a and b were identified as the most representative predictor variables for SFB, accounting for 73% of the variability in SFB. In conclusion, a combination of LAmax, leaf δ13C, and chlorophyll should be considered in selection programs for high-yield mulberry cultivars.

scholarly journals Transcriptional changes suggest a major involvement of Gibberellins in Trifolium pratense regrowth after mowing

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Brigitte Herbert ◽  
Thomas Gross ◽  
Oliver Rupp ◽  
Annette Becker
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Genetic Network ◽  
Genetic Response ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
And Control

AbstractRed clover (Trifolium pratense) is used worldwide as a fodder plant due its high nutritional value. In response to mowing, red clover exhibits specific morphological traits to compensate the loss of biomass. The morphological reaction is well described, but knowledge of the underlying molecular mechanisms are still lacking. Here we characterize the molecular genetic response to mowing of red clover by using comparative transcriptomics in greenhouse conditions and agriculturally used field. The analysis of mown and control plants revealed candidate genes possibly regulating crucial steps of the genetic network governing the regrowth reaction. In addition, multiple identified gibberellic acid (GA) related genes suggest a major role for GA in establishing the regrowth morphology of red clover. Mown red clover plants showing this regrowth morphology were partially “rescued” by exogenous GA application, demonstrating the influence of GA during regrowth. Our findings provide insights into the physiological and genetic processes of mowing red clover, to serve as a base for red clover yield improvement.

scholarly journals The performance of perennial ryegrass in binary mixtures with lucerne and red clover under N fertilization

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-360
Author(s):  
Zorica Bijelic ◽  
Violeta Mandic ◽  
Vesna Krnjaja ◽  
Dragana Ruzic-Muslic ◽  
Aleksandar Simic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Different Levels

Perennial ryegrass is a very important and widespread grass species used for livestock nutrition, in particularly ruminants. As a species that is most commonly used on grasslands, it is grown in mixtures with other types of grasses and legumes. The objective of the research was to investigate the performance of perennial ryegrass at various proportions in the mixtures with red clover and lucerne, and how different levels of N fertilization affect its competitiveness. Ryegrass achieved the highest yield with lucerne at seeding rate 50:50 and with red clover at seeding rate 70:30. Relative grass yield (RYg) of mixtures ranged from 1.01 to 1.55 respectively, which means that ryegrass in mixtures achieved 0.1-55% greater yield than pure ryegrass crop. N fertilization increased DMY and RYg, leaf : steam ratio, specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area ratio (LAR) and leaf area index (LAI) in both years thus increasing the competitive capability of perennial ryegrass.

Quackgrass (Agropyron repens) Control and Establishment of Three Forage Legumes with Three Selective Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig G. Davidson ◽  
Donald L. Wyse ◽  
Robert L. McGraw
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Astragalus Cicer ◽  
The One ◽  
Agropyron Repens

Sethoxydim {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one} and RO-13-8895 {acetone-O-[d-2-[p-[(α,α,α-trifluoro-p-tolyl)-oxy]phenoxy]propionyl]oxime} were evaluated for quackgrass [Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. ♯ AGRRE] control in ‘Norcen’ birdsfoot trefoil [Lotus corniculatus (L.)], ‘Monarch’ cicer milkvetch [Astragalus cicer (L.) Hook.], and ‘Arlington’ red clover [Trifolium pratense (L.)]. None of the herbicide treatments applied to weed-free legumes 3, 15, and 30 cm tall reduced crop ground cover or seed yield. Postemergence treatments of sethoxydim and RO-13-8895 applied to quackgrass in the one- to four-leaf stage, at rates from 0.56 to 1.1 kg ai/ha, gave control of 57 to 91% in September of the seedling year. Legumes in all postemergence herbicide-treated plots produced more seed than legumes in untreated plots, regardless of time of application. Sequential applications of sethoxydim, RO-13-8895, or fluazifop {(±)-2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy]propanoic acid} at 0.14 plus 0.14 kg ai/ha gave more effective quackgrass control and greater legume ground cover than single applications at 0.28 kg ai/ha.

AC Kingston red clover

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-150
Author(s):  
T. M. Choo ◽  
B. R. Christie
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Diploid Cultivar ◽  
Harvest Year

AC Kingston red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a diploid cultivar of the double-cut type developed by mass selection at the Agriculture Canada Research Station, Charlottetown, PEL It is similar to Florex in maturity, but is superior in forage yield in the second harvest year. It was selected for persistence under field conditions. Key words: Red clover, Trifolium pratense L., persistence, cultivar description

scholarly journals Variation in yield, forage quality and morphological traits of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) breeding populations and cultivars

2013 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijana Tucak ◽  
Svetislav Popović ◽  
Tihomir Čupić ◽  
Valentina Španić ◽  
Vladimir Meglič
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L

scholarly journals Ammonia-biosphere interaction from IASI and ERA5

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rimal Abeed ◽  
Sarah Safieddine ◽  
Lieven Clarisse ◽  
Martin Van Damme ◽  
Pierre-François Coheur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Reactive Nitrogen ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Boundary Layer Height ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

<p>The global concentration of reactive nitrogen (e.g. NH<sub>3</sub>, NO<sub>x</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O) has intensely increased since the pre-industrial era. Ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) is one of the main sources of reactive nitrogen in the atmosphere and plays a crucial role in the formation of inorganic particulate matter, which harms health and deteriorates air quality. In addition to that, the wet/dry deposition of ammonia derivatives affects ecosystems through acidification and eutrophication of soil and water bodies; leading to a loss in biodiversity and intensification of the response to climate change. NH<sub>3 </sub>is mainly emitted by biomass burning and agricultural activities. Agriculture contributes to air pollution and is affected by atmospheric composition, meteorology and climate change.</p><p>Several studies proved the efficiency of the IASI instrument aboard Metop satellites in measuring ammonia from space. For the last ten years, hotspots of ammonia point sources have been identified and categorized around the world.</p><p><span>In this p</span><span>oster</span><span>, we explore the interaction of atmospheric ammonia with land, meteorological, and leaf conditions. We look at the </span>temporal variability of ammonia in different regions<span> of the world. The relationship land-ammonia volatilization is assessed by comparing the variability of surface soil moisture and the skin temperature products from the ECMWF latest reanalysis (ERA5) with IASI NH</span><sub><span>3 </span></sub><span>total columns</span><span>. The meteorology-ammonia relation is examined, by looking at air temperature, humidity, precipitation, planetary boundary layer height, </span><span>and wind speed/direction</span><span>. Agricultural seasons </span><span>in studied regions</span><span> are detected from space in matter of leaf area per ground area. The </span><span>crop</span><span>-ammonia relation is assessed by looking at the Leaf Area Index (LAI) products. The regions </span><span>examined have been identified as point sources and/or hotspots of ammonia of agricultural and industrial sources (mainly fertilizer industry).</span></p><p>The result of this work will improve our understanding of biosphere-atmosphere interactions, in particular, the relationship between ammonia on the one hand and land, meteorology and crops on the other hand, in different regions in the world.</p>

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