scholarly journals Root parsley protection against damping off

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Nowicki
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Phytotoxic Effects ◽  
Fungicide Mixtures

Seed treatment ofroot parsley was done to protect <i>Petroselinum santivum</i> seedlings against damping off. Fungicides used as seed dressers were applied in 3 doses: 3, 5 and 10 g/kg. Seeds were treated with 7 dressers (Table l) used separately and in mixture with 3 g/kg of Rovral 50 WP (50% iprodione) and 1 g/kg of Apron 35 SD (35% metalaxyl). Two seed samples of Berlińska cultivar were used: first sample was strongly infected by <i>Alternaria petroselini</i> and <i>A.radicina</i> both 27,6% and also by <i>Fusarium</i> spp. 5,4% (Test I), and second sample revealed lower percentage of infection 4,6% and 1,2%, respectively (Test II). The experiments were conducted under laboratory, glasshouse and field conditions. Complete seedlings protection in all experiments was achieved for treatments when fungicide mixture was used in the highest dose (10 g/kg). Decrease of fungicides concentrations were connected with lower effectiveness of disease control. No phytotoxic effects of the tested fungicide mixtures were observed under the glasshouse or field conditions.

scholarly journals The Efficacy of Ethaboxam as a Soybean Seed Treatment Toward Phytophthora, Phytopythium, and Pythium in Ohio

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 1421-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey Scott ◽  
Meredith Eyre ◽  
Dair McDuffee ◽  
Anne E. Dorrance
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Phytophthora Species ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Seedling Disease ◽  
Seed Decay ◽  
Fungicide Mixtures ◽  
Seed Rot

Phytophthora, Phytopythium, and Pythium species that cause early-season seed decay and pre-emergence and post-emergence damping off of soybean are most commonly managed with seed treatments. The phenylamide fungicides metalaxyl and mefenoxam, and ethaboxam are effective toward some but not all species. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ethaboxam in fungicide mixtures and compare those with other fungicides as seed treatments to protect soybean against Pythium, Phytopythium, and Phytophthora species in both high-disease field environments and laboratory seed plate assays. The second objective was to evaluate these seed treatment mixtures on cultivars that have varying levels and combinations of resistance to these soilborne pathogens. Five of eight environments received adequate precipitation in the 14 days after planting for high levels of seedling disease development and treatment evaluations. Three environments had significantly greater stands, and three had significantly greater yield when ethaboxam was used in the seed treatment mixture compared with treatments containing metalaxyl or mefenoxam alone. Three fungicide formulations significantly reduced disease severity compared with nontreated in the seed plate assay for 17 species. However, the combination of ethaboxam plus metalaxyl in a mixture was more effective than either fungicide alone against some Pythium and Phytopythium species. Overall, our results indicate that the addition of ethaboxam to a fungicide seed treatment is effective in reducing seed rot caused by these pathogens commonly isolated from soybean in Ohio but that these effects can be masked when cultivars with resistance are planted.

scholarly journals Seed Treatment Using Pre-infiltration and Biocontrol Agents to Reduce Damping-off of Corn Caused by Species of Pythium and Fusarium

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Mao ◽  
R. D. Lumsden ◽  
J. A. Lewis ◽  
P. K. Hebbar
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Inoculum Rate

Bioassays were conducted in a greenhouse at 18°C to determine the effectiveness of a seed treatment used in combination with biocontrol agents for the reduction of corn damping-off caused by species of Pythium and Fusarium. Corn seeds were infiltrated with tap water, drained, air-dried, and then coated with biomass of an antagonistic fungus, Gliocladium virens isolate Gl-3, or an antagonistic bacterium, Burkholderia cepacia isolates Bc-B or Bc-1, or a combination of Gl-3 with each of the bacterial isolates. A nonsterile field soil was infested with a combination of pathogens: Pythium ultimum, P. arrhenomanes, and Fusarium graminearum at 2 inoculum rates (1× and 4×). Pre-infiltration enhanced (P ≤ 0.05) disease control with most treatments at both inoculum rates. Treatments with biocontrol agents alone or in combination, as well as the fungicide captan, effectively reduced the disease at a pathogen inoculum rate of 1×, resulting in greater (P ≤ 0.05) seedling stands, plant height, and fresh weight, and lower (P ≤ 0.05) root rot severity compared with untreated seeds in infested soil. At a pathogen inoculum rate of 4×, stands were lower (P ≤ 0.01) and root-rot severity was higher (P ≤ 0.01) compared to those at 1× for all treatments. Nevertheless, coating seeds with all biocontrol agents (alone or in combination), except with Bc-1 alone, reduced disease (P ≤ 0.05) compared to untreated seeds in infested soil. At both inoculum rates of 1× and 4×, coating seeds with Gl-3 + Bc-B was more effective (P ≤ 0.05) in disease control than any other treatment, resulting in stands, growth rate (plant height and fresh weight), and root rot severity similar to plants from untreated seeds in noninfested soil. In addition, when the exudate from a 2-h infiltration of corn seed was added to the seeds during seed coating, seedling stand was often lower and root rot severity was often higher than those from infiltrated seeds (P ≤ 0.05). These results indicated that the infiltration process removed certain exudates, including nutrients and/or stimulants (not detected in this study) that might be utilized by pathogens to initiate seed infection. A thin-layer chromatography (TLC) profile of the exudates showed the presence of eight amino acids and three major carbohydrates.

scholarly journals Seed Treatment with Ethanol Extract of Serratia marcescens is Compatible with Trichoderma Isolates for Control of Damping-off of Cucumber Caused by Pythium ultimum

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (7) ◽  
pp. 1278-1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Roberts ◽  
Dilip K. Lakshman ◽  
Laurie F. McKenna ◽  
Sarah E. Emche ◽  
Jude E. Maul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Integrated Disease Control ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Trichoderma Isolates

Environmentally friendly control measures for soilborne plant pathogens are needed that are effective in different soils when applied alone or as components of an integrated disease control strategy. An ethanol extract of Serratia marcescens N4-5, when applied as a cucumber seed treatment, effectively suppressed damping-off caused by Pythium ultimum in potting mix and in a sandy loam soil. Plant stand associated with this treatment was similar to that of seed treated with the chemical pesticide Thiram in the sandy loam soil. The N4-5 ethanol extract did not consistently provide significant disease control in a loam soil. The N4-5 ethanol extract was compatible with two Trichoderma isolates, not affecting in vitro or in situ colonization of cucumber by these biological control fungi. Control of damping-off of cucumber was never diminished when this ethanol extract was applied as a seed treatment in combination with in-furrow application of the Trichoderma isolates, and disease control was improved in certain instances with these combinations in the loam soil. Data presented here indicate that the N4-5 ethanol extract is compatible with certain beneficial fungi, suggesting that this extract can be used as a component of integrated disease control strategies featuring biological control fungi.

Management of collar rot ( Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishal Gandhi ◽  
R. S Taya ◽  
Anil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Collar Rot ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Screen House

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an important short duration crop which can be grown in all seasons and produces high quality edible and industrial oil, besides animal feed and fodders. Sclerotium rolfsii cause both pre and post-emergence mortality of young seedlings besides inciting collar rot in adult plants is considered to be potential biotic limiting factor for cultivation of sunflower. Keeping this fact in view, few fungicides and bio-agents were tested as seed treatment and soil application to manage the collar rot of sunflower under screen house and field conditions. Results indicated that use of fungicides and bio-agents as seed and soil treatments significantly reduced the incidence of collar rot. Under screen house conditions, maximum disease control (75.15 %) was obtained by Vitavax power (carboxin + thiram ) @ 2g/kg seed followed by captan 50 WP @ 3g/kg (70.35%). Trichoderma harzianum @ 20g/kg soil application showed maximum control of the disease (40.62%) as compared to untreated control. Results of studies conducted under field conditions revealed that seed treatment with captan 50 WP @ 3g/kg seed was found most effective treatment in controlling the disease incidence (73.38 %). Among the different bio-agent evaluated, Pseudomonas fluorescensas as soil application gave maximum disease control (55.11 %) of collar rot of sunflower and also maximum seed yield

scholarly journals Combination of biological control agents and garlic (allium sativum) extract in reducing damping-off disease of tomato

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
VO Dania ◽  
JA Omidiora
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Seedling Mortality

Damping-off (Pythium aphanidermatum) is a soil-borne disease which accounts for seedling mortality and significant yield losses in tomato production. Laboratory and screenhouse experiments were conducted in 2017, with a repeated field trial in 2018 to evaluate the efficacy of combining three biological control agents (BCAs), Trichodermaviride, T. harzianumand Bacillus subtilis with Allium sativumextract for the integrated management of the disease in tomato crop. Treatments were laid out in a completely randomized design and randomized complete block design in the screenhouse and field experiments, respectively with eighteen treatments and three replications. The BCAs and extract were formulated and applied using seed treatment and soil sprinkling methods. Treatment combinations of BCAs with A. sativumwere more effective in the reduction of mycelial growth of the pathogen with inhibitory values that ranged between 77.6-91.2% than single inoculation. Seed treatment before planting was more effective than soil sprinkle method, reducing pre-emergence and damping-off incidence to between 6.8-18.3% and 9.7-26.3% under screenhouse and field conditions, respectively than the sprinkling method. Soil sprinkle with T. harzianumin combination with A. sativumextract had the highest cumulative tomato fruit yield of 902 kg/ha-1under field conditions. This study showed that combined application of BCAs and A. sativumextract reduced damping-off disease and thereby improved the fruit yield of tomato. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(3): 553-567, September 2019

Damping-off of sugar beet in Finland: II. Disease control 

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 431-450
Author(s):  
Mauritz Vestberg ◽  
Risto Tahvonen ◽  
Kyösti Raininko
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Good Protection ◽  
Great Damage

In pot and field experiments carried out in 1979-1981, the systemic funqicide hymexazol prevented satisfactorily soil borne damping-off of sugar beet caused mainly by the fungus Pythium debaryanum auct. non Hesse. The results with the combination hymexazol + thiram were still better. This treatment gave very good protection against the disease up to about two to three weeks after emergence, increased the yield on the average by 5-10 % and produced considerably thicker and denser stands. Thereafter a large number of beets may have become infected, but no great damage was caused as only few died. Band spraying at emergence using hymexazol with a large amount of water as well as spraying into the seed furrow prevented the outbreak of the disease almost completely. Liming had little effect on damping-off.

scholarly journals Application of Bio-Friendly Formulations of Chitinase-Producing Streptomyces cellulosae Actino 48 for Controlling Peanut Soil-Borne Diseases Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Gaber Abo-Zaid ◽  
Ahmed Abdelkhalek ◽  
Saleh Matar ◽  
Mai Darwish ◽  
Muhammad Abdel-Gayed
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Culture Broth ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Cell Pellet

Of ten actinobacterial isolates, Streptomyces cellulosae Actino 48 exhibited the strongest suppression of Sclerotium rolfsii mycelium growth and the highest chitinase enzyme production (49.2 U L−1 min−1). The interaction between Actino 48 and S. rolfsii was studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM), which revealed many abnormalities, malformations, and injuries of the hypha, with large loss of S. rolfsii mycelia density and mass. Three talc-based formulations with culture broth, cell-free supernatant, and cell pellet suspension of chitinase-producing Actino 48 were characterized using SEM, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and a particle size analyzer. All formulations were evaluated as biocontrol agents for reducing damping-off, root rot, and pods rot diseases of peanut caused by S. rolfsii under greenhouse and open-field conditions. The talc-based culture broth formulation was the most effective soil treatment, which decreased the percentage of peanut diseases under greenhouse and open-field conditions during two successive seasons. The culture broth formulation showed the highest increase in the dry weight of peanut shoots, root systems, and yielded pods. The transcriptional levels of three defense-related genes (PR-1, PR-3, and POD) were elevated in the culture broth formulation treatment compared with other formulations. Subsequently, the bio-friendly talc-based culture broth formulation of chitinase-producing Actino 48 could potentially be used as a biocontrol agent for controlling peanut soil-borne diseases caused by S. rolfsii.

scholarly journals Can High-Risk Fungicides be Used in Mixtures Without Selecting for Fungicide Resistance?

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Mikaberidze ◽  
Bruce A. McDonald ◽  
Sebastian Bonhoeffer
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Fungicide Resistance ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Population Dynamics Model ◽  
Fungicide Mixtures ◽  
Cost Of Resistance ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Crucial Parameter

Fungicide mixtures produced by the agrochemical industry often contain low-risk fungicides, to which fungal pathogens are fully sensitive, together with high-risk fungicides known to be prone to fungicide resistance. Can these mixtures provide adequate disease control while minimizing the risk for the development of resistance? We present a population dynamics model to address this question. We found that the fitness cost of resistance is a crucial parameter to determine the outcome of competition between the sensitive and resistant pathogen strains and to assess the usefulness of a mixture. If fitness costs are absent, then the use of the high-risk fungicide in a mixture selects for resistance and the fungicide eventually becomes nonfunctional. If there is a cost of resistance, then an optimal ratio of fungicides in the mixture can be found, at which selection for resistance is expected to vanish and the level of disease control can be optimized.

Influence of previous crops and fungicide seed treatment in the incidence and control of damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani in cotton seedlings under greenhouse conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-161
Author(s):  
Augusto César Pereira Goulart
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Forage Sorghum ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to verify the influence of previous crops and fungicide seed treatment in the incidence and control of damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani in cotton seedlings under greenhouse conditions. This experiment was carried out during two years at Embrapa Western Agriculture, in Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. In addition to cotton (treated and untreated seeds) and fallow, the following cover crops were tested as previous crops: black oats, millet, corn, forage sorghum, soybean, common beans, crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea), brachiaria (Urochloa ruziziensis) and brachiaria (Urochloa ruziziensis) + crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea). The fungicide mixture used as treatment to cotton seeds was triadimenol + pencycuron + tolylfluanid (50 + 50 + 30 g a.i./100 kg seeds). Seeds from cotton and previous crops were sown in soil contained in plastic trays and pots; the seeds were placed in individual and equidistant 3cm-deep wells. Inoculation of R. solani was obtained by homogeneously distributing the fungal inoculum onto the substrate surface (2.5g/tray and 0.34g/pot). The fungus was grown for 35 days on autoclaved black oat seeds subsequently ground to powder using a mill (1mm). Damping-off was daily evaluated from the seventh day after sowing. There was a significant effect of the interaction previous crops x fungicide treatment (P<0.05). The fungicide seed treatment was efficient in controlling seedling damping-off caused by R. solani and its effect was potentiated when grasses were the previous crops. Use of grasses such as brachiaria (Urochloa ruziziensis), black oats, millet, corn and forage sorghum as previous crops, besides fallow, significantly contributed to a smaller R. solani population in the soil, which resulted in lower rates of cotton seedling damping-off. On the other hand, using cotton continuously, as well as the legumes soybeans, beans, crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea), and brachiaria (Urochloa ruziziensis) + crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea) as previous crops to cotton, was consistently associated with higher rates of seedling damping-off, contributing to the increase or at least the maintenance of R. solani inoculum in the soil. The highest damping-off percentages were observed in plots under continuous cotton cultivation without fungicide seed treatment. The present results reinforce the need of improving damping-off control in cotton seedlings by adopting integrated management programs in areas infested with R. solani.

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